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全國(guó)公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試備考材料
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1) I was scared of leaving the protective bubble of this place for places unknown,during uncertain economic times.
在經(jīng)濟(jì)不穩(wěn)定的年代，我害怕離開(kāi)這里的保護(hù)罩到未知的地方去。
2) You are the only one who can answer that,But what I can offer as guidance,and reassurance,is a story:the story of one Stanford graduate's process of stumbling and searching to find a place in the world,oftentimes in the face of her fears.
你是僅僅一個(gè)可以回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題的人，但是我能夠講一個(gè)故事為你提供引導(dǎo)使你放心：這是一位斯坦福大學(xué)畢業(yè)生在社會(huì)上摸爬滾打以爭(zhēng)得一席之地的故事，盡管她一直面對(duì)恐懼。
3) The philosophics and ideologies themselves certainly left an impression on me.But the rigor of the distillation process,the exercise of refinement,that's where the real learning happened.
這些哲理和思想的確給我留下了深刻印象,但嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)奶釤掃^(guò)程和不斷的改進(jìn)加工才是我真正學(xué)習(xí)到的東西.
4)When you graduate from here,you exit with thousands of pages of personal text on which are inscribed beliefs and values shaped by years of education,family interactions,relationship,experience.
當(dāng)你從這里畢業(yè)時(shí),你會(huì)帶著數(shù)千頁(yè)的個(gè)人紀(jì)錄走出校門(mén),在這些記錄上,是你多年來(lái)受教育,家庭,社會(huì)關(guān)系以及個(gè)人經(jīng)歷影響而形成的信念和價(jià)值觀.
5)I had convinced myself that my analytic mind and my Stanford humanities degree were enough to guell the fear.
我已確信我善于分析的頭腦和斯坦福大學(xué)的人文學(xué)科的學(xué)位足以平息我的恐懼.
6) We all know that normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours' wakefulness and that,broadly speaking,the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.
我們都清楚正常人每天的活動(dòng)周期是大約7-8個(gè)小時(shí)睡眠和16-17個(gè)小時(shí)清醒輪流相互交替，我么也知道，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，睡眠常在夜間進(jìn)行。
7) The case ,for example,with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines.
例如有種情況，自動(dòng)化工廠要求持續(xù)24小時(shí)的機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，因此日夜顛倒上班成了一個(gè)越來(lái)越重要的問(wèn)題。
8) This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.
這說(shuō)明他剛適應(yīng)一種工作規(guī)律就又得轉(zhuǎn)向另一種工作規(guī)律,因此在他大部分時(shí)間里,休息和工作的效率很低.
9) One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift,a month,or even three months.
一個(gè)解決的方法似乎是每次換班持續(xù)的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)些,可以一個(gè)月甚至三個(gè)月?lián)Q一次班.
10) The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays.
唯一能解決問(wèn)題的方法是將夜班交給一些長(zhǎng)期從事夜間工作的人,,他們?cè)谥苣┖图倨谝廊粫?huì)保持警醒狀態(tài).
11) The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire,although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.
在人類文明發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中，最初的兩個(gè)階段可能是原始武器的發(fā)明和火的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但沒(méi)有人確切的知道，人類是在什么時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)利用火的。
12) Animal have a few cries that serve as signals,but even the highest apes haven't been found able to pronounce words,even with the most intensive professional instructions.
動(dòng)物會(huì)發(fā)出幾種叫聲作為信號(hào)，然而人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是最高級(jí)的猿經(jīng)過(guò)強(qiáng)化的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練也不能說(shuō)出話來(lái)。
13) Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practised.
在農(nóng)業(yè)繁榮的地區(qū)，農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展使當(dāng)?shù)厝丝诘臄?shù)量大幅度增長(zhǎng)。
14) These inventions and discoveries---fire,speech,weapons,domestic animals,agriculture and writing---made the existence of civilized communities possible.
火,語(yǔ)言,武器,家禽,農(nóng)業(yè)和文字的發(fā)明,使得文明社會(huì)有了存在的可能.
15) There was progress---there were even two inventions of great importance,namely gunpowder and the mariner's compass---but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.
進(jìn)步是有的,有兩項(xiàng)偉大發(fā)明,火藥和航海指南針,但是,就其革命性而言,這兩項(xiàng)發(fā)明都不能同語(yǔ)言,文字,和農(nóng)業(yè)相比.
16) Growth in electronic commerce is not a straight line trend---it come slowly at first,then accelerates rapidly.
電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展并非一帆風(fēng)順，而是經(jīng)歷了緩慢起步才加速前進(jìn)的。
17) Nonetheless,although it may take six years to reach sales of 1 trillion dollars,it won't take six more to reach 2 trillion,nor perhaps even two to expaned from 2 to 4 trillion dollars.
盡管可能需要六年時(shí)間才能使銷(xiāo)售收入達(dá)到1萬(wàn)億美元,但是從1萬(wàn)億到2萬(wàn)億美元?jiǎng)t不會(huì)再用六年時(shí)間,而從2萬(wàn)億到4萬(wàn)億美元甚至用不了兩年時(shí)間.
18) Electronic commence will turn the world into one giant shopping mall for products,services,and investments.
電子商務(wù)將會(huì)把世界變成一個(gè)集提供產(chǎn)品，服務(wù)與投資與一體的大型購(gòu)物中心。
19) By 2005,more than half of the average employees' working hours in advanced countries(like the United States and the United Kingdom)will be spent at home.
到2005年，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家雇員的平均工作時(shí)間將有一半以上在家中度過(guò)。
20) Employees will be,figuratively speaking,in the driver's seat.
打個(gè)比方來(lái)說(shuō)，雇員將會(huì)坐在駕駛座上，即取得主動(dòng)權(quán)。
21) My friend's daughter,Sarah,stood by me waiting her turn.
我朋友的女兒莎拉站在我身邊，等著輪到他。
22) I was the only adult present who prompted "What do you say?"When the clown handed Sarah her balloon.The clown beamed at us,grateful he had actually been acknowledged.
當(dāng)小丑把球遞給莎拉時(shí),我提醒她說(shuō):"你該說(shuō)什么?"我是在場(chǎng)大人中唯一一個(gè)這么做的人.小丑微笑著看著我們,很感激有人對(duì)他表示謝意.
23) And what they are seeing is a society focused solely on acquisition---be it another drink in a restaurant or a space on a crowded freeway---without ever stopping to thank the source.
他們所看到的社會(huì)是一個(gè)完全專注于索取的社會(huì)——不管是飯館還提供的一杯飲料還是高速公路上的一塊空地——沒(méi)有人停下來(lái)說(shuō)聲謝謝。
24) Most people today feel proud to have built a society that treats the races,sexes,and economic class more equally than ever before.And,yes,we have made real stride in these areas.
今天大部分人都建立了一個(gè)比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候都更平等地對(duì)待種族，性別，和經(jīng)濟(jì)階層的社會(huì)而感到驕傲。是的，我們?cè)谶@些領(lǐng)域確實(shí)取得了進(jìn)步。
25) Are we really so pressured that we cannot stop to observe simple courtesy?
難道我們真的忙得不能停下來(lái)注意以下簡(jiǎn)單的禮節(jié)嗎?
26) Since it is often used simultaneously by both family members as well as guests,the chicken requires not only a glamorous look but a practical one.
由于家庭成員和客人常常會(huì)同時(shí)使用廚房，所以廚房不僅要美觀而且要實(shí)用。
27) This concern includes recycling of household materials, as well as energy efficient appliances and purity of both water and air.
家庭用具的再循環(huán)問(wèn)題,廚房設(shè)備的節(jié)能問(wèn)題以及水和空氣的凈化問(wèn)題都受到重視.
28) The character of today's kitchen is very different from the way it was thirty years ago.There is more sophiscation in food preparation,and more technological help with cooking and cleaning up.
與30年前相比,現(xiàn)在的廚房的特點(diǎn)有了很大的不同,在食物制作方面更為尖端高級(jí),再食物烹制和清潔方面也能提供更多的技術(shù)幫助.
29) Because many of today's kitchens consist of two or more cooks sharing in the meal preparation,there is a need for more counter space,sooktops and sinks.
由于許多當(dāng)今的廚房都有兩個(gè)或者更多的人一起準(zhǔn)備飯菜。所以很有必要為廚房設(shè)計(jì)更大的臺(tái)面，更多的廚具和洗滌槽等。
30) You can have a refrigerator in one place and a freezer in a separate area or two sets of cooktops:one on the counter next to the wall oven and one on an island.
你可以買(mǎi)一個(gè)電冰箱放在廚房里的一個(gè)地方，然后在買(mǎi)一個(gè)冰柜放在另一處，或者你可以擁有2套廚具，一套放在靠近墻面的臺(tái)面上，另一套單獨(dú)放置。
31) In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply seperated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent,notions of male superiority are hard to maintain.
在男女角色沒(méi)有明顯劃分，家務(wù)事或多或少由雙方共同承擔(dān)的家庭中，男尊女卑的觀點(diǎn)是很難維持的。
32) In such a home,the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the "battle of the sexes".
在這種家庭長(zhǎng)大的孩子比他們父母更容易接受平等的觀念,并做好充分準(zhǔn)備去加入一個(gè)合作的,而不是"性別大戰(zhàn)"的社會(huì).
33) There are signs that pshchologists and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should nor receive all the credit,nor all the blame.We have almost given up saying that a woman's place is in the home.
有一些跡象表明,有關(guān)家庭方面的心理學(xué)家和專家意識(shí)到男性在家庭中的作用,他們認(rèn)為在涉及家庭方面的問(wèn)題上不應(yīng)該由女性承擔(dān)所有的贊揚(yáng)或指責(zé)。我們已經(jīng)不再堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為女性就應(yīng)該呆在家里。
34) We are beginning,however,to study a man's place in the home and to resist that he does have a place in it.Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.
相反的,我們開(kāi)始研究男性在家庭中的地位,并堅(jiān)持男性在家庭中占有一席之地的觀點(diǎn).男性在家庭中的地位與孩子的健康成長(zhǎng)不無(wú)關(guān)聯(lián).
35) The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules,because each family memberneeds to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.
家庭是一個(gè)合作的集體，很難制定通用的準(zhǔn)則，因?yàn)槊總�(gè)家庭中的成員都需要找出自己?jiǎn)栴}的具體方法。
36) Scientists at Johns Hopkins have discovered :striking" differents between men and women in a part of the brain linked with ability to estimate time,judge speed,visualize things three-dimensionally and solve mathematical problems.
約翰，霍普金斯大學(xué)的科學(xué)家已發(fā)現(xiàn)在大腦中與估算時(shí)間，判斷速度，想象三維事物以及解答數(shù)學(xué)題等能力有關(guān)的部位，在男女之間存在驚人的差別。
37) The differences,the researchers say,may underlie well-known trends that vary by sex,such as the fact that more men than women are architects,mathematicians and race-car drivers.
研究人員指出,這種差異可能會(huì)形成眾所周知的男女有別的傾向,例如,事實(shí)上建筑師,數(shù)學(xué)家,和賽車(chē)手中男性就多于女性.
38) In women in the study,it is the right IPL that is somewhat larger,though the difference between the two sides of the brains is less obvious than in men,say Psychiatrist Godfrey Pearlson,M.D. ,who headed the project.
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這項(xiàng)研究的精神病學(xué)家,醫(yī)學(xué)博士皮爾遜說(shuō),研究表明,女性的右下頂葉略大一些,盡管女性大腦兩邊的這種差異沒(méi)有男性那么明顯.
39) It allows the brain to process information from senses such as vision and touch,and enable the sort of thinking involved in selective attention and perception.
下頂葉使大腦能夠處理從諸如視覺(jué)和觸覺(jué)等感官傳來(lái)的信息,并使涉及有選擇性注意和知覺(jué)之類的思維活動(dòng)得以進(jìn)行.
40)There are plenty of exceptions,but there is also a grain of truth,revealed throught the brain structure,that we think underlies some of the ways people characterize the sexes.
當(dāng)然有很多意外,但也不乏從大腦結(jié)構(gòu)中顯露出的某些事實(shí),我們認(rèn)為這事實(shí)構(gòu)成了人們?cè)谛詣e方面的某些特征.
41) Owning Norand also allowed Pioneer to explore high-technology markets outside agriculture.
擁有羅蘭德，先鋒國(guó)際就可以在農(nóng)業(yè)外的高科技市場(chǎng)放手一搏了。
42) Pioneer always took a given percent of the annual profits to divide equally among all employees,so our profit-sharing checks were higher than if Pioneer had not purchased Norand.Additionally,my Pioneer stock was lower than it had been before the purchase of Norand.I was not pleased.
先鋒國(guó)際的老規(guī)律是拿出一定比例的年利潤(rùn)平均分配給所有的雇員,所以我們分的的利潤(rùn)比收購(gòu)羅蘭德之前減少了，此外，先鋒國(guó)際的股票也比收購(gòu)前下跌了，我很不高興。
43) The CEO of pioneer,Tom Urban,made annualformal visits to each of the Pioneer divisions to talk about the state of the business and to listen to employees' concerns.
先鋒國(guó)際的CEO湯姆每年都到每個(gè)公司進(jìn)行常規(guī)視察，向員工通報(bào)業(yè)務(wù)情況，聽(tīng)員工們所關(guān)心的事情。
44) As I sat listening to him,I knew I could trust him,and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him and to Pioneer.
當(dāng)我坐在那里聽(tīng)他說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，我知道我能夠信任他，我知道他值得我為他和先鋒國(guó)際奉獻(xiàn)出自己的忠誠(chéng)。
45) In the brief moment of silence before the questions started,I recalled thinking that I would follow him into any battle.
在提問(wèn)開(kāi)始之前，那一瞬間的沉默中，我重新堅(jiān)定了自己的信念，我將跟隨他在每一次戰(zhàn)役中沖鋒陷陣。
46) Man's preoccupation with time derives ultimately from his unique relationship to it.All animals are changed by it.But only human can manipulate it.
人們對(duì)時(shí)間的關(guān)注來(lái)源于他們與時(shí)間的特殊關(guān)系。所有的動(dòng)物都隨著時(shí)間的改變而改變，但是只有人類可以駕馭時(shí)間。
47) It can be argued that momeny and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence;that man's ability to manupulate time,to employ both past and future as guides to present action,is what makes him human.
可以證明的是,記憶力和預(yù)見(jiàn)能力是智力的重要部分,人類之所以是人類就在于他具有駕馭時(shí)間的能力,他能用過(guò)去和將來(lái)指導(dǎo)當(dāng)前的行為.]
48) But if the delay stretchs beyond 30 seconds.the animal is at a loss.It can no longer associate reward so far in the future with present action.
但是如果超出30秒,這種動(dòng)物就會(huì)不知所措。它無(wú)法將當(dāng)前的行為與未來(lái)的獎(jiǎng)賞聯(lián)想到一起。
49) But after that time interval ,the monkey's hunt for the food is no better than chances predicts.
但是過(guò)了這段時(shí)間間隔，猴子就只能靠自己找到食物了。
50) They can learn to stack four boxes,one atop the other,as a platform from which it can reach a hanging banana.They also carry their ability to cope with the present action by means of tools like human being.
他們會(huì)學(xué)著將4個(gè)盒子堆在一起，搭成一個(gè)臺(tái)子去拿掛著的香蕉，他們還會(huì)像人類那樣運(yùn)用工具去解決當(dāng)前的問(wèn)題。
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