GRE閱讀Infer題的應(yīng)對(duì)方法
Infer題是GRE考試閱讀理解的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),我們要掌握一些應(yīng)對(duì)這類題型的方法。下文是百分網(wǎng)小編為大家準(zhǔn)備了GRE考試閱讀Infer題的有效應(yīng)對(duì)方法,希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助!
GRE閱讀Infer題的3大應(yīng)對(duì)方法
1. 絕對(duì)事實(shí)最優(yōu)先原則
對(duì)于GRE閱讀Infer題來說,解題最關(guān)鍵的步驟就是要找到文章中的絕對(duì)事實(shí)。所謂絕對(duì)事實(shí),就是根據(jù)文章本身內(nèi)容可以得出的不容置疑辯駁的信息。這部分信息本身沒有任何漏洞和問題,可以說是文章中邏輯成立的基礎(chǔ)所在。這里要特別提醒考生的一點(diǎn)就是,切忌腦補(bǔ),千萬不要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容自己想當(dāng)然的加上一些結(jié)論。哪怕這些結(jié)論看似再正確,只要不是文章里提到的內(nèi)容,那么就很有可能是錯(cuò)誤的。GRE閱讀錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的一個(gè)常見形式就是未提及無關(guān)選項(xiàng)。
舉例來說,假設(shè)一篇文章講的是作者最喜歡的寵物是貓。那么最喜歡貓就是絕對(duì)事實(shí)。根據(jù)這個(gè)事實(shí),大家可能會(huì)得出作者養(yǎng)了一只貓,或者很喜歡和貓玩,又或者如果要在貓和其它寵物之間做選擇,作者肯定會(huì)選貓。而實(shí)際上,這些結(jié)論都是大家自己根據(jù)事實(shí)腦補(bǔ)出來的,文章中并沒有提到。在解答GRE邏輯閱讀的Infer題時(shí),這些建立在常識(shí)性推理而非事實(shí)之上的結(jié)論往往就是錯(cuò)誤的。
2. 科學(xué)事實(shí)不是閱讀重點(diǎn)
對(duì)大部分考生來說,GRE文章中最難理解的往往是涉及科學(xué)技術(shù)等學(xué)術(shù)類內(nèi)容的文章。缺乏專業(yè)背景或者關(guān)注度的考生很容易被這些高大上的.內(nèi)容繞暈,嘗試著去理解其含義卻反而更加看不懂題目。實(shí)際上,我們始終都需要明確的一點(diǎn)是,我們是在做邏輯題,而不是來學(xué)科學(xué)知識(shí)。因此,只要能推論出A到B,B到C這樣的邏輯關(guān)系,就足夠我們解決題目了,至于那些復(fù)雜晦澀的科學(xué)原理和知識(shí),大家只要做最低限度的閱讀即可,不需要浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間去搞懂和理解。
3. 整理邏輯鏈從句子主謂語入手
GRE語文部分,無論是填空、閱讀還是邏輯,都會(huì)在題目中使用許多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜語法高深的長(zhǎng)難句式。這些句式本身就是為了干擾大家閱讀和理解題目而存在的。邏輯閱讀中同樣存在大量長(zhǎng)難句。這給本身就需要消耗大量腦力的邏輯題更增添了額外難度。因此,考生在面對(duì)Infer題時(shí),首先要做的就是整理邏輯鏈,而應(yīng)對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句最直接的做法是先找到句子主謂語,明確文章的基本含義,然后再把那些額外的句子成分加上去逐步理解。否則一句話要讀好幾遍才能看懂,無形中就會(huì)浪費(fèi)掉大量的思考和解題時(shí)間。更不用說去考慮邏輯關(guān)系了。
GRE閱讀的五項(xiàng)原則
1、讀原文
GRE閱讀的基本做題方法,就是先讀原文再看題目,看過題目后再根據(jù)題目定位回原文,所以讀原文是做一篇閱讀的第一步。有些讀者已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了先讀題目再看原文的閱讀習(xí)慣,其實(shí),做題的順序要因閱讀特點(diǎn)和出題方式而異,GRE閱讀題目的出題順序和原文幾乎沒有任何聯(lián)系,也就是說第一道題可能考了原文的末尾,而最后一道題可能考的是原文的開始,故先讀題目再讀原文對(duì)做題沒有任何幫助,反而有可能擾亂讀者理解原文內(nèi)在的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。
2、讀原文的同時(shí)對(duì)重點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)做標(biāo)記
做標(biāo)記是指在讀文章的時(shí)候用簡(jiǎn)單的符號(hào)記錄所讀重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,這應(yīng)該和讀文章同步進(jìn)行,標(biāo)記可以輕輕做在試卷邊緣,也可以另外寫在草稿紙上。所標(biāo)記的主要目的是為了讀完選項(xiàng)之后能快速、準(zhǔn)確的定位,這個(gè)步驟要求讀者熟悉常考考點(diǎn),對(duì)應(yīng)做標(biāo)記的內(nèi)容爛熟于胸,這樣才能不費(fèi)時(shí)間的給自己下一步的定位作準(zhǔn)標(biāo)記。
3、讀題干、選項(xiàng)
讀題干的過程也是個(gè)找題干特征的過程,看看題干所述和自己所做標(biāo)記的內(nèi)容有沒有聯(lián)系,如果有,則可以直接定位,故定位最主要的基礎(chǔ)是題干與標(biāo)記之間的聯(lián)系。有時(shí)候題干可能沒有可以捕捉的特征,這時(shí)讀者不妨從選項(xiàng)下手,選項(xiàng)中也時(shí)常會(huì)有明顯的特征反映出它與原文中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之間的相關(guān)性。
4、定位
定位指的是確定考題針對(duì)原文中什么位置的內(nèi)容發(fā)問,通常通過題干和選項(xiàng)的特征詞來找,判斷了原文所述的位置之后,就可以找原文和答案之間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系了,絕大多數(shù)題目都可以通過找題干和選項(xiàng)的特征詞準(zhǔn)確的定位到原文某處。
5、(排除干擾選項(xiàng)后)按照文字對(duì)應(yīng)原則選答案
GRE考試的備選答案都是五個(gè),通常很少有考題能讓讀者非常直接的判斷出正確答案,總有1-2個(gè)迷惑性比較大的選項(xiàng),所以,考生不妨先豎讀各選相,排除一些明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),然后再對(duì)剩下的進(jìn)行細(xì)致的比較,通過原文和選項(xiàng)之間的文字對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,進(jìn)行選擇。
GRE閱讀的練習(xí)題
Some researchers claim that cetaceans—whales and dolphins—have culture, which the researchers define as the ability to learn from one another. Skeptics, however, demand clear evidence that cetaceans can acquire new behaviors through some form of social learning, preferably clear-cut instances of imitation or teaching. But such evidence is difficult to obtain. While few people doubt that captive cetaceans are adept at imitation or that they reproduce behaviors taught by researchers, biologists seeking insight into cetaceans’ behavior in their natural habitats must rely on deduction rather than experiments. If members of a particular group share behaviors that do not result from genetic inheritance or environmental variation, then they have almost certainly learned them by watching, following, or listening to other animals.
1. Which of the following best describe the function of the highlighted sentence?
A. It identifies a factor that complicates biologists’ ability to draw conclusions about the behavior of cetaceans in their natural environments.
B. It illustrates the kind of deduction mentioned in the preceding sentence.
C. It explains why skeptics have remained unpersuaded by evidence that has been put forward in support of the claim that cetaceans have culture.
D. It introduces a claim that would be dismissed by both supporters and opponents of the view that cetaceans have culture.
E. It notes a previously overlooked factor that might shed light on the question of whether cetaceans have culture.
2. The passage suggests which of the following about captive cetaceans?
A. Whether they are engaged in social learning is a subject of disagreement among biologists.
B. Their ability to imitate new behaviors is more extensive than that of noncaptive cetaceans.
C. They exhibit few behaviors that have not also been observed in cetaceans in their natural habitats.
D. They appear to adopt new behaviors more quickly than noncaptive cetaceans.
E. They exhibit tendencies that suggest a capacity for the kind of behavior that qualifies as cultural.
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