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等級(jí)考試

4月12日托?荚囬喿x真題及解析

時(shí)間:2025-01-22 04:19:49 俊豪 等級(jí)考試 我要投稿
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2024年4月12日托福考試閱讀真題及解析

  在學(xué)習(xí)、工作中,我們經(jīng)常跟試題打交道,試題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫(xiě)出來(lái)的。什么類型的試題才能有效幫助到我們呢?以下是小編整理的2024年4月12日托福考試閱讀真題及解析,僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。

2024年4月12日托福考試閱讀真題及解析

  Passage 1:The History of Printing

  內(nèi)容概述:

  本文主要講述了印刷術(shù)的歷史發(fā)展。首先介紹了印刷術(shù)發(fā)明前書(shū)籍的復(fù)制方式,即手抄,這種方式效率低下且成本高。接著闡述了古登堡印刷術(shù)的出現(xiàn)及影響,包括使得書(shū)籍的數(shù)量大幅增加、價(jià)格降低,知識(shí)得以更廣泛傳播,對(duì)歐洲的文化、教育和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的變革。

  題目及答案:

  1. 印刷術(shù)發(fā)明前書(shū)籍復(fù)制的主要方式是什么?

  答案:手抄。

  2. 古登堡印刷術(shù)的主要影響是什么?

  答案:書(shū)籍?dāng)?shù)量增加、價(jià)格降低、知識(shí)廣泛傳播,對(duì)歐洲文化、教育和社會(huì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)變革。

  解析:

  文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,按照時(shí)間順序介紹了印刷術(shù)的發(fā)展歷程。在回答問(wèn)題時(shí),需要準(zhǔn)確把握文章中的關(guān)鍵信息,如印刷術(shù)發(fā)明前后的對(duì)比,以及古登堡印刷術(shù)帶來(lái)的具體影響。

  Passage 2:The Behavior of Ants

  內(nèi)容概述:

  此篇文章圍繞螞蟻的行為展開(kāi)。講述了螞蟻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu),包括不同類型螞蟻的分工,如工蟻負(fù)責(zé)覓食、照顧幼蟲(chóng)等,蟻后負(fù)責(zé)繁殖。還介紹了螞蟻之間的通訊方式,主要通過(guò)化學(xué)信號(hào)進(jìn)行交流,以及它們?cè)趯ふ沂澄锖徒⒊惭ǚ矫娴男袨樘攸c(diǎn)。

  題目及答案:

  1. 螞蟻社會(huì)中工蟻的主要職責(zé)是什么?

  答案:覓食、照顧幼蟲(chóng)等。

  2. 螞蟻之間的通訊方式是什么?

  答案:通過(guò)化學(xué)信號(hào)交流。

  解析:

  理解螞蟻的行為特點(diǎn)需要對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行梳理。對(duì)于螞蟻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和通訊方式的描述,要注意關(guān)鍵詞的提取,以便準(zhǔn)確回答問(wèn)題。

  Passage 3:The Formation of Volcanoes

  內(nèi)容概述:

  文章主要探討了火山的形成。介紹了火山的不同類型,如盾狀火山、錐狀火山等,以及它們形成的原因。解釋了板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)、地幔柱等地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象與火山形成的關(guān)系,還提到了火山噴發(fā)帶來(lái)的影響,既有破壞性的一面,如破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境、威脅人類生命安全,也有建設(shè)性的一面,如形成新的土地和豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源。

  題目及答案:

  1. 火山有哪些主要類型?

  答案:盾狀火山、錐狀火山等。

  2. 火山形成的原因有哪些?

  答案:板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)、地幔柱等。

  解析:

  在理解火山形成的過(guò)程中,需要對(duì)地質(zhì)術(shù)語(yǔ)有一定的了解;卮饐(wèn)題時(shí),要結(jié)合文章中對(duì)不同類型火山和形成原因的具體描述,進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確歸納。

  【2015年4月12日托?荚囬喿x真題及解析】

  第一篇:

  題材劃分: 建筑類

  主要內(nèi)容:該篇文章主要講解日本建筑風(fēng)格及其建造技術(shù)的變化。第一段介紹背景,日本的統(tǒng)治者不僅和自己的家族有聯(lián)系,也和其配偶的家族相關(guān)。第二段講到以前的建筑容易腐蝕,由于當(dāng)時(shí)政治和建筑材料的問(wèn)題,日本統(tǒng)治者頻繁的更換住址,就會(huì)繼續(xù)使用能用的材料,其余的燒掉。第三段提到費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,難以把人和物資集中起來(lái),但是由于集權(quán)擴(kuò)大,并且欣賞其他國(guó)家,比如中國(guó)的建筑,日本統(tǒng)治者需要建立能夠居住更久的建筑。所以最后建筑師慢慢的形成了compromise, 既有舊時(shí)風(fēng)格的建筑,又有像宮殿類的建筑出現(xiàn)。

  第二篇

  題材劃分: 天文類

  主要內(nèi)容:該篇文章主要講解太陽(yáng)系的起源。大部分科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)系是由large nebulous形成的,nebulous大部分是由氫氦,以及其他一些重元素組成的?赡苡捎5億年前的supernova產(chǎn)生了shock wave,nebulous形成了溫度極高的pre-sun,之后其他星球慢慢形成。文章也提到了inner planets 和outer planets,其中outer planets由于離太陽(yáng)較遠(yuǎn),溫度低,有較多的冰。

  第三篇

  題材劃分:生態(tài)類

  主要內(nèi)容:講解太平洋上的兩種島嶼,一個(gè)是本身就有的,另一個(gè)是由于地址形成的,比如火山島,之后講解了兩個(gè)島嶼上的物種多樣化,影響島嶼上物種多樣化的因素有l(wèi)and size, 經(jīng)度(越往東,隔離物種越少),緯度(緯度高的不容易有熱帶島嶼),以及風(fēng)。有些島嶼雖然比較偏遠(yuǎn),但是也形成了獨(dú)特的物種。

  第一篇:

  題材劃分: 建筑類

  主要內(nèi)容:該篇文章主要講解日本建筑風(fēng)格及其建造技術(shù)的變化。第一段介紹背景,日本的統(tǒng)治者不僅和自己的家族有聯(lián)系,也和其配偶的家族相關(guān)。第二段講到以前的建筑容易腐蝕,由于當(dāng)時(shí)政治和建筑材料的問(wèn)題,日本統(tǒng)治者頻繁的更換住址,就會(huì)繼續(xù)使用能用的材料,其余的燒掉。第三段提到費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力,難以把人和物資集中起來(lái),但是由于集權(quán)擴(kuò)大,并且欣賞其他國(guó)家,比如中國(guó)的建筑,日本統(tǒng)治者需要建立能夠居住更久的建筑。所以最后建筑師慢慢的形成了compromise, 既有舊時(shí)風(fēng)格的建筑,又有像宮殿類的建筑出現(xiàn)。

  相似TPO練習(xí)推薦:

  TPO 03:Architecture

  相關(guān)知識(shí)背景:

  Japanese architecture has traditionally been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding doors were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space to be customized for different occasions. People usually sat on cushions or otherwise on the floor, traditionally; chairs and high tables were not widely used until the 20th century. Since the 19th century, however, Japan has incorporated much of Western, modern, and post-modern architecture into construction and design, and is today a leader in cutting-edge architectural design and technology.

  The earliest Japanese architecture was seen in prehistoric times in simple pit-houses and stores that were adapted to a hunter-gatherer population. Influence from Han Dynasty China via Korea saw the introduction of more complex grain stores and ceremonial burial chambers. The introduction into Japan of Buddhism in the sixth century was a catalyst for large-scale temple building using complicated techniques in wood. Influence from the Chinese Tang and Sui Dynasties led to the foundation of the first permanent capital in Nara. Its checkerboard street layout used the Chinese capital of Changan as a template for its design. A gradual increase in the size of buildings led to standard units of measurement as well as refinements in layout and garden design. The introduction of the tea ceremony emphasised simplicity and modest design as a counterpoint to the excesses of the aristocracy.

  During the Meiji Restoration of 1868 the history of Japanese architecture was radically changed by two important events. The first was the Kami and Buddhas Separation Act of 1868, which formally separated Buddhism from Shinto and Buddhist temples from Shinto shrines, breaking an association between the two which had lasted well over a thousand years and causing, directly and indirectly, immense damage to the nations architecture.

  Second, it was then that Japan underwent a period of intense Westernization in order to compete with other developed countries. Initially architects and styles from abroad were imported to Japan but gradually the country taught its own architects and began to express its own style. Architects returning from study with western architects introduced the International Style of modernism into Japan. However, it was not until after the Second World War that Japanese architects made an impression on the international scene, firstly with the work of architects like Kenzo Tange and then with theoretical movements like Metabolism.

  第二篇

  題材劃分: 天文類

  主要內(nèi)容:該篇文章主要講解太陽(yáng)系的起源。大部分科學(xué)家認(rèn)為太陽(yáng)系是由large nebulous形成的,nebulous大部分是由氫氦,以及其他一些重元素組成的。可能由于5億年前的supernova產(chǎn)生了shock wave,nebulous形成了溫度極高的pre-sun,之后其他星球慢慢形成。文章也提到了inner planets 和outer planets,其中outer planets由于離太陽(yáng)較遠(yuǎn),溫度低,有較多的冰。

  相似TPO練習(xí)推薦:

  TPO 22:The Allende Meteorite

  相關(guān)知識(shí)背景:

  The Solar System comprises the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of those objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets that form the planetary system around it, while the remainder are significantly smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSBs) such as comets and asteroids.

  The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the systems mass is in the Sun, with most of the remaining mass contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, also called the terrestrial planets, are primarily composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets, the giant planets, are substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest, the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn, are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost planets, the ice giants Uranus and Neptune, are composed largely of substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen and helium, called ices, such as water, ammonia and methane. All planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc called the ecliptic.

  The Solar System also contains smaller objects. The asteroid belt, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, mostly contains objects composed, like the terrestrial planets, of rock and metal. Beyond Neptunes orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices, and beyond them a newly discovered population of sednoids. Within these populations are several dozen to possibly tens of thousands of objects large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity. Such objects are categorized as dwarf planets. Identified dwarf planets include the asteroid Ceres and the trans-Neptunian objects Pluto and Eris. In addition to these two regions, various other small-body populations, including comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust, freely travel between regions. Six of the planets, at least three of the dwarf planets, and many of the smaller bodies are orbited by natural satellites, usually termed “moons” after Earth’s Moon. Each of the outer planets is enriched by planetary rings of dust and other small objects.

  The solar wind, plasma flowing outwards from the Sun, creates a bubble in the interstellar medium known as the heliosphere. The heliopause is the point at which pressure from the solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of interstellar wind; it extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The Ort cloud, which is believed to be the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a distance roughly a thousand times further than the heliosphere. The Solar System is located in the Orion Arm, 26,000 light years from the center of the Milky Way.

  第三篇

  題材劃分:生態(tài)類

  主要內(nèi)容:講解太平洋上的兩種島嶼,一個(gè)是本身就有的,另一個(gè)是由于地址形成的,比如火山島,之后講解了兩個(gè)島嶼上的物種多樣化,影響島嶼上物種多樣化的因素有l(wèi)and size, 經(jīng)度(越往東,隔離物種越少),緯度(緯度高的不容易有熱帶島嶼),以及風(fēng)。有些島嶼雖然比較偏遠(yuǎn),但是也形成了獨(dú)特的物種。

  相似TPO練習(xí)推薦:

  TPO32 Plant Colonization

  相關(guān)知識(shí)背景:

  Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on earth. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.

  Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. Although more than 99 percent of all species that ever lived on the planet are estimated to be extinct, there are currently 10–14 million species of life on the Earth.

  The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.

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