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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作指導(dǎo)：倒裝句的用法
倒裝是一種語(yǔ)法手段，用于表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)或強(qiáng)調(diào)某一句子成分。如果謂語(yǔ)在主語(yǔ)前面, 就是倒裝語(yǔ)序，倒裝語(yǔ)序又分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。下面是小編精心整理的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作指導(dǎo)：倒裝句的用法，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)寫作指導(dǎo)：倒裝句的用法
在全部倒裝的句子中, 整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)都放在主語(yǔ)的前面:
Here are some registered letters for you.
In came a man with a white beard.
在部分倒裝的句子中只是謂語(yǔ)中的一部分(如助動(dòng)詞, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 或系動(dòng)詞be等)放在主語(yǔ)前面, 其余部分仍在主語(yǔ)后面:
Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.
I couldn’t answer the question. Nor could anyone else in our class.
Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.
以neither, nor, so等開始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所說(shuō)情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所說(shuō)情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句), 助動(dòng)詞或be置于主語(yǔ)前.
“We must start for the work-site now”. “ So must we.”
I am quite willing to help and so are the others.
He didn’t drop any hint. Nor (Neither) did his secretary.
“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor (Neither) will I.”
如果一個(gè)句子只是重復(fù)前面一句話的意思, 盡管是用so開頭, 語(yǔ)序也不要顛倒.
“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.”
“Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”
當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定詞或有否定意義的詞語(yǔ)時(shí), 一般引起部分倒裝.
No longer are they staying with us.
No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.
Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.
表示位置或方向的副詞提前, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為 go, come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞而主語(yǔ)又較長(zhǎng)時(shí), 通常用全部倒裝:
There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.
The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.
There comes the bus!
Now comes your turn.
1.如果主語(yǔ)是代詞, 仍用正常語(yǔ)序:
There comes your turn.
有here引起, 謂語(yǔ)為be的句子, 也要倒裝:
Here is China’s largest tropical forest.
Here are some picture-books.
2.如果主語(yǔ)是代詞, 仍用正常語(yǔ)序:
Here we are. This is the new railway station.
“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”
3.表語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞提前:
介詞短語(yǔ): On the other side was northern Xinjiang.
Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.
形容詞: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.
Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.
副詞: Below is a restaurant.
Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.
分詞: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.
Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.
Standing beside the table was an interpreter.
4 句首狀語(yǔ)若由 only + 副詞, only + 介詞詞組, only + 狀語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成, 引起局部倒裝:
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.
Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.
Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.
有not only開頭的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒裝:
Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法倒裝句的用法
一、倒裝句的意義
1. 適應(yīng)一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，主要是指疑問(wèn)句句型結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。
e.g. May I come in?
Was the People's Liberation Army founded in 1927?
2. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一部分，而把這部分放到句首，構(gòu)成倒裝。
e.g. Never have I been late for school this term.
So early did he come to school that no other students came.
二、倒裝的使用情況
1. 在“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)里，there是引導(dǎo)詞，主語(yǔ)在be后。
e.g. There is a box on the table.
2. 在疑問(wèn)句中。
e.g. Is she singing in the classroom?
What does your mother do?
3. 在here， there等副詞開頭的某些句子里(要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài))。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，主語(yǔ)和主要?jiǎng)釉~的詞序不變。(完全倒裝)
e.g. There goes the bell.
Here is an apple for you.
There she comes.
4. 重復(fù)倒裝句型，用在以so， nor， neither開頭，表示謂語(yǔ)所述的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或一事物的肯定或否定句中。so用于肯定句，表示“也一樣”“也這樣”;nor， neither用于否定句，表示“同樣也不，也不這樣”。
e.g. I am watching TV. So is she.
My parents didn't watch TV last night. Neither (Nor) did I.
5. 直接引語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí)，主句中的主謂也常直接倒裝。(完全倒裝)
e.g. "Very well，" said the French student.
"Bring me two eggs and a cup of tea， please." said he.
6. 在以never， little， hardly， not only， few， not， seldom等否定副詞開頭的句子中，采用部分倒裝。如不放在句首就不要倒裝。
e.g. Little did he say at the meeting.
Never shall I forget the day when I joined the Army.
比較：I shall never forget the day when I joined the Army.
7. 用于以only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句的句子中。
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