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職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)歷年真題《衛(wèi)生B》完形填空題
在職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試題型所有題型中，完形填空通常會(huì)被認(rèn)為是最難的一部分，因?yàn)槠渥⒅乜疾榭忌挠⒄Z(yǔ)綜合能力，考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)多且雜，常常讓考生覺(jué)得不知該從何處下手進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)和準(zhǔn)備。以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)歷年真題《衛(wèi)生B》完形填空，供大家備考。
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)歷年真題《衛(wèi)生B》完形填空題 1
Teaching and Learning Medicine Award
Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could becandidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday,kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.
Australian-born U.S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have alreadywon a series of medical 51 for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among thefront-runners for a Nobel.
Only seven women have 52 the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were 53 outin 1901. The last female winner was U.S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004, who54the prizewith Richard Axel.
Among the pairs possible 55 are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evansand Elwood Jensen, who56up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors.
As usual, the award committee is giving no 57 about who is in the running beforepresenting its decision in a news conferenceat Stockholms Karolinska Institute.
Alfred Nobel, the Swede who58dynamite, established the prizes in his will in the59ofmedicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobelbut a 1968 creation of Swedens central bank.
Nobel left few instructions on how to60winners, but medicine winners are typically61for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research.
Hans Jomvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (US $1.3million) prize encourages62research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal forscientists.
"Individual researchers probably dont63 atthemselves as potential Nobel Prize winnerswhen theyre64work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from theirresearch and their interest in how life65 ."
51. A. signs
B. claims
C. deals
D. honors
52. A. lost
B. taken
C. won
D. snatched
53. A. handed
B. shouted
C. read
D. delivered
54. A. had
B. received
C. shared
D. collected
55. A. rivals
B. matches
C. counterparts
D. partners
56. A. backed
B. opened
C. picked
D. worked
57. A. proposals
B. suggestions
C. ideas
D. hints
58. A. saw
B. discovered
C. invented
D. heard
59. A. groups
B. divisions
C. samples
D. categories
60. A. find
B. select
C. locate
D. search
61. A. awarded
B. sent
C. invited
D. demanded
62. A. ordinary
B. historical
C. ongoing
D. groundbreaking
63. A. regard
B. laugh
C. look
D. smile
64. A. on
B. for
C. with
D. at
65. A. means
B. passes
C. functions
D. rises
答案與解析
51.D。本題考查語(yǔ)義。題干：澳大利亞出生的美國(guó)公民Elizabeth Blackburn和Carol Greider已經(jīng)贏得了一系列醫(yī)學(xué)__________。根據(jù)標(biāo)題和上文可知，這里講的是兩人所獲得的醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，只有honor能與此語(yǔ)義相關(guān)。故本題選D。
52.C。本題考查語(yǔ)義線索。題干：從l901年第一屆諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)__________開(kāi)始，只有7個(gè)女性曾經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。鑒于前文談?wù)摰氖谦@得醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的主題，因此這里填入“贏得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)”最合適。
53.A。本題考查固定詞組的含義。題干：從1901年第一屆諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)__________開(kāi)始，只有7個(gè)女性曾經(jīng)獲得醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)�！癶and out”意為“分發(fā)，發(fā)給，散發(fā)”，符合此處的語(yǔ)境，其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)與out組成的短語(yǔ)都不合適。
54.C。此處考查固定搭配。題干：上一個(gè)女性諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者是美國(guó)科學(xué)家Linda Buck，她于2004年與Richard Axel共同__________該獎(jiǎng)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有share與后面的介詞with搭配，share sth.with sb.意為“與某人分享某物”，其他三個(gè)詞都不能與with搭配。
55.A。這里考查語(yǔ)義線索。題干：在二人可能的__________中，法國(guó)人Pierre Chambon與美國(guó)人Ronald Evans和Elwood Jensen，他們研究蛋白質(zhì)的領(lǐng)域，被稱(chēng)為核激素受體。從列舉的人名來(lái)看，應(yīng)該都是有可能獲得的科學(xué)家，所以他們之間為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手關(guān)系，因此答案為A。
56.B。這里考查固定短語(yǔ)的含義。題干：在二人可能的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手中，法國(guó)人Pierre Chambon與美國(guó)人Ronald Evans和Elwood Jensen，他們__________研究蛋白質(zhì)的領(lǐng)域，被稱(chēng)為核激素受體。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與后面的介詞up搭配，但是只有openup(打開(kāi)，開(kāi)創(chuàng)，開(kāi)放)比較符合此處的語(yǔ)境。
57.D。這里考查語(yǔ)義線索。題干：通常情況下，在斯德哥爾摩的卡洛林斯卡研究所舉行的新聞發(fā)布會(huì)公布決定前，評(píng)選委員會(huì)不會(huì)給任何進(jìn)展中的。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入原文語(yǔ)境，“評(píng)委會(huì)不會(huì)透露任何與獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)有關(guān)的線索或提示”比較符合語(yǔ)境，所以該題答案為D。
58.C。這里考查語(yǔ)義。題干：阿爾弗雷德諾貝爾是瑞典人，他__________炸藥，并根據(jù)其遺囑設(shè)立諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)在醫(yī)學(xué)、物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、文學(xué)、和平等__________。眾所周知，諾貝爾是炸藥的發(fā)明者，所以答案為C。
59.D。這里考查語(yǔ)義線索。題干：阿爾弗雷德諾貝爾是瑞典人，他發(fā)明炸藥，并根據(jù)其遺囑設(shè)立諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)在醫(yī)學(xué)、物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、文學(xué)、和平等__________。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)設(shè)立于醫(yī)學(xué)、物理學(xué)、化學(xué)、文學(xué)、和平等領(lǐng)域，所以category比較符合語(yǔ)境，其中division一般指分支、分部等，所以該題答案為D。
60.B。這里考查語(yǔ)義線索。題干：諾貝爾對(duì)于如何__________獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邲](méi)有什么指示，但是醫(yī)學(xué)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)達(dá)_________是因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)具體的研究突破而非一個(gè)研究機(jī)構(gòu)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入語(yǔ)境，select winner(挑選獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?比較符合語(yǔ)境，其他幾個(gè)與語(yǔ)境都不符合，所以正確答案為B。
61.A。這里考查語(yǔ)義的線索。題干：諾貝爾對(duì)于如何挑選獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)邲](méi)有什么指示，但是醫(yī)學(xué)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呤且驗(yàn)橐粋�(gè)具體的研究突破而非一個(gè)研究機(jī)構(gòu)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入后，award the winner意為“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)/授予獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺北容^符合語(yǔ)境，所以該題答案為A。
62.D。這里是考查語(yǔ)義線索。題干：諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)評(píng)獎(jiǎng)委員會(huì)的秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)Hans Jomvall認(rèn)為10萬(wàn)克朗(約合l30萬(wàn)美元)鼓勵(lì)了__________研究，但是他不認(rèn)為獲獎(jiǎng)是科學(xué)家的首要目標(biāo)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入后，“鼓勵(lì)了開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的研究”比較符合語(yǔ)境，所以該題答案為D。
63.C。這里考查固定短語(yǔ)的搭配。Jornvall跟美聯(lián)社的記者說(shuō)，個(gè)體的研究者可能不會(huì)將他們__________為潛在的諾貝爾獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)�，�?dāng)他們——工作的`時(shí)候。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有l(wèi)ook at sb.as…(將某人視作……)為固定搭配，且符合語(yǔ)境。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中regard不能與介詞at搭配，而laugh/smile可以與at搭配，但是不能與as搭配，所以該題答案為C。
64.D。這里考查固定搭配。題干：Jomvall跟美聯(lián)社的記者說(shuō)，個(gè)體的研究者可能不會(huì)將他們__________為潛在的諾貝爾獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)�，�?dāng)他們__________工作的時(shí)候。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有be at work(在工作，在上班)為固定搭配，所以該題答案為D。
65.C。該題考查語(yǔ)義線索。題干：他們愛(ài)上了他們的研究，并培養(yǎng)了他們研究生命如何的興趣。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別代入后發(fā)現(xiàn)，pass和rise不符合語(yǔ)境，means和function中how life means具有迷惑性，其實(shí)正確的表達(dá)為what life means(生命意味著什么)，所以該題的正確答案為C。
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)歷年真題《衛(wèi)生B》完形填空題 2
Freezing to Death for Beauty
People in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend off the cold.In the United States, however, people wear (51) partly because the car is theprimary mode of transportation. Cars take (52) straight to their workplaces,which are heated well. The American diet is full of calories, so their (53)canafford to burn heat more quickly.
Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay (54) Lots ofYale girls wear skirts (55) when its 10 degrees Centigrade outside. Some ofthem at least wear boots, tights, and leg-warmers1.Some,however, really just gofor the look (56)the risk of health2.These girls have nothing to prevent theirlegs (57)the wind, and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pairof stilettos are all that they wear.
Typically, the ones pursuing fashion are (58) with little body fat. Just bythe nature of their bodies, they are already at a disadvantage compared withnormal people in (59) weather. I have always (60), whenever I pass these girls,how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring hadarrived3.
And then there are the guys. The girls can be said to (61) health forbeauty. But why do guys (62)so little? It is not like, once they shed somelayers, they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly beingfashionable when they (63)wear sporty shorts and shower slippers in the midstof winter. Its not cute.
Of course, people have the freedom to look whatever (64) he want. I am justsurprised that, given the vast difference between winter and summertemperatures in Connecticut, they can still (65)like they are partying on thebeach in the middle of February.
51. A. scarce B. less C. littleD. least
52. A. people B. students C. shoppers D.them
53. A. arms B. heads C. legs D.bodies
54. A. bony B. thin C. fashionable D. hungry
55. A. even B. sometimes C.frequently D. occasionally
56. A. in B. for C.at D. on
57. A. with B. against C. aboveD. under
58. A. fat B. ugly C. short D.skinny
59. A. warm B. cold C. cool D.hot
60. A. dreamed B. stated C. claimed D.wondered
61. A. sacrifice B. devote C.suffer D. endure
62. A. bear B. carry C. wear D.put on
63. A. only B. seldom C. rarelyD. hardly
64. A. method B. road C. way D.avenue
65. A. see B. resemble C. show D.look
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)歷年真題《衛(wèi)生B》完形填空題 3
If you cannot see, you may not be able to find your way out of a burning building-and that could be fatal. A company in Leeds could change all that__1__ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.
Sound Alert, a company__2__ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for__3__ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.__4__produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine the __5__ is coming from.
Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be __6__ by humans. "It is a burst of white noise__7__ people say sounds like static on the radio," he says. "Its life-saving potential is great"
She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of a large__8__ room. It__9__ them nearly our minutes to find the door__10__ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.
Withington studies how the brain__11__ sounds at the university. She says that the __12__ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band. Alarms__13__ on the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.
The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up__14__ down stairs. They were__15__ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.
1. A) without B)with C)having D)selling
2. A) run by B)changed by C) decorated by D)criticized by
3. A) slow B)deaf C)blind D)lame
4. A) Alarms B) Alarm C) The alarm D) The alarms
5. A) noise B) sound C) music D) bell
6. A) watched B) produced C) learnt D) heard
7. A) where B) what C) that D) how
8. A) smoked B) smoke-filled C) filled with smoke D) smoke-filling
9. A) has taken B) takes C) took D) will take
10. A) on B) near C) without D) from
11. A) processes B) produces C) possesses D) proceeds
12. A) feature B) quality C)diagram D) source
13. A) basis on B) base on C) basing on D) based on
14. A) or B) and C) but D) otherwise
15. A) developed B) determined C) discovered D) delivered
key: BACDB DCBCC ADDAA
The Greatest Mystery of Whales
The whale is a mammal - warm-blooded, air-breathing, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them-and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many signs of this. __1__ front flippers, used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.
Immense strength is built into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale’s body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale’s pulling __2__ has been estimated at 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have __3__ a whaling vessel for seven hours at the __4__ of eight knots.
An enraged whale will attack a ship. A famous __5__ of this was the fate of whaler Essex, which was sunk __6__ South America early in the last century. More recently, steel ships have had their plates buckled in the same way. Sperm whales were known to __7__ the old-time whaleboats in their jaws and crush them.
The greatest mystery of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale __8__ the bottom for his favourite food, the octopus. __9__ he is known to go as far down as 3,200 feet, where the pressure is 1,400 pounds, to the square inch. Doing __10__ he will remain submerged as long as one hour. Two feats are involved in this : storing up enough __11__(all whales are air-breathed) and withstanding the great change in pressure. Just __12__ he dose it scientists have not determined. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special system of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs. And __13__ that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that automatically adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But __14__ you can’t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one __15__ just how these things work.
EXERCISE:
1. A)Their B)His C)Theirs D)Its
2. A)strength B)width C)height D)length
3. A)eaten B)crashed C)towed D)lifted
4. A)distance B)rate C)voyage D)sail
5. A)picture B)film C)example D)book
6. A)off the coast of B)of the coast of C0away the coast of D)in the coast of
7. A)hit B)seize C)damage D)overturn
8. A)sink to B)rest on C)dive to D)hide on
9. A)In that search B)Because of this C)In spite of that D)In support of this
10. A)so B)such C)above D)the same
11. A)air B)oxygen C)energy D)heat
12. A)what B)where C)how D)when
13. A)it is believed B)he believes C)we believe D)it believes
14. A)because of B)due to C)since D)owing to
15. A)communicates B)knows C)hears D)develops
KEY:D A C B C A B C A A B C A C B
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)歷年真題《衛(wèi)生B》完形填空題 4
Avalanche (雪崩) and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside. Avalanches are__________ (1) the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.
All avalanches are caused by an overburden of material, typically snowpack (積雪場(chǎng)), that is too massive and trustable for the slope__________(2) supports it. Determining the critical load,the amount of over-burden which is __________ (3) to cause an avalanche, __________ (4) a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.
Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low __________(5) of avalanche. Snow does not __________(6) significantly on steep slopes; also, snow does not__________(7) easily on flat slopes. Human-triggered (激發(fā)) avalanches have the greatest incidence(發(fā)生率) when the snows angle of rest is __________(8) 35 and 45 degrees; the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees. The rule of thumb (經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則) is: A slope that is__________(9) enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle. Additionally, avalanche risk increases with__________ (10); that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.
Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry (人煙稀少的地區(qū))is never 100% safe. Good avalanche safety is a continuous__________(11), including route selection and examination to the snowpack, weather __________ (12), and human factors. Several we|l-known good habits can also __________ (13)the risk. If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid__________(14) to. Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations; snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made. Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are__________ (15) or damaged. Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.
1.A. among
B. of
C. to
D. in
2.A. when
B. that
C. who
D. whose
3.A. mostly
B. likely
C. clearly
D. surely
4.A. are
B. will be
C. is
D. was
5.A. weight
B. form
C. risk
D. work
6.A. fall
B. flow
C. roll
D. gather
7.A. fall
B. flow
C. roll
D. gather
8.A. among
B. between
C. with
D. for
9.A. thick
B. thin
C. flat
D. rocky
10. A. use
B. time
C. snow
D. rain
11. A. journey
B. trip
C. Fact
D. process
12. A. conditions
B. reports
C. forecast
D. event
13. A. increase
B. reduce
C. improve
D. remove
14. A. price
B. effort
C. attention
D. money
15. A. missing
B. grown
C. big
D. fresh
答案解析：
1.A。這里考查的是介詞。這里是說(shuō)，雪崩是山上可能發(fā)生的最大危險(xiǎn)之一，因此應(yīng)該選擇among(在……之中)。
2.B。這里考查的是定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的選用原則，確定答案為that，具體參見(jiàn)定語(yǔ)從句【備考助手】。
3.B。這里是說(shuō)，過(guò)度的雪積壓導(dǎo)致雪崩。顯然是可能而不是必定導(dǎo)致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。
4.C。這里考查的是主謂一致。該句的主語(yǔ)是determining the critical load，從上下文來(lái)看應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，所以C是正確答案。
5.C。這里是說(shuō)，坡度小于25度或者大于60度有較低的發(fā)生雪崩的__________ 。weight(重量)、form(形式)、risk(風(fēng)險(xiǎn))、work(工作)分別代入，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。后面的句子解釋了a low risk ofavalanche的道理，證實(shí)了應(yīng)選risk。
6.D。第6題和第7題是講為什么坡度小于25度或者大于60度發(fā)生雪崩的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低。本句是說(shuō)，在坡度大的坡上，雪不會(huì)大量。9ather(聚集)符合語(yǔ)境，因?yàn)樵谄露却蟮钠律涎┎痪奂挪粫?huì)發(fā)生雪崩。
7.B。本句是說(shuō)，在較為平坦的坡面，雪不會(huì)輕易__________ 。roll(滑動(dòng))符合語(yǔ)境，因?yàn)樵谳^為平坦的'坡面上雪不會(huì)輕易滑動(dòng)，所以發(fā)生雪崩的危險(xiǎn)比較低。
8.B。本句是說(shuō)，坡度在35——45度之間，最可能發(fā)生人為觸發(fā)的雪崩。between意為“在……之間”。
9.C。這個(gè)句子說(shuō)的是什么樣的山坡最易發(fā)生雪崩，flat有“平坦”之意，與后面的steep形成對(duì)比。
10.A。句中的that is表明，后半部分是對(duì)前半部分的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。所以，這里要根據(jù)下文的意思判斷。use是最佳選擇。整個(gè)句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越可能發(fā)生。
11.D。盡管選項(xiàng)A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，從全段的內(nèi)容判斷，只有process是最佳選擇，因?yàn)樵摱蚊鑼?xiě)的是如何防備雪崩及如何做好安全措施等一系列問(wèn)題。
12.A。從上下文來(lái)看，這里談?wù)摰氖侨绾畏纻溲┍�，包括路線的選擇，對(duì)積雪的選擇，天氣和人為因素。選項(xiàng)A、B、C都可以與weather搭配，但是根據(jù)上下文，只有weather condition(天氣狀況)最符合語(yǔ)境。
13.B。從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，這里還是談?wù)撊绾畏纻溲┍�，所以選項(xiàng)A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思，因?yàn)椴豢赡芡耆┍赖碾[患。
14.c。該句主句使用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞是pay attention to的被動(dòng)形式。選項(xiàng)A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。
15.A。從上下文語(yǔ)境來(lái)看，該句是作者給出的一系列忠告之一，包括認(rèn)真觀察地形、注意明顯的雪崩路徑。這里的or是解題線索，表示or前后的詞在意思上接近，所以選擇missing(缺少的)。
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