英語(yǔ)感謝技巧

　　心理學(xué)研究表明，表達(dá)感謝可以顯著提升個(gè)人的幸福感和滿(mǎn)足感。當(dāng)我們對(duì)他人的幫助表示感謝時(shí)，不僅能夠增強(qiáng)彼此的信任感與親密感，還能夠促進(jìn)人際關(guān)系的良性發(fā)展。下面是英語(yǔ)感謝技巧，歡迎參考！

　　[摘要]感謝是指對(duì)他人的施惠行為(例如他人給予的幫助和好處等)表示認(rèn)可、謝意或感激之情，是融洽人與人之間關(guān)系的常見(jiàn)禮貌言語(yǔ)行為。大量的研究證明，非母語(yǔ)者在用所學(xué)的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交際時(shí)，交際雙方往往根據(jù)各自母語(yǔ)文化的禮貌規(guī)范對(duì)其言語(yǔ)行為進(jìn)行詮釋、表達(dá)，而各種文化差異常常會(huì)導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)用失誤，甚至產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。本文對(duì)漢英感謝的顯著差異進(jìn)行探討，以幫助減少或避免我國(guó)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)交際時(shí)的語(yǔ)用失誤。

　　[關(guān)鍵詞]感謝 禮貌 文化差異 語(yǔ)用失誤

　　一、引語(yǔ)

　　感謝是世界各文化都普遍遵循的禮儀，是融洽人與人之間關(guān)系的常見(jiàn)言語(yǔ)行為。Searle (1976)將言語(yǔ)行為劃分為五類(lèi)：闡述類(lèi)(representatives)，指令類(lèi)(directives)，表述類(lèi)(expressives)，承諾類(lèi)(commisives)和宣告類(lèi)(declarations)，感謝屬于表述類(lèi)(表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種心理狀態(tài))，指受惠方對(duì)他人的施惠行為(例如他人給予的幫助和好處等)表示認(rèn)可、謝意或感激之情。Leech (1983)從社會(huì)功能的角度把言語(yǔ)行為劃分為四類(lèi)：競(jìng)爭(zhēng)類(lèi)(the competitive)，和諧類(lèi)(the convivial)，協(xié)作類(lèi)(the collaborative)和抵觸類(lèi)(the conflictive)。感謝屬于convivial(和諧)類(lèi)。恰當(dāng)?shù)乇磉_(dá)感謝，有助于建立、鞏固良好的人際關(guān)系、營(yíng)造友好和睦的社會(huì)氛圍。反之，感謝語(yǔ)使用不當(dāng)或應(yīng)該使用時(shí)沒(méi)有使用，會(huì)被視為無(wú)禮表現(xiàn)，對(duì)人際關(guān)系造成負(fù)面影響。Brown & Levinson (1987)認(rèn)為，表達(dá)感謝等于承認(rèn)欠施惠方的情。因此，表達(dá)感謝要講究策略。

　　大量的研究證明，在跨文化交際中，不同母語(yǔ)的交際雙方往往會(huì)根據(jù)各自母語(yǔ)文化中的語(yǔ)言禮貌準(zhǔn)則對(duì)交際的各方面進(jìn)行詮釋、理解(Gumperz and Cook-Gumperz，1982)。當(dāng)非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者用英語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者交流時(shí)，文化差異的語(yǔ)用負(fù)遷移可能會(huì)引起對(duì)非母語(yǔ)者整個(gè)品質(zhì)、形象錯(cuò)誤的判斷(Kotani，2002)。

　　由于東西方文化差異，漢英感謝存在明顯的差異。因此，有必要對(duì)此進(jìn)行探索，以幫助減少或避免我國(guó)學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)感謝時(shí)的語(yǔ)用失誤，乃至對(duì)整個(gè)形象的負(fù)面影響。

　　二、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究

　　1.國(guó)外研究

　　Aijmer (1996)利用London-Lund Corpus，Survey of English Usage，the Birmingham Corpus of English Texts 的資料，輔之以作者本人收集的數(shù)據(jù)，從作用、形式以及策略等方面對(duì)感謝進(jìn)行了詳盡的分析。她認(rèn)為T(mén)hank you的社會(huì)作用在于承認(rèn)或認(rèn)可從他人(的行為中)得到了好處，即便是很小的好處：如售票員遞票給乘客，銀行職員從柜臺(tái)上遞錢(qián)給顧客，侍者為顧客端來(lái)一杯咖啡等。并把英語(yǔ)中感謝的最基本形式Thank you/thanks的主要作用概括如下：(Thank you/thanks是最基本的詞語(yǔ)，在此基礎(chǔ)上可以進(jìn)行增補(bǔ)和加強(qiáng)，以顯得更禮貌，如：“Thank you very much indeed”，“Thanks ever so”)

　�、〕姓J(rèn)得到好處;

　�、⑦f給自己東西，認(rèn)可得到好處;

　�、Ｌ崆氨磉_(dá)感謝(如服務(wù)，主動(dòng)提供，許諾等);

　�、げ辉傩枰�某人或某人的服務(wù);

　�、ソ邮軙�(huì)話(huà)結(jié)束的標(biāo)志(特別是電話(huà)中);

　　ⅵ會(huì)話(huà)結(jié)束(e.g.Eisenstein & Bodman，1986;1993);

　�、Ы邮苤鲃�(dòng)提供;

　�、ê�暄(如：作為對(duì)“how are you”的回答，“fine，thanks”除了寒暄，幾乎沒(méi)有什么實(shí)際功能，僅僅是讓問(wèn)話(huà)的人感覺(jué)舒服而已。

　�、┙Y(jié)合不同的音調(diào)，可以表示懊惱，譏諷，挖苦和唐突無(wú)禮(e.g.Eisenstein & Bodman，1986;1993;Okamoto & Robinson，1997);

　　消極請(qǐng)求。如：“Thank you for not smoking”——請(qǐng)求聽(tīng)話(huà)者不要抽煙。

　　(根據(jù)Aijmer(1996)整理)

　　Thank you/thanks在會(huì)話(huà)序列中出現(xiàn)的地方不同，作用也不同，如：Thank you 作為會(huì)話(huà)標(biāo)志，表示服務(wù)的各個(gè)階段。在餐館里或售票處，我們可以常常聽(tīng)見(jiàn)以下的對(duì)話(huà)(Coulmas，1981)：

　　(情景：售票員遞來(lái)車(chē)票)

　　Conductor：Thank you.(遞票時(shí))

　　Passenger：Thank you.(接過(guò)票時(shí))

　　Conductor：Thank you.(結(jié)束對(duì)話(huà))

　　Aston (1995)認(rèn)為在結(jié)束會(huì)話(huà)時(shí)的thank you反映了對(duì)談話(huà)的局部調(diào)整，是對(duì)所談之事和雙方角色關(guān)系的認(rèn)定。通過(guò)比較自然狀態(tài)下錄下的為別人提供服務(wù)的數(shù)據(jù)(語(yǔ)言分別為英語(yǔ)和意大利語(yǔ))，指出跨文化差異在外語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的重要性。

　　Okamoto & Robinson (1997)對(duì)228人進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)(不同的情景變量下為受惠者開(kāi)一大學(xué)圖書(shū)館的門(mén))和對(duì)120個(gè)在校大學(xué)生進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查，旨在研究影響英國(guó)人表達(dá)感謝的因素。 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受惠者受惠的程度越高，他們通常會(huì)越禮貌地表達(dá)謝意。研究結(jié)果支持Brown and Levinson (1987)的禮貌理論。

　　Coulmas (1981) 首先對(duì)西方文化中“感謝”和“道歉”進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)“感謝”和“道歉”都是對(duì)前面的話(huà)語(yǔ)或情景的回應(yīng)，有些回答可以同時(shí)用于“感謝”和“道歉”，如，

　　(1)A：Thank you so much.B：That’s all right.

　　A：Thanks a lot.B：Not at all.

　　(2)A：Excuse me please. B：That’s all right.

　　A：I’m sorry.B：Not at all.

　　(Coulmas，1981：72)

　　她認(rèn)為，把“感謝”和“道歉”相連的紐帶是“虧欠(indebtedness)”。而 Aijmer (1996) 認(rèn)為感謝和道歉根本相似處是兩者都屬于表述性言語(yǔ)行為(表達(dá)說(shuō)話(huà)者的一種心理狀態(tài))。Coulmas 然后對(duì)日語(yǔ)中的“感謝”和“道歉”進(jìn)行研究以考察東西方文化的差異，發(fā)現(xiàn)日本文化中更常用“道歉”。很多時(shí)候，西方文化的學(xué)生認(rèn)為日本人“道歉”得毫無(wú)道理，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有做錯(cuò)事情(Kotani，2002)。事實(shí)上，在日語(yǔ)里，“道歉”很多時(shí)候是用來(lái)表達(dá)感謝的(e.g.Eisenstein & Bodman，1993)。用道歉的形式，如“Sorry，”“I am sorry”，表示感謝也存在于英語(yǔ)文化中(Okamoto & Robinson，1997)，只是不太普遍而已。

　　Kotani(2002)專(zhuān)門(mén)對(duì) “I’m sorry” 進(jìn)行了研究。通過(guò)分析日本人和美國(guó)人用英語(yǔ)在自然情景下的錄音對(duì)話(huà)，作者認(rèn)為日語(yǔ)中的“sumimasen”，即“I’m sorry”可以用來(lái)表達(dá)英語(yǔ)中的“感謝”和“道歉”兩個(gè)概念，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)給施惠方帶來(lái)的麻煩和負(fù)擔(dān)。通過(guò)對(duì)同日本人有接觸、正在學(xué)日語(yǔ)的在校美國(guó)大學(xué)生的采訪(fǎng)和分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)美國(guó)人的困惑是難以區(qū)分日本人的“I’m sorry”的禮節(jié)性的和實(shí)質(zhì)性的道歉。可見(jiàn)，不同文化對(duì)“I’m sorry”的不同理解很可能造成誤解。

　　Eisenstein & Bodman(1986;1993)通過(guò)自然觀(guān)察、書(shū)面/口頭問(wèn)卷和角色模仿等方式，從英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者和母語(yǔ)主要為漢語(yǔ)、朝鮮語(yǔ)、日語(yǔ)、俄語(yǔ)和西班牙語(yǔ)、正在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生(他們?cè)诿绹?guó)的平均時(shí)間為兩年)獲取的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些英語(yǔ)水平很高的非英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者在受惠程度很高的情景下，找不到合適的言語(yǔ)方式來(lái)充分、恰當(dāng)表達(dá)自己的感激之情：不僅表現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)言方面，也表現(xiàn)在社會(huì)語(yǔ)用方面。其研究結(jié)果表明，外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者通常只認(rèn)識(shí)到表達(dá)感謝的普遍性，沒(méi)有意識(shí)到跨文化中的重大差異。

　　英語(yǔ)感謝范文 1

dear (bosss name),

　　i appreciated the opportunity to meet with you yesterday about the position of (job title)

　　with (company name).

　　i really enjoyed meeting with members of the office and learning about the job. the entire

　　team certainly seem to be highly skilled and motivated and the work itself seems as

　　rewarding as it is challenging. from our discussion,i gained a strong sense of

　　(company names commitment to their clients and their employees. i also enjoyed our

　　discussion of my opportunities and future within the firm.

　　i feel strongly that i possess the qualities required as a (job title). i believe my education

　　and experiences have prepared me well for a future with you. i eagerly anticipate our next meeting. thank you for considering me for this opportunity.

　　sincerely,

　　(signature)

　　英語(yǔ)感謝范文2

Dear Mary,

　　I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.

　　Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week.

　　When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.

　　Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you.

　　I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.

　　Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.

　　Very sincerely,Li Ming

　　英語(yǔ)感謝范文3

Dear Fans：

　　I am writing this letter to express my heartfelt gratitude to all of you. It is because of your unrelenting support that I have achieved my dreams and made my mark in the world of entertainment. Without your love and devotion, I wouldnt be where I am today.

　　Your unwavering support has been instrumental in helping me grow as an artist. You have been a constant source of inspiration, and your encouragement has kept me going even during the toughest times. I cant thank you enough for being there for me, always.

　　I am humbled by the love that you have shown me through the years. Your kind words, thoughtful gifts, warm messages, and unwavering loyalty have lifted my spirits and given me the confidence to keep pushing forward. Every like, comment, and share on my posts is a testament to your support and it means the world to me.

　　The greatest joy in my life is knowing that I have a community of such amazing people who believe in me and my work. You are the pillars of my success and I cant thank you enough for being my biggest cheerleaders. Every time I step on stage, I am reminded of your love and it fills me with renewed energy.

　　In conclusion, I want to express my deepest gratitude to each and every one of you. Thank you for your constant love, support and encouragement. I promise to work harder every day to live up to your expectations and make you proud.

　　With all my love and appreciation,[Your Name]

　　英語(yǔ)感謝范文4

Dear Mom and Dad，

　　I want to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for everything that you have done for me. As I grow older, I realize that I owe everything to you, and that no amount of appreciation would be enough to compensate for all your sacrifices and hard work.

　　From the very beginning, you supported and encouraged me to pursue my dreams. You never let me doubt my abilities or feel alone in the face of challenges. You devoted countless hours to help me with my homework, drove me to sports practices and music lessons, and cheered for me at every game and concert.

　　Most importantly, you taught me the values of kindness, honesty, and perseverance by setting an example through your own actions. You always went out of your way to help others, even when you had little to spare. You told me the truth, even if it was hard to hear. You never gave up, even when things got tough.

　　Now that I’m older, I can see how much these lessons have shaped my life. They have given me the strength, confidence, and compassion necessary to face the real world. They have also given me a sense of purpose and a desire to make a positive impact on others, just like you did for me.

　　I can’t possibly put into words how grateful I am for all that you have done, but I hope that this letter serves as a small token of my appreciation. Please know that every accomplishment, every milestone, and every joy in my life is a reflection of your love and support.

　　Thank you, Mom and Dad, for being the best parents I could ever ask for. I love you more than words can say.

　　Sincerely

　　[Your Name]

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