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職稱英語(yǔ)考試備考模擬練習(xí)試題
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Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been 1 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 development.She warns that many of the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 .These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5 their residents."
Cities are 6 sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 .
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9 paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment.For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may 10 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.
Local governments, 12 ,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
詞匯：
vulnerable / 'vʌlnərəbl / adj .易受傷害的
infrastructure / 'infrə,strʌktʃə / n .基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
sociologist /,səusi'ɔlədʒist /n.社會(huì)學(xué)家
substandard / ,sʌb'stændəd / adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下的
dioxide / dai'ɔksaid / .二氧化物
floodplain /'flʌdplein / n .泛濫平原
注釋：
1. likely：很可能，或許。在本句中用作副詞。
2. be likely to：很可能。likely 在本句中是形容詞，用作表語(yǔ)。
3. findings：調(diào)查結(jié)果
4. storm surges：風(fēng)暴潮
5. paved cities：鋪上瀝青路面的城市
6. spring up：涌現(xiàn)
7. rhetoric . . . responses：修辭反應(yīng)。這個(gè)詞的意思是：(地方政府)話講得很漂亮，但內(nèi)容空洞。
8. a hands-off approach：一種不插手的政策
練習(xí)：
1.A carry along B carried away C carried out D carried back
2.A economic B industrial C rural D urban
3.A reduce B increase C study D measure
4.A crops B gases C fruits D Plant5
5.A educate B evaluate C protect D identify
6.A doubtful B possible C repeatable D major
7.A uses B chances C cures D benefits
8.A threats B interests C functions D differences
9.A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildly
l0.A provide B improve C lack D update
11.A without B with C in D on
12.A moreover B therefore C however D though
13.A other than B more than C less than D rather than
14.A train B automobile C bus D bike
15.A idle B smart C busy D secure
答案與題解：
1. C 本題的答案是carried out(執(zhí)行;完成)。“A new examination of urban policies has been
carried out” 意思上配得上。carried along(攜帶)、carried away(運(yùn)走)和carried back(運(yùn)回)與下文的意思搭配不上。
2.D通篇文章討論的是氣候變化對(duì)城市的影響及其應(yīng)對(duì)措施，并沒(méi)有涉及economic (經(jīng)濟(jì)
的)、industrial (工業(yè)的)和rural (農(nóng)村的)的話題。所以，這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不可能是答案，urban才是答案。
3.A前面一句談到，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的飛速成長(zhǎng)的城市備受氣候變化的折磨。本句緊接上一句
的意思，大多數(shù)城市沒(méi)有做到減少二氧化碳的排放量。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，要選reduce。
4. B 減少的不僅是二氧化碳，還有g(shù)reenhouse gases (溫室氣體)。gases 是答案。
5. C 城市應(yīng)該采取有效的措施應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化。采取措施的目的當(dāng)然是為了保護(hù)城市居民。
可是Lankao 發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣做的城市太少了。本題選protect 最合適。
6.D前面說(shuō)到大多數(shù)城市沒(méi)有做到減少或控制二氧化碳的排放量。這說(shuō)明“Cities are major
sources of greenhouse gases”(城市是溫室氣體的主要來(lái)源)，不會(huì)是doubtful sources (不能確定的來(lái)源), possible sources(可能的來(lái)源)，更不會(huì)是repeatable sources(不斷重復(fù)的來(lái)源)。
7.D城市居民最易受氣候變化的傷害，所以 Lankao 建議地方政府要進(jìn)行政策介入以降低居
民因氣候變化受到的傷害，而這會(huì)帶來(lái)立即的和長(zhǎng)期的益處。因此，uses 、 chances 和cures
可以排除。benefits(益處)才是答案。
8.A 由climate change 引發(fā)的storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 給城市居民造成傷害。
interests 、functions 和differences 這三個(gè)詞與storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 造成的傷害掛不上號(hào)，不會(huì)是答案。storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 對(duì)城市居民會(huì)構(gòu)成威脅。因此threats 才是答案。
9. B 為什么prolonged hot weather 對(duì)城市居民造成的傷害超過(guò)對(duì)其周邊地區(qū)居民造成的傷
害?因?yàn)槌鞘械缆肥谴罅夸佋O(shè)瀝青的道路。heavily 是答案。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合上述意
思。
10.C 貧窮社區(qū)更易受到傷害，句子給出有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的各個(gè)方面。貧窮社區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一
定是不盡如人意的。所以要選lack。
1LA貧窮國(guó)家許多人住在不符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的房子里。下面提到reliable thinking water、roads 和
basic services 這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，從上下文判斷，貧窮居民不會(huì)享有這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。所以選
without 比較合理。
12.B 本題的答案是therefore。上文說(shuō)的是氣候變化給城鎮(zhèn)居民帶來(lái)的種種問(wèn)題。下文說(shuō)的
是地方政府應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的對(duì)策以保護(hù)城鎮(zhèn)居民。兩部分的敘述是一種因果關(guān)系，所以要
選therefore。
13.D rhetoric responses (言辭反應(yīng)，即用言語(yǔ)予以搪塞的反應(yīng))和meaningful responses (有
意義的反應(yīng))是兩種截然不同的反應(yīng)。地方政府的反應(yīng)是前者還是后者?隨后的句子，特
別是a hands-off approach，說(shuō)明地方政府作出的是rhetoric responses，而不是meaningful
responses 。所以本題要選rather than(而不是)。
14.B 句中的“…emphasize mass transit”提示，要減少的運(yùn)輸工具不會(huì)是大眾交通工具，因此選項(xiàng)中的train 和bus便可排除。bike 是人力驅(qū)動(dòng)，不會(huì)釋放二氧化碳，也可排除。答案是automobile 。私人汽車排放大量的二氧化碳，是城市主要的污染源之一。
15. A “. . many local governments are taking a hands-off approach” 中的a hands-off approach 提示， Lankao 敦促地方政府改變的一定是他們無(wú)所作為( idle) 的政策。idle 是正確的選擇。
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