職稱英語(yǔ)歷年真題《理工A》概括大意精選
職稱英語(yǔ)考試一共有6個(gè)題型，包括閱讀理解、完形填空、詞匯選項(xiàng)、概括大意完成句子、補(bǔ)全短文和閱讀判斷。要求在2個(gè)小時(shí)全部完成，題量大時(shí)間少，這就需要考生合理分配復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)，應(yīng)試時(shí)合理分配做題時(shí)間。以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于職稱英語(yǔ)歷年真題《理工A》概括大意精選，供大家備考。
Climate Change: The Long Reach
(1) Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. Theres more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (評(píng)估) Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.
(2) People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earths surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years--and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.
(3) Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planets environment could nudge ( 推動(dòng)) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach--and warm--the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a "fast feedback".
(4) Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, theyre limited. From a climate change perspective. "This century is the most important time for the next few generations," he told Science News. "But the world is not ending in 2100." For his new study,Zeebe now focuses on "slow feedbacks". While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life--as they relocate to more comfortable areas--are two examples of slow feedbacks.
(5) Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃--for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that stow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.
23～26概括大意
23. Paragraph 2__________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Rising of sea levels
B. Impact of burning fossil fuels
C. Fast feedbacks
D. Slow feedbacks
E. Unpredictability of feedback processes
F. A prediction of future climate change
27～30完成句子
27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in __________.
28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach __________.
29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing __________.
30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for__________.
A. the exposed ground
B. a very long time
C. the extra heat
D. recorded history
E. previously published studies
F. rapid exaggeration of impacts
答案與解析：
23.A。題干：第二段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。本段屬于遞進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)。首句講到“人們經(jīng)常燃燒化石燃料來(lái)獲取熱量和能量”，從第二句開(kāi)始闡述燃燒化石燃料會(huì)釋放二氧化碳，從而對(duì)氣候產(chǎn)生影響。因此本段的主題是B(燃燒化石燃料的影響)。
24.C。題干：第三段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段的主題句為最后一句：這個(gè)過(guò)程叫作fast feedback。
25.D。題干：第四段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段為轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)。第一句為引子“看快速反饋是十分重要的”，第二旬前的however使得話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，認(rèn)為快速反應(yīng)是有局限的，從而可推理得知該段的主題為slow feedback，這與該段中間的總結(jié)是一致的。故本題選D。
26.F。題干：第五段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段主題句為第二句：(在基于以前收集的信息基礎(chǔ)上)他得出了解釋未來(lái)快速反應(yīng)與慢速反應(yīng)進(jìn)程的結(jié)論以及由此結(jié)論得到氣候上升度數(shù)不同的結(jié)論。因此本題選F最合適。
27.D。題干：北極的冰在從未融化得如此之快。根據(jù)Arctic ice回到原文定位到第一段第二句“Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history.”可知，該空應(yīng)該填入D。
28.A。題干：冰雪的融化使得陽(yáng)光能達(dá)到__________。根據(jù)melting snow and ice回到原文定位到第三段，由“Butasthesemelt，sunlightcannow reach—andwam—theexposedground”可知該空應(yīng)該填入the exposed ground。這里的these指代的就是melting snow and ice。
29.E。題干：Zeebe通過(guò)分析__________預(yù)測(cè)了未來(lái)氣候變化。通過(guò)Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction回到原文定位到最后一段，首句中有答案：收集以前的研究數(shù)據(jù)。
30.B。題干：化石燃燒盡了之后，全球變暖還會(huì)__________。用After fossil fuels are used up定位到末段的最后一句“causeglobalwarmingtopersistforthousands ofyears afterpeople run out offossil fuels to bum”，可知該空答案為B。其中use up與run out對(duì)應(yīng)，thousands of years對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的a very long time。
Dung to death
Fields across Europe are contaminated with dangerous levels of the antibiotics given to farm animals. The drugs, which are in manure sprayed onto fields as fertilizers, could be getting into our food and water, helping to create a new generation of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs”.
The warning comes from a researcher in Switzerland who looked at levels of the drugs in farm slurry. ___1____.
Some 20,000 tons of antibiotics are used in the European Union and the US each year. More than half are given to farm-animals to prevent disease and promote growth. ___2___.
Most researchers assumed that humans become infected with the resistant strains by eating contaminated meat. But far more of the drugs end up in manure than in meat products, says Stephen Mueller of the Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology in Dubendorf.____3____
With millions of tons of animals manure spread onto fields of crops such as wheat and barley each year, this pathway seems an equally likely route for spreading resistance, he said. The drugs contaminate the crops, which are then eaten. ___4____
Mueller is particularly concerned about a group of antibiotics called sulphonamides. ____5___His analysis found that Swiss farm manure contains a high percentage of sulphonamides; each hectare of field could be contaminated with up to 1 kilogram of the drugs. This concentration is high enough to trigger the development of resistance among bacteria. But vets are not treating the issue seriously.
There is growing concern at the extent to which drugs, including antibiotics, are polluting the environment. Many drugs given to humans are also excreted unchanged and are not broken down by conventional sewage treatment.
question：
A. They do not easily degrade or dissolve in water.
B. And manure contains especially high levels of bugs that are resistant to antibiotics, he says.
C. Animal antibiotics is still an area to which insufficient attention has been paid.
D. But recent research has found a direct link between the increased use of these farmyard drugs and the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bugs that infect people.
E. His findings are particularly shocking because Switzerland is one of the few countries to have banned antibiotics as growth promoters in animals feed.
F. They could also be leaching into tap water pumped from rocks beneath fertilized fields.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案： E,D,B,F,A
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