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2017職稱英語理工類B級閱讀理解名師精講
閱讀理解是職稱英語考試中比較重要的一部分，大家在備考的時候要多做閱讀習(xí)題，以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于職稱英語理工類B級閱讀理解名師精講，供大家備考。
Black Holes
About computer: computers, live with computer, Electronic Mail, Hacking
2003年理工B閱讀理解題： New Foods and The New World *(閱讀理解部分練習(xí)題) Please fasten your seatbelts*(閱讀理解部分練習(xí)題) “Salty” rice plant boosts harvest Attached materials:
From A Thirsty World 主題理解---The world is not only hungry, it is also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water…
語言特點(diǎn)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單，多為簡單句或簡單復(fù)合句。 From “Salty” rice plant boosts harvest
主題理解--- British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more.
語言特點(diǎn)：多為簡單句或簡單復(fù)合句，但是文章中也出現(xiàn)了一定數(shù)量的結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子，如：Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.
2002年理工A閱讀理解題： valuing childhood
Hacking *(閱讀理解部分練習(xí)題) Space-Age Archeology
2003年理工A閱讀理解題： “Salty” rice plant boosts harvest
Living with computer *(閱讀理解部分練習(xí)題) Computers in Cars
You’re far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist (霧) makes it difficult to see far beyond your car’s windshield (擋風(fēng)玻璃).
“Can this be route 90A?” you wonder. If it is, you should be near a town. Yet there’s no hint of one. Night is closing in. and you’re low on gasoline.
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.
A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exists. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car markets. These computers vary in details. But they all contain series of maps on Vediodiscs or videotapes. For example, one computer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US.
Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the car’s position at all times and displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow. A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer would also use the information to work out alternate (交替的) routes.
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors (微處理機(jī)的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel. Data on car speed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayed as digital data (numbers) or warming lights.
Some auto designers suggest that a central computer display can be used to clearly present such timely information as car speed and fuel level. Warning lights would indicate a drop in oil pressure or a sudden rise in engine temperature. To get more information on these conditions, the driver would call it up on the computer display screen. When needed, the computer could be “asked” to provide navigation aid or information about the car’s condition. 1.By describing a typical situation of a lost driver on the road, the author intend to ____.
A. make us believe how complex the highway computer network is.
B. let us know how in-ca computers are linked to road signs
C. show us how helpful a navigation computer would be
D. tell us that NAVSTAR has come into use. 2. The word “ navigate” in Paragraph 3 means ___.
A. help one control the traffic B. help one find one’s way
C. give a ship correct information about its course
D. direct a plane to its destination 3. The navigation computers have one thing in common: they all ___.
A. contain series of maps on videodiscs or videotapes
B. contain 13,300 maps covering the continental US
C. can be obtained free of charge
D. cost a lot of money
4. Without signals from navigation satellites, the in-car computer ___.
A. would still be able to locate the car’s position at all times.
B. would fail to locate the car’s position. C. would still work out the best route to follow. D. would seek help from the radio receiver linked to it.
5. Of the following functions, which is NOT possessed by the navigation computer?
A. Showing a map of the region a driver plans to drive through
B. Predicting a car crash on the road.
C. Getting information about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams.
D. Showing the car’s position at all times and displaying it on the map.
答案及解析： 1.文章主題分析：computers in cars
You’re far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests ... A thick mist (霧) ...
… Night is closing in. and you’re low on gasoline.
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.
2. 直接看題，抓住提干中的被選項(xiàng)中所提示的信息�！ �1.By describing a typical situation of a lost driver on the road, the author intend to ____.
A. make us believe how complex the highway computer network is.近
B. let us know how in-ca computers are linked to road signs *
C. show us how helpful a navigation computer would be –與文章主題最接近
D. tell us that NAVSTAR has come into use.
題目分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。問題問及目的，可能需要考生進(jìn)行推斷/歸納總結(jié)�！ ”贿x項(xiàng)分析：(注意結(jié)合文章主題—文章標(biāo)題)判斷C最可能是答案。
C.解題分析：借助題干中的核心詞(黑體文字)作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：
You’re far from home on a lonely road. Shadowy forests stretch away on both sides. A thick mist (霧) makes it difficult to see far beyond your car’s windshield (擋風(fēng)玻璃).
“Can this be route 90A?” you wonder. If it is, you should be near a town. Yet there’s no hint of one. (與題干內(nèi)容呼應(yīng))Night is closing in. and you’re low on gasoline.
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help. (直接答案相關(guān)句)
考點(diǎn)分析：總結(jié)概括句/復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)句�！ ⊙a(bǔ)充： close in v.包圍, 封閉 low adj. 缺錢的，接近完全耗盡的, 不足的, 貶值的, 貶低的： e.g. My savings account is low.我的存款幾乎用完了 e.g. low on supplies供應(yīng)不足
e.g. have a low opinion of his qualities對他的素質(zhì)的低的評價
2. The word “ navigate” in Paragraph 3 means ___.
A. help one control the traffic
B. help one find one’s way
C. give a ship correct information about its course *
D. direct a plane to its destination *
題目分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。問題問某個單詞的含義，可能需要考生借助上下文或搭配結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行判斷。
被選項(xiàng)分析：(注意結(jié)合文章主題—文章標(biāo)題)判斷C，D不可能是答案。
B.解題分析：找到包含“ navigate”的句子，借助上文語意(或解答上一題所獲取的對文章的理解)直接判斷答案B。
This is a situation where an in-car computer that can navigate would be a big help.
考點(diǎn)： 文章中核心詞詞義的確認(rèn)。
3. The navigation computers have one thing in common: they all ___.
A. contain series of maps on videodiscs (錄象盤)or videotapes
B. contain 13,300 maps covering the continental US
C. can be obtained free of charge *
D. cost a lot of money *
題目分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。問題問及文章的內(nèi)容主體“navigation computers”的共同點(diǎn)，可能需要考生進(jìn)行推斷。
被選項(xiàng)分析：(借助常識判斷)判斷C，D不可能是答案。
A.解題分析：利用“navigation computers”作為答案線索，注意題干中的修飾詞“all”這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：
A car computer that navigates? Yes! Such computers exists. Several experimental models are being tested by General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and several foreign car markets. These computers vary in details. But they all contains series of maps on Vediodiscs or videotapes. For example, one computer system contains 13,300 maps covering the continental US.
考點(diǎn)：考察代詞(These (computers))的指代內(nèi)容。4. Without signals from navigation satellites, the in-car computer ___.
A. would still be able to locate the car’s position at all times.
B. would fail to locate the car’s position.
C. would still work out the best route to follow.
D. would seek help from the radio receiver linked to it.
題目分析：細(xì)節(jié)題�！ ”贿x項(xiàng)分析：A和B是正反義項(xiàng)，重點(diǎn)注意�！ .解題分析：利用“navigation satellites”作為答案線索，這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：
Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the car’s position at all times and displays this position on the map. The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow. A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams. This information would be displayed to the driver and the computer would also use the information to work out alternate (交替的) routes.
Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors (微處理機(jī)的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel. Data on car speed, oil pressure, revolutions per minute, engine temperature, and fuel level can be displayed as digital data (numbers) or warming lights.
考點(diǎn)：考察考生的推斷總結(jié)能力。 補(bǔ)充： pick up : v. 拿起用手拿起(某物), 承載(客人，貨物等), 學(xué)得通過學(xué)習(xí)或經(jīng)歷獲得(知識)
e.g. pick up a book.撿起一本書 e.g. The bus picks up passengers at three stops.公共汽車在三個站載送乘客。
e.g. pick up French very quickly. 很快地掌握法語 pick and choose 很細(xì)心地挑選
pick holes in v. 挑剔在…尋找或發(fā)現(xiàn)一個或幾個錯誤： e.g. pick holes in the argument在論據(jù)中找錯 work out v. 通過工作或努力完成, 解決, 制定出,
e.g. worked out the equations解出方程式
e.g. work out a plan. 制定計(jì)劃 at work v. 忙于勞動;在工作, 在實(shí)行中,
e.g. Im at work on a new project now. 我現(xiàn)在正忙于一個新工程 e.g. Inflationary forces at work in the economy. 在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中通貨膨脹的作用
out of work: (=without a job; unemployed) 沒有工作的;未被雇用的 題目分析：細(xì)節(jié)題(是非題)�！ ”贿x項(xiàng)分析：B違背常識，判斷其可是答案�！ .解題分析：利用被選項(xiàng)中的核心詞作為答案線索，這樣在文章中找到答案相關(guān)句：
Before starting out on a trip, a driver can type in the code for the region he or she plans to drive through. The computer then shows a map of that region. (與A呼應(yīng))At the same time, a tiny radio receiver linked to the computer goes to work. It picks up signals from navigation satellites such as the NAVSTAR network. Using these signals, the computer shows a the car’s position at all times and displays this position on the map.(與D呼應(yīng)) The computer can also calculate and display the best route to follow.
A navigation computer may also receive and use data about road construction, weather conditions, and traffic jams.(與C呼應(yīng))
考點(diǎn)： 當(dāng)文章內(nèi)容上涉及較多細(xì)節(jié)時，可能會出現(xiàn)要求考生直接查找和確認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)的題�！ ∥恼轮邢嚓P(guān)的其他詞語和句子： Most cars nowadays also contain computers that help cars run more efficiently. Microprocessors (微處理機(jī)的) control certain engine functions by regulating the mixing of fuel.
Some auto designers suggest that a central computer display can be used to clearly present such timely information as car speed and fuel level.
Warning lights would indicate a drop in oil pressure or a sudden rise in engine
emperature.
To get more information on these conditions, the driver would call it up on the computer display screen.
Call for: v. 要求;需要 e.g. work that calls for patience.需要耐心的工作 call forth v. 喚起，振奮 e.g. a love song that calls forth sad memories.一首引起我悲傷回憶的愛情歌曲
call up: v. 喚起, 使人憶起, 使出現(xiàn)： e.g. stories that call up old times.使人懷舊的故事
call upon v. 命令;要求：
e.g. I call upon you to tell the truth. 我要求你說真話 When(it is) needed, the computer could be “asked” to provide navigation aid or information about the car’s condition.
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