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歷年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉真題訓(xùn)練題

　　在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，很多人都經(jīng)常追著老師們要知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧，知識(shí)點(diǎn)也可以通俗的理解為重要的內(nèi)容。為了幫助大家掌握重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)，下面是小編幫大家整理的歷年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉真題訓(xùn)練題，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。

歷年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉真題訓(xùn)練題

　　歷年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉真題訓(xùn)練題 1

　　Climate Change: The Long Reach

　　(1) Earth is warming. Sea levels are rising. Theres more carbon in the air, and Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history. Scientists who study the environment to better gauge (評(píng)估) Earths future climate now argue that these changes may not reverse for a very long time.

　　(2) People burn fossil fuels like coal and oil for energy. That burning releases carbon dioxide, a colorless gas. In the air, this gas traps heat at Earths surface. And the more carbon dioxide released, the more the planet warms. If current consumption of fossil fuels doesnt slow, the long-term climate impacts could last thousands of years--and be more severe than scientists had been expecting. Climatologist Richard Zeebe of the University of Hawaii at Manoa offers this conclusion in a new paper.

　　(3) Most climate-change studies look at whats going to happen in the next century or so. During that time, changes in the planets environment could nudge ( 推動(dòng)) global warming even higher. For example: Snow and ice reflect sunlight back into space. But as these melt,sunlight can now reach--and warm--the exposed ground. This extra heat raises the air temperature even more, causing even more snow to melt. This type of rapid exaggeration of impacts is called a "fast feedback".

　　(4) Zeebe says its important to look at fast feedbacks. However, he adds, theyre limited. From a climate change perspective. "This century is the most important time for the next few generations," he told Science News. "But the world is not ending in 2100." For his new study,Zeebe now focuses on "slow feedbacks". While fast feedback events unfold over decades or centuries, slow feedbacks can take thousands of years. Melting of continental ice sheets and the migration of plant life--as they relocate to more comfortable areas--are two examples of slow feedbacks.

　　(5) Zeebe gathered information from previously published studies investigating how such processes played out over thousands of years during past dramatic changes in climate.Then he came up with a forecast for the future that accounts for both slow and fast feedback processes. Climate forecasts that use only fast feedbacks predict a 4.5 degree Celsius (8.1 degree Fahrenheit) change by the year 3000. But slow feedbacks added another 1.5 ℃--for a 6 total increase, Zeebe reports. He also found that stow feedback events will cause global warming to persist for thousands of years after people run out of fossil fuels to burn.

　　23～26概括大意

　　23. Paragraph 2__________

　　24. Paragraph 3 __________

　　25. Paragraph 4 __________

　　26. Paragraph 5 __________

　　A. Rising of sea levels

　　B. Impact of burning fossil fuels

　　C. Fast feedbacks

　　D. Slow feedbacks

　　E. Unpredictability of feedback processes

　　F. A prediction of future climate change

　　27～30完成句子

　　27. Arctic ice has never been melting so fast in __________.

　　28. Melting of snow and ice enables sunlight to reach __________.

　　29. Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction by analyzing __________.

　　30. After fossil fuels are used up, global warming will continue for__________.

　　A. the exposed ground

　　B. a very long time

　　C. the extra heat

　　D. recorded history

　　E. previously published studies

　　F. rapid exaggeration of impacts

　　23.A。題干：第二段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。本段屬于遞進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu)。首句講到“人們經(jīng)常燃燒化石燃料來(lái)獲取熱量和能量”，從第二句開(kāi)始闡述燃燒化石燃料會(huì)釋放二氧化碳，從而對(duì)氣候產(chǎn)生影響。因此本段的主題是B(燃燒化石燃料的影響)。

　　24.C。題干：第三段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段的主題句為最后一句：這個(gè)過(guò)程叫作fast feedback。

　　25.D。題干：第四段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段為轉(zhuǎn)折結(jié)構(gòu)。第一句為引子“看快速反饋是十分重要的”，第二旬前的however使得話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，認(rèn)為快速反應(yīng)是有局限的，從而可推理得知該段的'主題為slow feedback，這與該段中間的總結(jié)是一致的。故本題選D。

　　26.F。題干：第五段的主要內(nèi)容是__________。該段主題句為第二句：(在基于以前收集的信息基礎(chǔ)上)他得出了解釋未來(lái)快速反應(yīng)與慢速反應(yīng)進(jìn)程的結(jié)論以及由此結(jié)論得到氣候上升度數(shù)不同的結(jié)論。因此本題選F最合適。

　　27.D。題干：北極的冰在從未融化得如此之快。根據(jù)Arctic ice回到原文定位到第一段第二句“Arctic ice is melting faster than at any time in recorded history.”可知，該空應(yīng)該填入D。

　　28.A。題干：冰雪的融化使得陽(yáng)光能達(dá)到__________。根據(jù)melting snow and ice回到原文定位到第三段，由“Butasthesemelt，sunlightcannow reach—andwam—theexposedground”可知該空應(yīng)該填入the exposed ground。這里的these指代的就是melting snow and ice。

　　29.E。題干：Zeebe通過(guò)分析__________預(yù)測(cè)了未來(lái)氣候變化。通過(guò)Zeebe came up with his future climate prediction回到原文定位到最后一段，首句中有答案：收集以前的研究數(shù)據(jù)。

　　30.B。題干：化石燃燒盡了之后，全球變暖還會(huì)__________。用After fossil fuels are used up定位到末段的最后一句“causeglobalwarmingtopersistforthousands ofyears afterpeople run out offossil fuels to bum”，可知該空答案為B。其中use up與run out對(duì)應(yīng)，thousands of years對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的a very long time。

　　歷年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉真題訓(xùn)練題 2

　　Maglev Trains

　　A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1, which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.

　　If you’ve ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.

　　The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.

　　The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine-at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains.

　　The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train’s undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

　　Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.

　　23. Paragraph 3 _____

　　24. Paragraph 4 _____

　　25. Paragraph 5 _____

　　26. Paragraph 6 _____

　　A. The Main Components of the Maglev Train System

　　B. High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction

　　C. The Working Principle of the Maglev Train

　　D. Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field

　　E. Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones

　　F. Maglev with a Powerful Motor

　　27. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets _____.

　　28. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery _____.