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英語寫作常見語法錯(cuò)誤分類
認(rèn)清各種各樣的語法錯(cuò)誤，盡可能地避免少犯，對于提高作文分是有極大的幫助的�，F(xiàn)將我們在閱卷過程中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的大量語言錯(cuò)誤逐一歸類，抽出其中的典型錯(cuò)誤，以警示大家，供參考。
句子成分殘缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.(誤)
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams(正)
We should read books may be useful to us. (誤)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (誤)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. (誤)
The driver of the red car died on the spot. (正)
主謂不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. (誤)
Some think that reading should be selective. (正)
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (誤)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的誤用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (誤)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (誤)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. (誤)
I have been studying in the college for two years(正)
詞類混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (誤)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
Honest is so important for everyperson. (誤)
Honesty is so important for everyone. (正)
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. (誤)
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. (正)
名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的誤用
Too much tests are disadvantage for students’ study. (誤)
Too many tests are disadvantageous to students. (正)
In modern society, people are under various pressures(誤)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
動詞及物與不及物的誤用
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (誤)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
Because of his excellent performance, the boss rose his salary. (誤)
Because of his excellent performance, the boss raised his salary. (正)
介詞to和不定式符號的混淆
Too many tests will do harm to cultivate our independent thinking. (誤)
Too many tests will do harm to the cultivation of our independent thinking. (正)
All these contributed to solve the serious problem. (誤)
All these contributed to the solution to the serious problem. (正)
情態(tài)動詞的誤用
It may not good to our health. (誤)
It may be not good to our health. (正)
They should spent much time. (誤)
They should spend much time. (正)
There be句型的誤用
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (誤)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
There are many way to solve the tuition and fees of college education. (誤)
There are many ways to raise the money for the tuition and fees for college education. (正)
動賓搭配不當(dāng)
We must pay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (誤)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
It also may help you to make success. (誤)
It may also help you succeed/obtain your goal. (正)
根據(jù)中文逐字硬譯
If someone’s family situation is not well, he can apply for loan to bank. (誤)
If one’s family is not well off, he can apply to the bank for a loan. (正)
Let alone touch the outside world of campus/keep a good body health(誤)
Let alone get in touch with the world outside of the campus/keep fit(正)
主謂不一致，人稱與動詞不符。例如：
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. (誤)
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. (正)
上面例句中，主語是My sister ，為第三人稱，所以謂語動詞應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式goes才正確，這種主謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤在寫作中是很常見的問題，稍一疏忽就會犯，考生需要更加細(xì)心才行。
句子成分殘缺不全，語句不通。例如：
We should read books may be useful to us. (誤)
We should read books which may be useful to us. (正)
這是一個(gè)定語從句的例句，其中which在從句中做的是主語，所以不能省略，一旦省略就會造成句子成分殘缺，考試中大家在寫完一句話時(shí)要記得讀一遍看看通不通順。
句子成分多余，累贅復(fù)雜。例如：
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. (誤)
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. (正)
這一句的錯(cuò)誤有點(diǎn)中式英語的味道，逐字逐句對應(yīng)翻譯，there is 放在這里，累贅而又繁瑣。
動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的誤用，前后不一致。例如：
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. (誤)
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. (正)
這個(gè)例句中前面是was walking ，所以后面也要用相應(yīng)的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)were，同一個(gè)句子里，沒有特殊情況，前后時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)要保持一致的。
We have little time to read some books which we interest. (誤)
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. (正)
這一句也可以說是定語從句語法錯(cuò)誤，be interested in是我們都知道的固定搭配，所以它后面跟賓語一定要有介詞in，所以從句引導(dǎo)詞要用 in which 。
詞類混淆，詞性不明。例如：
It is my point that reading must be selectively. (誤)
In my opinion, reading must be selective. (正)
這句中，be 后面是形容 reading 的意思，所以要用到一個(gè)形容詞，而selectively明顯是一個(gè)副詞。
名詞可數(shù)與不可數(shù)的錯(cuò)誤。例如：
In modern society, people are under various pressures(誤)
In modern society, people are under various kinds of pressure. (正)
pressure是一種無形的但是有很多種類的事物，所以不能直接在后面加復(fù)數(shù)s，但是要形容他多，各種各樣后面加一個(gè)種類kinds of 就正確表達(dá)出了復(fù)數(shù)形式。
及物動詞與不及物動詞的誤用。例如：
The traffic accident was taken place at the junction of two highways. (誤)
The traffic accident took place at the junction of two highways. (正)
發(fā)生是一個(gè)主動的過程，沒有什么事是被發(fā)生的，所以不能用was taken place 。
情態(tài)動詞的誤用。例如：
They should spent much time. (誤)
They should spend much time. (正)
情態(tài)動詞后面常常跟動詞原形，所以spend要用原型。
動賓搭配不當(dāng)。例如：
We must ppay attention to it and make solutions to the problem. (誤)
We must pay attention and find a solution to the problem. (正)
There be句型的誤用。例如：
There exists some new problems such as being dishonest. (誤)
There exist/arise some new problems such as being dishonest. (正)
There be句型中動詞一般用原型，exist/arise 不需要變成第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
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