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考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作必備八大語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
在考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，如何打造一篇高分文章，詞匯多變且句型豐富是重點(diǎn)。前者比較容易做到，后者需要扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)。接下來(lái)小編為大家總結(jié)了豐富句子的八大語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，希望對(duì)各位考生有所幫助。
考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作八大語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
“英文多被動(dòng)，漢語(yǔ)多主動(dòng)”，還需要警惕名詞與動(dòng)詞之間暗含的“主被動(dòng)”關(guān)系。
Eg1: It is said that …據(jù)說(shuō)/相傳
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建議
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
2. 簡(jiǎn)單句變從句
名詞性從句，含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句四種;定語(yǔ)從句;狀語(yǔ)從句
A. 主語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it為形式主語(yǔ);that從句為真正主語(yǔ))
B.賓語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不為別人的想法所影響。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表語(yǔ)從句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位語(yǔ)從句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (該句中a dream = that 從句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位語(yǔ)句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性質(zhì)
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入語(yǔ)
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽車(chē)跟很多其他事物一樣，具有兩面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定語(yǔ)從句：
步驟：
1)先寫(xiě)出正確簡(jiǎn)單句，確定被修飾成分(中心名詞)
2)在中心名詞后加入定從，關(guān)系詞who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
3. it 句式
A. 形式主語(yǔ) it is +被動(dòng)/形容詞/名詞+that從句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式賓語(yǔ)
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
4. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句式：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步驟】
a. 先寫(xiě)出正確的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句或復(fù)合句，明確單句的各個(gè)成分。
b. 在被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分(除謂語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)外)兩邊添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不變，必要時(shí)調(diào)整順序。
【強(qiáng)調(diào)句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who結(jié)構(gòu)，整個(gè)句子無(wú)冗余或成分殘缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
5. 倒裝
A. 表否定的副詞、短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)位于主語(yǔ)之前或句首，主句半倒裝(一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序);如never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, on no account, by mo means, in no case,
Eg1：I will never agree. Never will I agree.
B. Only +狀語(yǔ)位于句首，主句半倒裝。
Eg1：When my beloved is beside myself, I can feel the true happiness.
Only when my beloved is beside myself, can I feel the true happiness.
Eg2：When his computer crashes, he will come down-stairs for something to eat.
Only when his computer crashes, will he come down-stairs for something to eat.
Eg3：By doing small things, teenagers can accumulate ability and experience for something big.
Only doing small thing, can teenagers accumulate ability and experience for something big.
C.As/though倒裝形式
Eg1：Although she is a girl, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Girl as she is, Zeng Yike is called Brother Zeng.
Eg2：Though it is convenient, online shopping leads to some problems.
Convenient as/though it is, online shopping leads to some problems.
Eg3：Although it is simple, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
Simple as it is, what the picture conveys is thought-provoking.
6.雙重否定
Eg1：no ____ is / are more _____ than ________.
In contemporary society, no means of communication is more popular and common than cell phones.
Eg2：A strong will is very important.
The importance of a strong will cannot be too emphasized.
Eg3：Education helps people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
Without education, it is impossible for people to acquire knowledge, skills and new visions.
7. Ving/ved 狀語(yǔ)
A. 兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且主語(yǔ)一致，將次要?jiǎng)幼鲗?xiě)成v-ing或v-ed形式做狀語(yǔ)，即動(dòng)作與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)寫(xiě)成v-ing形式、為被動(dòng)關(guān)系是寫(xiě)成V-ed形式。
Eg1：I climbed the stairs. I took a suitcase.
I climbed the stairs, taking a suitcase.
Climbing the stairs, I took a suitcase.
Eg2：When they are compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Compared with cars, bicycles are superior in several ways.
Bicycles, compared with cars, are superior in several ways.
B.兩個(gè)動(dòng)作主語(yǔ)一致，但前后發(fā)生，則可將先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作寫(xiě)成Having +ved形式。
Eg1：He had lived in this city for years. He had no difficulty finding the way home.
Having lived in this city for years, he had no difficulty finding the way home.
8. 排比結(jié)構(gòu)
Eg1：Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. (Bacon)
Eg2：We shall fight on the hills. We shall fight in the streets. We shall fight blood and sweet and tears. (Churchill)
Eg3：作為一種重要素質(zhì)，自信帶給我們力量、喚起我們對(duì)生活的熱愛(ài)、幫助我們戰(zhàn)勝困難。
As a vital quality, confidence brings us power, arouses our enthusiasm for life, and helps us to conquer difficulties.
考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作總匯
描述圖畫(huà)或圖表的常用句型：
1. As can be clearly seen from the picture.... 從這張畫(huà)中可以清楚地看到.......
譯：從這張畫(huà)中可以清楚地看到，隨著國(guó)際文化交流的增加，越來(lái)越多的外國(guó)人渴望訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。
As can be clearly seen from the picture, with the increase in cultural exchange among countries, an increasing number of foreigners are eager to visit China.
2. As is shown above... 正如上面所示...
譯：正如上面所示，有兩幅漫畫(huà)描述了兩種完全不同的情景。一幅描繪了人們?cè)谂ぷ�，而另一幅暗示了懶惰�?dǎo)致失敗。
As is shown above, there are two cartoons presenting two quite different situations. One depicts people who are working hard, while the other implies that laziness results in failure.
3. What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that... 這是一幅多么生動(dòng)形象的畫(huà)啊！它告訴我們...
譯：這是一幅多么生動(dòng)的畫(huà)�。∷嬖V我們，愛(ài)就像一盞在黑暗中的油燈, 它照亮了人們的心靈。
What a vivid picture it is! It tells us that love is just like an oil lamp in the dark, which lightens people's hearts.
4. According to the statistics given in the table, ... 根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，...
譯：根據(jù)表中所給的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，最近5年來(lái)旅游者的人數(shù)大大增加，2002年達(dá)到80,000,000人。
According to the statistics given in the table, the number of tourists has grown greatly, 80,000,000 people in 2002.
5. It can be seen from the statistics （or picture） that ... 從這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字（或這張圖畫(huà)）中可以看到，...
譯：從這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字（或這張圖畫(huà)）中可以看到，隨著城市中汽車(chē)數(shù)量的不斷增加,空氣污染和噪音已經(jīng)成為威脅城市居民生存的主要公害（public hazards）。
It can be seen from the statistics （or picture） that with the rapid increase in the number of cars, air pollution and noise have become the main public hazards threatening the survival of city residents.
6. It is generally believed （或accepted, thought, held） that ... 人們普遍認(rèn)為，...
譯：人們普遍認(rèn)為，各國(guó)政府應(yīng)該采取有力措施來(lái)保護(hù)森林資源。
It is generally believed that the governments of all countries should take effective measures to protect forest resources.
7. The picture is thought-provoking, ... 這幅畫(huà)發(fā)人深省，...
譯：這幅畫(huà)是發(fā)人深省的，它所說(shuō)明的是我們今天社會(huì)普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象。
The picture is thought-provoking, and what it illustrates is a common phenomenon in our society today.
8. What the drawing describes implies that ...... 這張圖畫(huà)所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了，...
譯：這張圖畫(huà)所描述的內(nèi)容暗示了，我們應(yīng)該經(jīng)得住失敗的考驗(yàn)。
What the drawing describes implies that we should withstand the test of failure.
關(guān)于比較、利弊、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的句型:
1. S + have （or has） a lot of advantages over... （與...相比有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)）
2. Compared with ..., sb./sth. has/have the advantage of ... （有... 方面的長(zhǎng)處；... 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是 ...）
3. be of great benefit to sb./sth. （對(duì)... 有益）
4. benefit sb/sth. （對(duì)...有好處）
benefit from sth. （由于...而受益）
5. do （a lot of） good to sb. （對(duì)... 有許多好處）
be good for sb./sth. （對(duì)... 有益）
do damage to sth./damage sth. （對(duì)... 造成損壞）
do harm to sth./harm sth./endanger sth. （對(duì)... 有害處）
6. be as （not so） good/great as...
7. not so much ...as... （與其說(shuō)...,不如說(shuō)...）
說(shuō)明原因的句型:
1. There are two/some good reasons for sth./to do sth. ...
生活條件改變的原因有兩條。首先，我們一直在貫徹執(zhí)行改革開(kāi)放政策。其次，我們的經(jīng)濟(jì)在迅速發(fā)展并且出生率得到了控制。
There are two reasons for the changes in people's living conditions. First, we have been carrying out an opening and reform policy. Second, our national economy is developing rapidly and the birth rate has been under control. .
2． We have two good reasons for/against ...
我們有兩條充分理由反對(duì)工業(yè)不受控制的發(fā)展。
We have two good reasons against the uncontrolled development of industry.
3. The reason for...is that + 從句
我們支持"希望工程"的原因是, 許多貧困地區(qū)的兒童付不起繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)的各種費(fèi)用。
The reason for us to support the "Project Hope" is that many children in poor areas can not shoulder different kinds of expenses to continue with their schooling.
關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的句型:
物價(jià)上升的原因是需求的增加。
The cause of （=reason for） higher prices was an increase in demand.
或: Because the demand has increased, the prices are higher.
或: An increase in demand results in higher prices.
或: The demand has increased. As a result, the prices are higher.
或: If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise
譯：他們?nèi)〉玫某晒怯捎谒麄兊目炭嗯�。What they have achieved results from their hard（=painstaking） work.
表示不同看法的句型:
1. 人們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的看法各不相同。When it comes to sth, the opinions of people differ
有些人認(rèn)為 ... ；其他人爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō) ... ；還有一些人主張 ...
Some believe that ... Others argue that .... Still others maintain that ...
2. 他們的觀點(diǎn)各不相同。They are quite different from each other in their opinions.
3. 有些人持這樣的觀點(diǎn)：孩子少是好事。 Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.
4. 他們對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的態(tài)度大相徑庭。They think quite differently on this question.
5. 他們對(duì)噪音問(wèn)題的態(tài)度截然不同。They differ greatly in their attitudes towards noise problem.
家長(zhǎng)和孩子對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的看法不同。家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為，孩子應(yīng)努力學(xué)習(xí)，得到好的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。而孩子們則認(rèn)為，他們應(yīng)該有更多的自由來(lái)支配他們的閑暇時(shí)間，來(lái)安排他們的未來(lái)。
Parents and children think differently on this question. Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school. Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedom to spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.
表示必須、緊急、有困難做某事的句型:
It is important （necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable） for sb. to do sth.
常用諺語(yǔ) （在議論文中）:
1. 常言道，"事物總是一分為二的。" As a popular saying goes, "Every coin has two sides".
2. As a proverb says, "Everything has two sides". On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health. On the other hand, if you don't deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health. So we should look at the matter from two sides.
3. As a proverb says, " Where there is a will there is a way." （有志者事竟成。）
4. As a popular saying goes, "A man is known by the company he keeps."（觀其交友，知其為人。）
5. As is known to all, "No pains, no gains". （沒(méi)有苦，就沒(méi)有甜。）
6. It's no use crying over the spilt milk. （覆水難收。）
7. More haste, less speed. （欲速者不達(dá)。）
8. Look before you leap. （三思而后行。）
9. He who laughs last laughs best. （誰(shuí)最后笑，誰(shuí)笑得最好。）
辯論中常用的句型:
1. There is no doubt that ... 譯：毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)the rapid increase in population 促使 the sharp decrease in the species of wild animals.
2. It is obvious/clear that 愛(ài)心是一盞燈, 越黑暗的地方, 它越明亮。
3. 眾所周知，中國(guó)一貫主張, 國(guó)家不管大小, 應(yīng)該一律平等。As is known to all, China always maintains that all nations should be equal, be they large or small.
4. （It's） no wonder ... （難怪） 譯：他不努力工作, 難怪他丟了工作。
5. It goes without saying that ... （ 不成問(wèn)題, 很自然 ） ：很自然，健康的人比病人幸福。It goes without saying that healthy people are much happier than sick ones.
6.What is more important, we should 保持 ecological balance.
7. I am convinced that only if our society is full of love, tomorrow will be much better and brighter.
8. It is no exaggeration to say ... 可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)，...
舉例表示法:
1. For example,/ For instance,the people's economic status has been greatly improved.
2. A case in point is that the economic status of the people has been improved.
3. Let's have an example. TV sets, refrigerators and recorders have become household necessities.
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