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2024全國英語等級考試二級語法知識
在平凡的學習生活中,很多人都經(jīng)常追著老師們要知識點吧,知識點是傳遞信息的基本單位,知識點對提高學習導航具有重要的作用。那么,都有哪些知識點呢?以下是小編幫大家整理的2024全國英語等級考試二級語法知識僅供參考,希望能夠幫助到大家。
用一般過去時代替完成時
1) 兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。
When she saw the mouse,she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
過去完成時典型例題
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left
B. were writing, has left
C. had written, had left
D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙于……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。
注意:
had no … when 還沒等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 剛…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
過去完成時
1) 概念:
表示過去的過去
其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.
3)過去完成時的時間狀語:
before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left.
現(xiàn)在進行時
現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法:
a. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
b. 習慣進行:表示長期的或重復性的動作,說話時動作未必正在進行。
Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(說話時并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示漸變的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning red.
Its getting warmer and warmer.
d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
典型例題
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, dont findB. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.
答案D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài),應用進行時,由于沒有找到,其影響仍然存在,應用完成時,瞬間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。
數(shù)詞
1.基數(shù)詞
(1) 21——99之間的二位數(shù)由十位數(shù)加個位數(shù)再加連字符構(gòu)成。如24可寫成twenty-four。
(2) 101——999之間的三位數(shù)由hundred加and再加二位數(shù)或末位數(shù)構(gòu)成。加489可寫成four hundred and eighty-nine。
(3) 表示確切數(shù)目時,基數(shù)詞hundred,thousand,million,billion不加s。如several hundred,ten million。但是表示不確定數(shù)目時,要用復數(shù)形式。如hundreds of。
(4) 表示“在幾十年代”用“in+the+逢十的數(shù)詞復數(shù)”。如in the1980s或80’s。
2.序數(shù)詞
一般由基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成,前面一般加定冠詞the。如the two hundredth。
以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時,把y改成i,再加-eth。如the fiftieth。
不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞有first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth。
3.其他幾種數(shù)詞
(1) 分數(shù)由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞合成,分子用基數(shù)詞,分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于l時,分母的序數(shù)詞要用復數(shù)形式。如
11/3讀做three and two thirds
1/3讀做one(a)third;
但1/2讀做one(a)half,1/4讀做one(a)quarter。
(2) 小數(shù)點讀做point;“零”讀做zero;帶小數(shù)點的數(shù)字從左至右依次讀出。如0.2讀做zero point two。
(3) 百分數(shù)讀做percent。如17%讀做seventeen percent。
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