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2016年人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
2016年八年級(jí)考試知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些?下面百分網(wǎng)小編為大家分享最新八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)句型和短語(yǔ),希望對(duì)大家學(xué)習(xí)有幫助!
一、 have fun doing sth.
【句型介紹】 意為\"做某事有樂(lè)趣\",其中have fun 相當(dāng)于enjoy oneself,表示過(guò)得愉快。
1. 英語(yǔ)中的集體名詞,如family, class, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若作為一個(gè)整體看,其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);若強(qiáng)調(diào)其組成成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:
My family is a happy one. 我家是個(gè)幸福的家庭。
My family are all watching TV. 我們?nèi)胰硕荚诳措娨暋?/p>
2. 在比較級(jí)中,要注意than后面人稱代詞的格。
1)當(dāng)句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),than后面的代詞用主格還是賓格,在意思上通常沒(méi)有區(qū)別。如:
He runs faster than I / me. 他跑得比我快。
They get to school earlier than we / us every day. 他們每天都比我們到校早。
2)當(dāng)句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),than后面的人稱代詞用主格還是賓格在意思上就有差別了。試比較:
I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) 我比他更喜歡你。
I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) 你和他相比,我更喜歡你。
3. 不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面,一般指一個(gè)還沒(méi)有發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
Do you have anything to say about this? 有關(guān)這件事你有沒(méi)有什么要說(shuō)的?
4. 在比較句型中,than后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常省略。也可以用相應(yīng)的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)代替與前面相同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,以避免重復(fù)。如:
Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). 湯姆功課比我好。
She ate less than I (did) for breakfast. 她早飯吃得比我少。
5. You\'d better ... 是You had better ... 的縮寫形式。 had better 為固定短語(yǔ),意為\"最好......\",后接動(dòng)詞原形,常用來(lái)提出建議或勸告,其否定形式是\"had better not + 動(dòng)詞原形\"。如:
You\'d better not stay there too long. 你最好別在那里呆得太久。
We had fun playing computer games. 我們玩電腦游戲很愉快。
【句式比較】 have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. 做某事有樂(lè)趣
Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? 訪問(wèn)那個(gè)國(guó)家你們快樂(lè)嗎?
【特別提醒】 句中fun為不可數(shù)名詞,表樂(lè)趣,前面不能加不定冠詞。
二、 But I don\'t know what to do.
【句型介紹】 疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
I don\'t know how to get her help. 我不知道怎樣才能得到她的幫助。
Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. 我不知道去哪兒購(gòu)買這種種子。
My question is when to leave for Tokyo. 我的問(wèn)題是什么時(shí)候去東京。
【句式比較】 疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式可轉(zhuǎn)換成連詞(原疑問(wèn)詞)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。
I don\'t know where we can find her. 我不知道在哪兒能找到她。
How she will go there is still a secret. 她怎么去那里還是一個(gè)謎。
Her question is how she can pass the exam. 她的問(wèn)題是她怎樣才能通過(guò)這次考試。
【特別提醒】 疑問(wèn)詞 + 不定式轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序。
三、 This is ... speaking.
【句型介紹】 該句為打電話用語(yǔ),用來(lái)進(jìn)行自我介紹,This代表我,speaking可以省去。
Hello! This is Tom (speaking). 你好,我是湯姆。
【句式比較】 Who is that (speaking)? 你是誰(shuí)?that用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí),speaking可以省去。 Is that ... (speaking)? 你是......嗎?that也用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí), speaking也可以省去。
This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? 我是瑪麗,你是誰(shuí)?
Is that Jane (speaking)? 你是詹妮嗎?
【特別提醒】 this不能換成I, that不能換成you。
四、 hear sb. / sth. doing
【句型介紹】 意為\"聽見某人 / 物正在做......\",句中doing為現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)程。
Just then I heard someone crying \"Help! Help!\" 就在那時(shí),我聽見有人在喊\"救命啊!救命!\"
【句式比較】 hear sb. / sth. do sth. 聽見某人 / 物做某事,句中do為不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)結(jié)果。
I heard him sing three songs. 我聽見他唱了三首歌。
hear sb. / sth. done聽見某人 / 物被......,done為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)。
Do you often hear this song sung by him? 你經(jīng)常聽見他唱這首歌嗎?
【特別提醒】 在這些句型中的hear可換成see, feel, watch等感官動(dòng)詞。
初二1-7單元重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
一、 名詞短語(yǔ)
a waste of time 浪費(fèi)(白費(fèi))時(shí)間
field trip 野外旅游
the day after tomorrow后天
Terra Cotta Warriors 兵馬俑
Thanksgiving Day 感恩節(jié)
on Mid-autumn Day / Festival 在中秋節(jié)
二、 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
go fishing 去釣魚
go boating 去劃船
go hiking 去徒步旅行
go on a picnic 去野餐
trip over (被......)絆倒
hurry up 趕快
get home 回家
get together 相聚
agree with ... 同意......意見(想法);符合
ask for 請(qǐng)求;詢問(wèn)
come up 走近;發(fā)生;上來(lái);流行
come over 過(guò)來(lái);抓住
三、 介、副詞短語(yǔ)
in the open air 在戶外;在野外
on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
at the front / back of 在前 / 后面
in front of 在......前面
in the country 在鄉(xiāng)下
in town 在城里
on the left /right side 在左 / 右邊
up and down 上上下下;來(lái)來(lái)回回
四、 其它短語(yǔ)
(not) ... any more再也不;不能再......
all the same 仍然; 還是
had better (do) 最好(做......)
八年級(jí)8-14單元重點(diǎn)句型
一、I\'m sorry to hear that.
[句型介紹] 該句是對(duì)所聽說(shuō)的不幸事件的回答用語(yǔ),含義為\"真遺憾;聽到那件事我很難過(guò)\"。
-I didn\'t pass the exam. 我沒(méi)通過(guò)這次考試。
-I\'m sorry to hear that. 真遺憾。
-My grandfather died yesterday. 我的祖父昨天去世了。
-I\'m sorry to hear that. 我很難過(guò)。
[知識(shí)拓展] 1. I\'m glad to hear that. 我真高興聽到那事。
-I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight\'s film. 我設(shè)法買到了今晚的電影票。
-I\'m (very) glad to hear that. 真替你高興。
2. Congratulations. 恭喜你。
-I\'ve just married a beautiful girl. 我剛剛?cè)⒘艘晃黄凉媚铩?/p>
-Congratulations. 恭喜你。
二、be good for
[句型介紹] 意為\"有益于......\", for后面接名詞。
Is swimming good for your health?游泳有益于你的身體健康嗎?
I think timely rain is good for the crops. 我認(rèn)為適時(shí)地下雨對(duì)莊稼生長(zhǎng)有好處。
[知識(shí)拓展] be good to 對(duì)......友好;be good at 擅長(zhǎng)......
She is always good to me. 她對(duì)我一直很友好。
She is good at singing popular songs. 她擅長(zhǎng)唱流行歌曲。
三、ask sb. for sth.
[句型介紹] 意為\"向某人要某物\",sb.與sth.位置不得顛倒。
Can I ask you for help?你能幫幫我嗎?
To tell you the truth, when I have trouble, I always ask her for advice. 跟你說(shuō)老實(shí)話,每當(dāng)我有麻煩時(shí)總向她征求意見。
[知識(shí)拓展] ask for sth. 要求得到某物;ask for sb.要求見某人
Yesterday he asked me for money. 昨天他向我要錢。
Did anybody ask for me during my absence?我不在的時(shí)候有人找過(guò)我嗎?
四、be born in
[句型介紹] 意為\"出生于\",后接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
He was born in a small town in 1995. 1995年他出生于一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上。
In which city was he born in 1988?1988年他出生在哪一個(gè)城市?
[知識(shí)拓展] be born of出生于......家庭
It is said that he was born of a teacher\'s family. 據(jù)說(shuō)他出生于教師的家庭。
五、good luck with sth.
[句型介紹] 祝賀用語(yǔ),with后面接事物名詞。
Good luck with your exam. 祝你考試好運(yùn)。
Good luck with your journey. 祝你旅途順利。
[知識(shí)拓展] good luck to sb. 祝......好運(yùn)
Good luck to you. 祝你好運(yùn)。
六、get married to
[句型介紹] 意為\"和......結(jié)婚\",強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作,若不接賓語(yǔ),應(yīng)省to。
She got married to a foreigner last year. 去年她和一個(gè)老外結(jié)了婚。
Did she get married last year?她是去年結(jié)婚的嗎?
[知識(shí)拓展] be married to \"和......結(jié)婚\",強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。
She was married to Li Ping. 她嫁給了李平。
值得注意的是,get married to屬終止性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),不可和表示時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用,但be married to卻可以,因?yàn)樗浅掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
七、Would you like to ... ?
[句型介紹] 該句用來(lái)提出請(qǐng)求,含義為\"你愿意......嗎\",to后面接動(dòng)詞原形。
Would you like to give me some help?你愿意給我提供一些幫助嗎?
Would you like to repair this bike for me?你愿意為我修這輛自行車嗎?
[知識(shí)拓展] Will / Would you please ...?please后面應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形,含義為\"你愿意......嗎\"。
Will you please water these flowers?請(qǐng)你給這些花澆水,好嗎?
Would you please give me some money?你給我點(diǎn)兒錢,好嗎?
八、Thanks a lot for ...
[句型介紹] 該句為感謝用語(yǔ),含義為\"非常感謝......\",也可說(shuō)成Thank you very much for ..., for為介詞,后面可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。
Thanks a lot for your kind help.感謝您友好的幫助。
Thank you very much for coming to see me.感謝你來(lái)看我。
[知識(shí)拓展] be thankful to sb. for sth.因某事對(duì)某人感激
I\'m thankful to you for your kindness.感謝您的好意。
九、last from ... to ...
[句型介紹] 意為\"從......持續(xù)到......\",from和to后面均應(yīng)接時(shí)間名詞。
Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday. 我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將從星期五持續(xù)到星期日。
Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st. 他們的夏令營(yíng)將從10月1日持續(xù)到11月1日。
[知識(shí)拓展] go on to ... 延續(xù)到......
1、 Feel well/bad
2、 Wake up (somebody)—fall asleep
3、 As soon as
4、 Be busy doing/with something
5、 Stop doing/to do/somebody from doing
6、 Go down
7、 Have something to do
8、 Sleeping pills
9、 Be awake—be asleep
10、 Light music
11、 In the band
12、 Try something/doing something
13、 Try to do something
14、 A piece of music
15、 Again and again
16、 系動(dòng)詞:be/sound look seem smell taste feel/get turn become
17、 Look nice on
18、 Be/keep quiet
19、 Instead of something/doing
20、 Make trouble
21、 enough+名詞/形容詞或副詞+enough
22、 Be thin/fat
23、 Nothing much wrong/nothing serious
24、 Look over
25、 At the weekend
26、 have been to+地點(diǎn)
27、 Land on
28、 Pull something out of/up from
29、 Keep something cool
30、 All by oneself=alone
31、 Perhaps=maybe
32、 No longer=no more=not any longer=not any more
33、 Get back/get something back
34、 Sooner or later
35、 Drop something
36、 Run after
37、 Run away
38、 Eat up
39、 On the bank
40、 A few--few
41、 A little--little
42、 A little=a bit
43、 Pass something to somebody=pass somebody something
44、 Help oneself to
45、 Hot food
46、 Seem to do/that
47、 Fast food
48、 Be popular with
49、 Enjoy/enjoy oneself
50、 Enjoy something/doing
51、 Have a taste/taste like
52、 In the city of
53、 Both of/both And B
54、 Either or/either of
55、 Neither nor/neither of
56、 Agree with/to
57、 With—with out
58、 Take away—home cooking
59、 Take a seat
60、 By the window
61、 Take one’s order
62、 Go/walk alone/up/down
63、 Go on
64、 Cross=go across
65、 Take the first crossing on the right=turn right at the first crossing
66、 At/in the corner
67、 Be sick/ill
68、 In hospital
69、 In the hospital
70、 Arrive at/in / get to / reach
71、 At the end of
72、 Feel like doing
73、 Look over
74、 Wake somebody up
75、 It takes somebody + time + to do
76、 Be wake—be strong
77、 Quite a long way
78、 Had better do/not do
79、 Be happy/sorry/sad to do
80、 Look around
81、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can/can’t/may/must/mustn’t/have to
82、 Be sure about/of/to do/that
83、 In time/on time
84、 Make one’s way to
85、 The sign of
86、 Just then/just now
87、 Make a noise
88、 Stand a line
89、 Wait for one’s turn
90、 Stop doing/to do
91、 Jump the queue
92、 At the head of
93、 Laugh at
94、 Make a mistake
95、 Throw something about
96、 In fact
97、 At midnight
98、 Ring the door bell
99、 Complain about
100、 Quarrel with somebody
101、 Agree with somebody\\something
102、 Agree with something
103、 No longer (在句子中間)
104、 No more (在句子尾部)
105、 Not too bad
106、 Not at all
107、 在……時(shí)間之后 after (過(guò)去時(shí))\\in (現(xiàn)在時(shí))
108、 Wake somebody up
109、 Stop somebody from doing
110、 Spend on something
111、 Spend in doing
112、 So +助+主(做相同的事情)
113、 So+主+助(同意前者的說(shuō)法)
1. Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞,這些動(dòng)詞常見的有:appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如:
The students work very hard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。
2. Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) + Predicate(表語(yǔ))
這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類:
(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如:
Several players lay flat on the playground.幾個(gè)隊(duì)員平躺在操場(chǎng)上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎。
This kind of food tastes terrible.這種食物吃起來(lái)很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如:
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那種食物,已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
The facts prove true.事實(shí)證明是正確的。
3. Subject(主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ)) + Object (賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。同時(shí),句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的成分常是:名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。如:
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把書放在書包里。
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì)。
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁(yè)。
4. Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+ Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”,直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。如:
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長(zhǎng)征中的故事。
這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型:1)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + for sb.; 2)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)+to sb.。如:
Please show me your picture.
-Please show your picture to me.
請(qǐng)把你的畫給我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don?t lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心,我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的。
5. Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb (動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
這種句型中的賓語(yǔ)+ 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如:
Keep the children quiet, please. 請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。
He painted the wall white. 他把墻漆成白色。
We found him an honest person.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意:動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to。如:
The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。
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