英語(yǔ)四級(jí)改錯(cuò)題考點(diǎn):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指在句子中充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,有行為動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等幾種,其中行為動(dòng)詞又包括及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的概念.兩者都是動(dòng)詞,但是前者是作謂語(yǔ)成分,后者不能作謂語(yǔ)成分.而謂語(yǔ)成分就是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的,一般由動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞承擔(dān).
一、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致
、、主謂分割原則
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析:C錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為symbolizes。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用逗號(hào)分割開(kāi),主語(yǔ)the bald eagle為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。
、凇⑴c后者一致原則
not…but, 強(qiáng)調(diào)but后面的名詞,
not only…but also
、邸⑴c前者一致原則
名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用is,
中心詞在前面,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與前面的名詞保持一致
例:The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析:D錯(cuò),與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與the athlete 保持一致,改為is
④、就近原則
or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數(shù)名詞+or+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are
如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句,也就是把be動(dòng)詞提到前面,那么變?yōu)閕s
所以注意一點(diǎn): 如果是陳述句,靠后面近,用復(fù)數(shù)
如果是疑問(wèn)句,靠前面近,用單數(shù)
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析:A錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為and。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷,主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù),or連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞和后面的名詞保持一致,behavior是用單數(shù)形式,因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數(shù)上保持一致。
、荻ㄕZ(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)就近原則
There are five apples that are red.
apples是復(fù)數(shù),因此從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)。
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析:D錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)a supply為單數(shù),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)形式。
、辴he +形容詞主謂一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類(lèi)人,應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)
、、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯(cuò)題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況:
a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞,那么最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞,名詞其實(shí)是主語(yǔ),所以be和名詞保持一致
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析:there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式,society當(dāng)然用單數(shù),A錯(cuò),there are 改為there is
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析:倒裝句,are改為is
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析:D錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為films , 主語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是名詞,應(yīng)該與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致。
、、百分比結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和百分比多少?zèng)]有關(guān)系,主要取決于后面的名詞,比如:
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這里要強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數(shù)名詞 + are
most of + 不可數(shù)名詞+ is
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析:C錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為have been。介詞of的賓語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)的中心詞half當(dāng)然表復(fù)數(shù),相應(yīng)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析:A錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為packages。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式判斷出主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。注意food用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類(lèi)的食品,beverage用復(fù)數(shù)表示不同種類(lèi)的飲料,故(C)、(D)均沒(méi)有錯(cuò)
二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
、佟⒅饕疾鞎r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
A B C D
分析:Metal, aluminum同位語(yǔ),in the nineteenth century為明顯表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ), 因此應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),把has been改為was
②、For和since的區(qū)別
區(qū)別一:For 后面使用時(shí)間段,since 后面使用時(shí)間點(diǎn)
區(qū)別二:Since 只能用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),F(xiàn)or 最主要用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)
I has been a teacher for three years.
I has been a teacher since 1996.
I was a teacher for three years. 這種表達(dá)可以,for three years表示一段時(shí)間,was 表示過(guò)去做了三年,現(xiàn)在不是老師了
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
A B
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
分析:A錯(cuò),應(yīng)改 In. since一般要求主句用完成時(shí)態(tài),而句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式,其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)與之呼應(yīng),故改Since為In。
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
分析:D錯(cuò),應(yīng)改為for。since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般完成時(shí);主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)要用介詞for;而且一段時(shí)間用for, 而不是since。
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
A B C D
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