福克納的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)儀式上的致辭，他們中肯定有人有一天也會(huì)站到我現(xiàn)在站著的地方來(lái)的，他必須使自己明白世間最可鄙的事情莫過(guò)于恐懼，他不是為遍地白骨而悲傷所以留不下深刻的痕肌
福克納諾貝爾獲獎(jiǎng)致辭
OnAcceptingNobelPrize
Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman,buttomywork--alife'sworkintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit,notforgloryandleastofallforprofit,buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomethingwhichdidnotexistbefore.Sothisawardisonlymineintrust.Itwillnotbedifficulttofindadedicationforthemoneypartofitcommensuratewiththepurposeandsignificanceofitsorigin.ButIwouldliketodothesamewiththeacclaimtoo,byusingthismomentasapinnaclefromwhichImightbelistenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadydedicatedtothesameanguishandtravail,amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandherewhereIamstanding.
我感到這份獎(jiǎng)金不是授予我個(gè)人而是授予我的工作的,授予我一生從事關(guān)于人類(lèi)精神的嘔心瀝血工作.我從事這項(xiàng)工作,不是為名,更不是為利,而是為了從人的精神原料中創(chuàng)造出一些從前不曾有過(guò)的東西.因此,這份獎(jiǎng)金只不過(guò)是托我保管而已.為這份獎(jiǎng)金的錢(qián)找到與獎(jiǎng)金原來(lái)的目的和意義相稱的用途并不難,但我還想為獎(jiǎng)金的榮譽(yù)找到承受者.我愿意利用這個(gè)時(shí)刻,利用這個(gè)舉世矚目的講壇,向那些聽(tīng)到我說(shuō)話并已獻(xiàn)身同一艱苦勞動(dòng)的男女青年致敬.他們中肯定有人有一天也會(huì)站到我現(xiàn)在站著的地方.
Ourtragedytodayisageneralanduniversalphysicalfearsolongsustainedbynowthatwecanevenbearit.Therearenolongerproblemsofthespirit.Thereisonlythequestion:WhenwillIbeblownup?Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottentheproblemsofthehumanheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout,worththeagonyandthesweat.
我們今天的悲劇是人們普遍存在一種生理上的恐懼,這種恐懼存在已久,以致我們能夠忍受下去了.現(xiàn)在再?zèng)]有精神上的問(wèn)題了.唯一的問(wèn)題是：我什么時(shí)候會(huì)被炸得粉身碎骨?正因?yàn)槿绱?今天從事寫(xiě)作的男女青年已經(jīng)忘記了人類(lèi)內(nèi)心的沖突.然而,只有接觸到這種內(nèi)心沖突才能產(chǎn)生出好作品,因?yàn)檫@是唯一值得寫(xiě),值得嘔心瀝血地去寫(xiě)的.
Hemustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthatthebasestofallthingsistobeafraid;and,teachinghimselfthat,forgetitforever,leavingnoroominhisworkshopforanythingbuttheoldveritiesandtruthsoftheheart,theolduniversaltruthslackingwhichanystoryisephemeralanddoomed--loveandhonorandpityandprideandcompassionandsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,helaborsunderacurse.Hewritesnotoflovebutoflust,ofdefeatsinwhichnobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,worstofall,withoutpityorcompassion.Hisgriefsgrieveonnouniversalbones,leavingnoscars.Hewritesnotoftheheartbutoftheglands.
他一定要重新認(rèn)識(shí)這些問(wèn)題.他必須使自己明白世間最可鄙的事情莫過(guò)于恐懼.他必須使自己永遠(yuǎn)忘卻恐懼,在他的工作室里除了心底古老的真理之外,不允許任何別的東西有容身之地.缺了這古老的普遍真理,任何小說(shuō)都只能曇花一現(xiàn),注定要失敗;這些真理就是愛(ài)情,榮譽(yù),憐憫,自尊,同情,犧牲等感情.若是他做不到這樣,他的力氣終歸白費(fèi).他不是寫(xiě)愛(ài)情而是寫(xiě)情欲,他寫(xiě)的失敗是沒(méi)有人感到失去可貴東西的失敗,他寫(xiě)的勝利是沒(méi)有希望,甚至沒(méi)有憐憫或同情的勝利.他不是為有普遍意義的死亡而悲傷,所以留不下深刻的痕跡.他不是在寫(xiě)心靈而是在寫(xiě)器官.
Untilherelearnsthesethings,hewillwriteasthoughhestoodamongandwatchedtheendofman.Ideclinetoaccepttheendofman.Itiseasyenoughtosaythatmanisimmortalsimplybecausehewillendure:thatwhenthelastding-dongofdoomhasclangedandfadedfromthelastworthlerockhangingtideleinthelastredanddyingevening,thateventhentherewillstillbeonemoresound:thatofhispunyinexhaustiblevoice,stilltalking.Irefusetoacceptthis.Ibelievethatmanwillnotmerelyendure:hewillprevail.Heisimmortal,notbecausehealoneamongcreatureshasaninexhaustiblevoice,butbecausehehasasoul,aspiritcapableofcompassionandsacrificeandendurance.
在他重新懂得這些之前,他寫(xiě)作時(shí),就猶如站在人類(lèi)末日中去觀察末日的來(lái)臨.我不接受人類(lèi)末日的手法.因?yàn)槿四軅鞣N接代而說(shuō)人是不朽的,這很容易.因?yàn)榧词棺詈笠淮午娐曇呀?jīng)消失,消失在再也沒(méi)有潮水沖刷,映在落日的余暉里,海上最后一塊無(wú)用的礁石之旁時(shí),還會(huì)有一個(gè)聲音,那就是人類(lèi)微弱的,不斷的說(shuō)話聲,這樣說(shuō)也很容易.但是我不能接受這種說(shuō)法.我相信人類(lèi)不僅能傳種接代,而且能戰(zhàn)勝一切.人之不朽不是因?yàn)樵趧?dòng)物中唯獨(dú)他能永遠(yuǎn)發(fā)出聲音,而是因?yàn)樗徐`魂,有同情心,有犧牲和忍耐精神.
Thepoet’s,thewriter's,dutyistowriteaboutthesethings.Itishisprivilegetohelpmanendurebyliftinghisheart,byremindinghimofthecourageandhonorandhopeandprideandcompassionandpityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.Thepoet'svoiceneednotmerelybetherecordofman,itcanbeoneoftheprops,thepillarstohelphimendureandprevail.
詩(shī)人和作家的責(zé)任就是把這些寫(xiě)出來(lái).詩(shī)人和作家的特殊光榮就是去鼓舞人的斗志,使人記住過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的光榮他曾有過(guò)的勇氣,榮譽(yù),希望,自尊,同情,憐憫與犧牲精神以達(dá)到不朽.詩(shī)人的聲音不應(yīng)只是人類(lèi)的紀(jì)錄,而應(yīng)是幫助人類(lèi)永存并得到勝利的支柱和棟梁.
GettysburgAddress
(1)Fourscoreandsevenyearsago,ourfathersbroughtforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceivedinliberty,anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar,testingwhetherthatnation,oranynationsoconceivedandsodedicated,canlongendure.Wearemetonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfield,asafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.Butinalargersense,wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallow—thisground.Thebravemen,livinganddead,whostruggledhere,haveconsecratedit,faraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote,norlongremember,whatwesayhere,butitcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforustheliving,rather,tobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheywhofoughtherehavethusfarsonoblyadvanced.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheygavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.
ByAbrahamLincoln
美國(guó)總統(tǒng)林肯葛底斯堡演講詞
八十七年前，我們的先輩們?cè)谶@個(gè)大陸上創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)新國(guó)家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生來(lái)平等的原則�，F(xiàn)在我們正從事一場(chǎng)偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，以考驗(yàn)這個(gè)國(guó)家，或者說(shuō)以考驗(yàn)任何一個(gè)孕育于自由而奉行上述原則的國(guó)家是否能夠長(zhǎng)久存在下去。我們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的一個(gè)偉大戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上集會(huì)。烈士們?yōu)槭惯@個(gè)國(guó)家能夠生存下去而獻(xiàn)出了自己的生命，我們?cè)诖思瘯?huì)是為了把這個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的一部分奉獻(xiàn)給他們作為最后安息之所。我們這樣做是完全應(yīng)該而且非常恰當(dāng)?shù)?但是，從更廣泛的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，這塊土地我們不能夠奉獻(xiàn)，我們不能夠圣化，我們不能夠神化。曾經(jīng)在這里戰(zhàn)斗過(guò)的勇士們，活著的和去世的，已經(jīng)把這塊土地神圣化了，這遠(yuǎn)不是我們微薄的力量所能增減的。全世界將很少注意到，也不會(huì)長(zhǎng)期地記起我們今天在這里所說(shuō)的話，但全世界永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記勇士們?cè)谶@里做過(guò)的事。勿寧說(shuō)，倒是我們這些還活著的人，應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻(xiàn)于勇士們已經(jīng)如此崇高地向前推進(jìn)但尚未完成的事業(yè)。倒是我們應(yīng)該在這里把自己奉獻(xiàn)于仍然留在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)，以便使我們從這些光榮的死者身上汲取更多的奉獻(xiàn)精神，來(lái)完成他們已經(jīng)完全徹底為之獻(xiàn)身的事業(yè)；以便使我們?cè)谶@里下定最大的決心，不讓這些死者們白白犧牲；以便使國(guó)家在上帝幅佑下得到自由的新生，并且使這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的政府永世長(zhǎng)存。
威廉�？思{諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)致辭
福克納的諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?lì)C獎(jiǎng)儀式上的致辭
我感到這份獎(jiǎng)賞不是授予我個(gè)人而是授予我的工作的，——授予我一生從事關(guān)于人類(lèi)精神的嘔心瀝血的工作。我從事這項(xiàng)工作，不是為名，更不是為利，而是為了從人的精神原料中創(chuàng)造出一些從前不曾有過(guò)的東西。因此，這份獎(jiǎng)金只不過(guò)是托我保管而已。作出符合這份獎(jiǎng)賞的原意與目的，與其獎(jiǎng)金部分有相等價(jià)值的獻(xiàn)詞并不難，但我還愿意利用這個(gè)時(shí)刻，利用這個(gè)舉世矚目的講壇，向那些可能聽(tīng)到我說(shuō)話并已獻(xiàn)身于同一艱苦勞動(dòng)的男、女青年致敬。他們中肯定有人有一天也會(huì)站到我現(xiàn)在站著的地方來(lái)的。我們今天的悲劇是人們普遍存在一種生理上的恐懼，這種恐懼存在已久，以致我們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了�，F(xiàn)在不存在精神上的問(wèn)題，唯一的問(wèn)題是：我什么時(shí)候會(huì)被炸得粉身碎骨？正因入此，今天從事寫(xiě)作的男、女青年已經(jīng)忘記了人類(lèi)內(nèi)心的沖突。然而，只有接觸到這種內(nèi)心沖突才能產(chǎn)生出好作品，因?yàn)檫@是唯一值得寫(xiě)、值得嘔心瀝血地去寫(xiě)地題材。他一定要重新認(rèn)識(shí)這些問(wèn)題。他必須使自己明白世間最可鄙的事情莫過(guò)于恐懼。他必須使自己永遠(yuǎn)忘卻恐懼，在他的工作室里除了心底古老的真理之外，不允許任何別的東西有容身之地。沒(méi)有這古老的普遍真理，任何小說(shuō)都只能曇花一現(xiàn)，不會(huì)成功；這些真理就是愛(ài)情、榮譽(yù)、憐憫、自尊、同情與犧牲等感情。若是他做不到這樣，他的氣力終歸白費(fèi)。他不是寫(xiě)愛(ài)情而是寫(xiě)情欲，他寫(xiě)的失敗是沒(méi)有人失去可貴東西的失敗，他寫(xiě)的勝利是沒(méi)有希望、更糟地是，甚至沒(méi)有憐憫或同情的勝利。他不是為遍地白骨而悲傷，所以留不下深刻的痕跡。他不是在寫(xiě)心靈而是在寫(xiě)器官。在他重新懂得這些之前，他寫(xiě)作時(shí)，就猶如站在處于世界末日的人類(lèi)中去觀察末日的來(lái)臨。我不接受人類(lèi)末日的說(shuō)法。因人能傳種接代而說(shuō)人是不朽的，這很容易。說(shuō)即使最后一次鐘聲已經(jīng)消失，消失在再也沒(méi)有潮水沖刷的映在落日余暉里的海上的最后一塊無(wú)用礁石旁時(shí)，還會(huì)有一個(gè)聲音，人類(lèi)微弱的、不斷的說(shuō)話聲，這也很容易。但是我不能接受這種說(shuō)法。我相信人類(lèi)不僅能傳種接代，而且能戰(zhàn)勝一切而永存。人之不朽不是因?yàn)樵趧?dòng)物中惟獨(dú)他永遠(yuǎn)能發(fā)言，而是因?yàn)樗徐`魂，有同情心、有犧牲和忍耐精神。詩(shī)人和作家的責(zé)任就是把這些寫(xiě)出來(lái)。詩(shī)人和作家的特殊光榮就是去鼓舞人的斗志，使人記住過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有過(guò)的光榮——人類(lèi)曾有過(guò)的勇氣、榮譽(yù)、希望、自尊、同情、憐憫與犧牲精神——已達(dá)到不朽。詩(shī)人的聲音不應(yīng)只是人類(lèi)的記錄，而應(yīng)是使人類(lèi)永存并得到勝利的支柱和棟梁。NobelPrizeAcceptanceSpeech/WilliamFaulkner
Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman,buttomywork--alife'sworkintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit,notforgloryandleastofallforprofit,buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomethingwhichdidnotexistbefore.Sothisawardisonlymineintrust.Itwillnotbedifficulttofindadedicationforthemoneypartofitcommensuratewiththepurposeandsignificanceofitsorigin.ButIwouldliketodothesamewiththeacclaimtoo,byusingthismomentasapinnaclefromwhichImightbelistenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadydedicate
dtothesameanguishandtravail,amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandherewhereIamstanding.
Ourtragedytodayisageneralanduniversalphysicalfearsolongsustainedbynowthatwecanevenbearit.Therearenolongerproblemsofthespirit.Thereisonlythequestion:WhenwillIbeblownup?Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottentheproblemsofthehumanheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout,worththeagonyandthesweat.
Hemustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthatthebasestofallthingsistobeafraid;and,teachinghimselfthat,forgetitforever,leavingnoroominhisworkshopforanythingbuttheoldveritiesandtruthsoftheheart,theolduniversaltruthslackingwhichanystoryisephemeralanddoomed--loveandhonorandpityandprideandcompassionandsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,helaborsunderacurse.Hewritesnotoflovebutoflust,ofdefeatsinwhichnobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,worstofall,withoutpityorcompassion.Hisgriefsgrieveonnouniversalbones,leavingnoscars.Hewritesnotoftheheartbutoftheglands.Untilherelearnsthesethings,hewillwriteasthoughhestoodamongandwatchedtheendofman.Ideclinetoaccepttheendofman.Itiseasyenoughtosaythatmanisimmortalsimplybecausehewillendure:thatwhenthelastding-dongofdoomhasclangedandfadedfromthelastworthlerockhangingtideleinthelastredanddyingevening,thateventhentherewillstillbeonemoresound:thatofhispunyinexhaustiblevoice,stilltalking.Irefusetoacceptthis.Ibelievethatmanwillnotmerelyendure:hewillprevail.Heisimmortal,notbecausehealoneamongcreatureshasaninexhaustiblevoice,butbecausehehasasoul,aspiritcapableofcompassionandsacrificeandendurance.
Thepoet's,thewriter's,dutyistowriteaboutthesethings.Itishisprivilegetohelpmanendurebyliftinghisheart,byremindinghimofthecourageandhonorandhopeandprideandcompassionandpityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.Thepoet'svoiceneednotmerelybetherecordofman,itcanbeoneoftheprops,thepillarstohelphimendureandprevail.
鼎力推薦�？思{諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)致辭
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�？思{諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)致辭
(WilliamFaulkner:NobelPrizeAcceptanceSpeech)
不管在什么地方，只要談到美國(guó)文學(xué)，人們都認(rèn)為威廉·�？思{是二十世紀(jì)最偉大的作家之一。他是美國(guó)“南方文學(xué)”派的創(chuàng)始人，也是整個(gè)西方最有影響的現(xiàn)代派小說(shuō)家之一。他的代表作品有《喧嘩與騷動(dòng)》、《八月之光》等等。
福克納從小生長(zhǎng)在美國(guó)南方，年輕時(shí)曾在當(dāng)?shù)剜]政局做過(guò)一陣不太負(fù)責(zé)任的局長(zhǎng)，后因玩忽職守而被辭退。他游歷過(guò)許多地方，但最終依然回到美國(guó)南方，并且所有的作品都以南方為背景。1949年，因?yàn)椤八麑?duì)當(dāng)代美國(guó)小說(shuō)作出了強(qiáng)有力的和藝術(shù)上無(wú)與倫比的貢獻(xiàn)”，�？思{獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。
本片演講的內(nèi)容，是�？思{在一九四九年度諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)時(shí)所作的答辭。這是一篇膾炙人口的演講詞。然而，由于�？思{本人對(duì)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的獨(dú)特性和精深性。對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這篇美文也許頗有些難度。
Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman,buttomywork--alife'sworkintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit,notforgloryandleastofallforprofit,buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomethingwhichdidnotexistbefore.
我感覺(jué)，這個(gè)獎(jiǎng)不是授予我這個(gè)人，而是授予我的工作，它是對(duì)我嘔心瀝血、畢生從事的人類(lèi)精神探索的工作的肯定。我的這項(xiàng)工作不為名，更不圖利，而是要從人類(lèi)精神的原始素材里創(chuàng)造出前所未有的東西。
演講全文：NobelPrizeAcceptanceSpeech/WilliamFaulkner
Ifeelthatthisawardwasnotmadetomeasaman,buttomywork--alife'sworkintheagonyandsweatofthehumanspirit,notforgloryandleastofallforprofit,buttocreateoutofthematerialsofthehumanspiritsomethingwhichdidnotexistbefore.Sothisawardisonlymineintrust.Itwillnotbedifficulttofindadedicationforthemoneypartofitcommensuratewiththepurposeandsignificanceofitsorigin.ButIwouldliketodothesamewiththeacclaimtoo,byusingthismomentasapinnaclefromwhichImightbelistenedtobytheyoungmenandwomenalreadydedicatedtothesameanguishandtravail,amongwhomisalreadythatonewhowillsomedaystandherewhereIamstanding.
Ourtragedytodayisageneralanduniversalphysicalfearsolongsustainedbynowthatwecanevenbearit.Therearenolongerproblemsofthespirit.Thereisonlythequestion:WhenwillIbeblownup?Becauseofthis,theyoungmanorwomanwritingtodayhasforgottentheproblemsofthehumanheartinconflictwithitselfwhichalonecanmakegoodwritingbecauseonlythatisworthwritingabout,worththeagonyandthesweat.
Hemustlearnthemagain.Hemustteachhimselfthatthebasestofallthingsistobeafraid;and,teachinghimselfthat,forgetitforever,leavingnoroominhisworkshopforanythingbuttheoldveritiesandtruthsoftheheart,theolduniversaltruthslackingwhichanystoryisephemeralanddoomed--loveandhonorandpityandprideandcompassionandsacrifice.Untilhedoesso,helaborsunderacurse.Hewritesnotoflovebutoflust,ofdefeatsinwhichnobodylosesanythingofvalue,ofvictorieswithouthopeand,worstofall,withoutpityorcompassion.Hisgriefsgrieveonnouniversalbones,leavingnoscars.Hewritesnotoftheheartbutoftheglands.
Untilherelearnsthesethings,hewillwriteasthoughhestoodamongandwatchedtheendofman.Ideclinetoaccepttheendofman.Itiseasyenoughtosaythatmanisimmortalsimplybecausehewillendure:thatwhen
thelastding-dongofdoomhasclangedandfadedfromthelastworthlerockhangingtideleinthelastredanddyingevening,thateventhentherewillstillbeonemoresound:thatofhispunyinexhaustiblevoice,stilltalking.Irefusetoacceptthis.Ibelievethatmanwillnotmerelyendure:hewillprevail.Heisimmortal,notbecausehealoneamongcreatureshasaninexhaustiblevoice,butbecausehehasasoul,aspiritcapableofcompassionandsacrificeandendurance.
Thepoet's,thewriter's,dutyistowriteaboutthesethings.Itishisprivilegetohelpmanendurebyliftinghisheart,byremindinghimofthecourageandhonorandhopeandprideandcompassionandpityandsacrificewhichhavebeenthegloryofhispast.Thepoet'svoiceneednotmerelybetherecordofman,itcanbeoneoftheprops,thepillarstohelphimendureandprevail.