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2016年GMAT句子改錯(cuò)訓(xùn)練題及詳細(xì)分析
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1. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.
(A) about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many
(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many
(C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them
(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many
(E) comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom
答案解析如下：
(A)about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many
【錯(cuò)誤1】 比較結(jié)構(gòu)：“about the same as”比較的是“Great Britain”和“land area”，并不可比。
【錯(cuò)誤2】 修飾成分：在GMAT考察的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書面英語中，“where”用來修飾具體或抽象的方位，但“population”并非是一個(gè)方位的概念。
(B)of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many
【錯(cuò)誤1】 比較結(jié)構(gòu)：類似地，見(A)。
【錯(cuò)誤2】 句子意思：根據(jù)日常邏輯，“many”本意指“很多老撾人”，相比(E)用“many of whom”修飾“people”但本選項(xiàng)的并不能明確地表達(dá)這個(gè)本意。
【錯(cuò)誤3】 簡(jiǎn)潔明了：“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)在GMAT考察的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書面英語中不具有簡(jiǎn)潔性。
(C)that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them
【錯(cuò)誤1】 句子意思：“but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them……”大意為“但是在有一個(gè)400萬人口的老撾中，他們中許多……”，含義遜于(E)中“many of whom……”與“four million people”之間的修飾關(guān)系。
【錯(cuò)誤2】 簡(jiǎn)潔明了：“that is”、“who is”、“which is”等結(jié)構(gòu)不具有簡(jiǎn)潔性。
(D)comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many
【錯(cuò)誤】 句子意思：見(B)中【錯(cuò)誤2】。
(E)comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom
【正確】 “that of Great Britain”中的“that”指代“land area”，因此可與“Laos has a land area”中的“a land area”進(jìn)行比較。“many of whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句明確地修飾了“four million people”。
【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】
老撾的土地面積應(yīng)與英國(guó)的土地面積比較，因此(D)和(E)比較對(duì)象平行可比。
(E)中后半句中“many of whom”和“four million people”的修飾關(guān)系，優(yōu)于(D)中“and many……”的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。因此選擇(E)。
2. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
(A) have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
(B) have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
(C) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
(D) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
(E) would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
答案解析如下：
(A)have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
【錯(cuò)誤】 比較結(jié)構(gòu)：本選項(xiàng)使用了比較句式，比較句式的本質(zhì)是兩個(gè)平行可比的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)在進(jìn)行比較，只不過其中之一會(huì)發(fā)生省略。“demographers have to know a great deal more than now”中“than”的后方連接的是一個(gè)省略后僅剩下“now”的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，由于“than”之前也是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以我們只能認(rèn)為，“than”后方被省略的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)還原后應(yīng)完全繼承前半句“demographers have to know”，即“demographers have to know a great deal more than(they have to know)now”，意思是“人口學(xué)家不得不知道(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))比他們現(xiàn)在不得不知道的更多”，表意明顯不合理。相比之下，(E)中的“they do”則是“they know”
省略后的結(jié)果，表意為“人口學(xué)家將不得不(“would”是虛擬語氣，表示實(shí)際無法實(shí)現(xiàn))比他們現(xiàn)在知道的更多”。
(B)have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
【錯(cuò)誤】 句子意思：“economical”意思是“節(jié)約的”而非“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”。
(C)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
【錯(cuò)誤】 句子意思：見(B)。
(D)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
【正確】 “would have to know a great deal more”表明“To develop more accurate population forecasts”當(dāng)前條件下實(shí)際上是不可能的，虛擬語氣使用合理。
【大意】 要進(jìn)行更加準(zhǔn)確的人口預(yù)測(cè)的話，人口學(xué)家將不得不比現(xiàn)在還要更多地了解生育的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)決定因素。
(E)would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
【錯(cuò)誤】 比較結(jié)構(gòu)：類似地，見(A)。
【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】
“economic”和“economical”是同根形容詞，他們一定不會(huì)表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，而“economic”是“經(jīng)濟(jì)上的”的意思，那么“economical”一定有問題，排除(B)(C)。
當(dāng)比較句式省略過度時(shí)往往會(huì)造成語義的不準(zhǔn)確、不合理，，這正是(A)和(E)的情況，因此選擇(D)。
3. In 1850, Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights and for changes in the married women’s property laws.
(A) arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights
(B) arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women
(C) a treatise that advocates women’s equal political and legal rights
(D) a treatise advocating women’s equal political and legal rights
(E) a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women
答案解析如下：
(A)arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights
【錯(cuò)誤】 修飾成分：非謂語動(dòng)詞“arguing”在本選項(xiàng)中作狀語(動(dòng)詞的修飾語)，其邏輯主語為“Lucretia Mott”，與所修飾動(dòng)詞“published”的主語相同，這意味著“arguing”是動(dòng)詞“published”的伴隨狀語，根據(jù)與法要求，“doing”形式的伴隨狀語與所修飾動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生且同(邏輯)主語，所以根據(jù)語法要求，“Lucretia Mott”一邊“發(fā)表論文”，一邊伴隨著在“爭(zhēng)論”，這種修飾關(guān)系并不合理。
(B)arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women
【錯(cuò)誤】 修飾成分：見(A)。
(C)a treatise that advocates women's equal political and legal rights
【錯(cuò)誤】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：劃線部分之后連接“and for……”結(jié)構(gòu)，僅能與(E)中的 “argued for”形成語法、語義均平行的“argued for……and for……”結(jié)構(gòu)。
(D)a treatise advocating women's equal political and legal rights
【錯(cuò)誤】 平行結(jié)構(gòu)：類似地，見(C)。
(E)a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women
【正確】 “that argued for……”是“a treatise”的定語從句，而“a treatise”是“Discourse on Women”的同位語，修飾關(guān)系明確。
【大意】 1850年Lucretia Mott發(fā)表了《女性的討論》，一篇為女性平等政治、法律權(quán)利和修改女性婚姻產(chǎn)權(quán)法而爭(zhēng)論的論文。
【最優(yōu)解題思路推薦】
“Discourse on Women”意為“《女性的討論》”，這恰恰是一篇“treatise”(“論文”)，因此，(C)、(D)、(E)的修飾關(guān)系明顯優(yōu)于(A)和(B)而(E)和劃線句子之后的部分形成了“argued for……and for……”的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選擇(E)。
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