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公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)閱讀理解文章《肌肉和人體》
公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試，英語(yǔ)閱讀理解是重點(diǎn)，考生在備考時(shí)，一定要留意對(duì)閱讀理解的練習(xí)。下面，小編為大家送上一篇公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)閱讀理解文章，供大家參考。
Body It is in the joints of the human body that movements of the bones take place. The movement itself is caused by the pull of sheets and cords of very tough tissue called muscle. Muscle tissue has the special ability to shorten itself so that the bone on which it pulls has to move. When muscle tissue shortens, it also bunches up. Muscle tissue covers the body in sheets and bands that lie between the skin and the skeleton. The bones are the framework of the body, but the muscles fill out the body shape. Most muscles extend from one bone to another. When the muscle between the bones shortens, one bone has to move. The point where the muscle is fastened to the unmoving bone is called the origin of the muscle, whereas the point where the muscle is not fastened to the bone that is to be moved is called the insertion. Sometimes the muscle is not attached directly to the bone but to a tough, nonstretchable cord, or tendon, that is attached to the bone. Muscles do not push; they can only pull. To bend the arm at the elbow, the muscle at the front of the upper arm has to shorten and bunch up. To unbend the arm other muscles in the back of the arm have to shorten. These two sets of muscles - the front and the back - are said to act in opposition to each other. When one set is working, the other set is usually relaxed. But there are times when both of them work. Sometimes muscles are called upon to do more than simply pull in one direction. They may have to perform a turning motion. To be able to do this, the muscle must be attached to the bone at an angle. By pulling, the muscle can cause the bone to pivot. A few muscles have special functions. The diaphragm, for example, forces the lungs to take in air. This part of breathing is not primarily a bone moving operation.
骨骼運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)生在人體的關(guān)節(jié)部位。這種運(yùn)動(dòng)是由稱(chēng)為肌肉的片狀或條狀的強(qiáng)韌組織拖動(dòng)而引起的。肌肉組織有一種特殊的收縮能力，可以帶動(dòng)與之相連的骨骼。肌肉在收縮的同時(shí)，也會(huì)聚成團(tuán)。肌肉以條狀或片狀形式布滿(mǎn)全身，存在于皮膚與骨架之間。骨骼是身體的支架，而肌肉則構(gòu)成了人的體形。大多數(shù)肌肉接兩塊骨頭，但當(dāng)肌肉收縮時(shí)只有一塊骨頭運(yùn)動(dòng)。肌肉與不動(dòng)骨相連的一端叫肌起端，與動(dòng)骨相連的一端叫附著端。有些肌肉不與骨骼直接相連，而是連著附在骨骼上的不能收縮的帶狀組織或腱上。肌肉不能推動(dòng)而只能拉動(dòng)骨骼。要從肘部彎曲手臂，就要收縮上臂正面的肌肉。要伸直手臂，背面的肌肉就得收縮。這兩組肌肉，正面的和背面的，稱(chēng)為相反運(yùn)動(dòng)肌肉。當(dāng)一組工作時(shí)，另一組就休息。但有時(shí)它們也一起工作。有時(shí)我們要求肌肉不僅僅做簡(jiǎn)單的單向拖動(dòng)。它們需要轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。但只有當(dāng)肌肉與骨骼形成一定角度時(shí)，它們才能轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，從而拖動(dòng)骨骼繞某個(gè)軸旋轉(zhuǎn)。有幾塊肌肉的作用較特殊，例如隔膜肌。它帶動(dòng)肺部吸入空氣。呼吸基本上不是骨骼運(yùn)動(dòng)帶動(dòng)的。
附：公共英語(yǔ)三級(jí)閱讀理解是非題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)有三種情況：
1.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的信息集中在一、二個(gè)句子里。這種是非題比較容易做。只要找到相關(guān)句，細(xì)細(xì)讀一下就不難選定正確答案。
2.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的信息集中在一段里。這樣查讀的范圍要大一些，但還是比較容易的。驗(yàn)證一個(gè)，排除一個(gè)，答案就出來(lái)了。
3.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的信息分散在全文。這種是非題就比較難做，因?yàn)橐^多的時(shí)間去找各個(gè)相關(guān)句，一一去查證。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，應(yīng)首先把四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看一遍，根據(jù)第一遍讀的印象和基本常識(shí)，盡可能先排除掉一、二個(gè)，以減少查的選項(xiàng)。實(shí)在排除不了，需要到文章中去一一查證的，次序也應(yīng)從易到難，即從印象最深的，相關(guān)句最易找的，最容易證實(shí)的那個(gè)選項(xiàng)開(kāi)始查。
由于時(shí)間關(guān)系，要到全文中去一一查證四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，效率太低。因此我們還可以首先對(duì)所有選項(xiàng)作一分析，根據(jù)常理，根據(jù)自己的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，看看哪一選項(xiàng)最有可能是答案。如問(wèn)哪一個(gè)true，就把四個(gè)中最可能正確的一項(xiàng)挑出來(lái)首先去查證;如問(wèn)哪一個(gè)NOT true，就把四個(gè)中最可能是錯(cuò)誤的一項(xiàng)挑出來(lái)首先去查證。用這一方法，最多查證兩項(xiàng)，答案就會(huì)出來(lái)。
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