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職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生C概括大意歷年考題解析
要建設(shè)，就必須有知識(shí)，必須掌握科學(xué)。而要有知識(shí)，就必須學(xué)習(xí)，頑強(qiáng)地、耐心地學(xué)習(xí)。向所有的人學(xué)習(xí)，不論向敵人或朋友都要學(xué)習(xí)，特別是向敵人學(xué)習(xí)。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的職稱英語(yǔ)衛(wèi)生C概括大意歷年考題解析，希望對(duì)正在關(guān)注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內(nèi)容請(qǐng)及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
Ebola Outbreak
1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak.
Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contacted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.
2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak:
Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.
3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contacting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Spbcifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though, the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.
4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contacting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.
5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body.This causes an over-stimulation of the body's inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body's normal clotting mechanism(凝血機(jī)制), making bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注), ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (瘧疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world's most fatal viral infections. Ebola's fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 4 __________
26. Paragraph 5 __________
A. Am I at risk of contacting the virus?
B. Is the current outbreak the deadlines?
C. How do I know ifI have contacted the virus?
D. What areas are currently affected?
E. What exactly does Ebola do to the body?
F. What caused the Ebola outbreak?
27. The initial Ebola outbreak was found in
28. The difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in__________.
29. The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear __________.
30. The Ebola virus transmits by contact with __________.
A. infected body fluids
B. against the outbreak severity
C. the mode of transmission
D. the initial days of being infected
E. three countries in West Africa
F. within a wide range of days
Eye Problems
1 Our eyes are under a great deal of strain these days as computer work, television viewing, night driving, and even sunshine are making exceptional demands. Sunlight, especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts ( 白內(nèi)障).
2 The thinning of the ozone (臭氧) layer means more short-wave ultraviolet (UV) rays (紫外線)are reaching the earth, and these are the biggest risk factor for clouding the lens of the eye.
Ultraviolet rays increase the risk of changes to the cornea (角膜) causing clouded vision andeventually cataracts. The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses. However, our eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses.
3 “Poor night vision and eye fatigue are noticeably more common, and there has been a big increase in minor eye complaints in the over-40s," says Dr. M/re/lle Bonnet, who took part in recent research. She says that the six muscles controlling each eye move more than100,000 times a day and that everyone should learn to exercise their eye muscles and allow them to rest.
4 It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents and could not be influenced by environmental factors, but new research is challenging this assumption.
5 Recent studies suggest that up to 80 percent of schoolchildren in the United States and western Europe are nearsighted. Years of focusing on close, two-dimensional work causes most children to become at least slightly nearsighted by the age of 10, say the researchers.
6 Problems with night vision, which affect around 25 percent of people, are also on the increase because of computer use. Using computer screens means the eye must operate in electromagnetic fields (電磁場(chǎng)) that make it work harder. It is estimated that 25 to 30 percent of people have eye conditions, such as difficulty with night vision, which results from staring at a screen.
23. Paragraph 2 __________
24. Paragraph 3 __________
25. Paragraph 5 __________
26. Paragraph 6 __________
A. The development of poor night vision
B. The greatest threat to the eyes
C. The function of sunglasses
D. The reason for children's nearsightedness
E. The effects of computer on the eyes
F. The ways to reduce eve comolaints
27. Sunlight in the summer is believed to be one cause of__________.
28. We can wear anti-UV glasses to protect ___________.
29. We used to believe that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from __________.
30. Over 25% of people are estimated to have difficulty with night vision due to __________.
A. our parents
B. clouded vision
C. eye muscles
D. our eyes
E. computer use
F. eye move
Traffic Jams--No End in Sight
1 Traffic congestion (擁堵) affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U. S., commuters (通勤人員) spend an average of a full working week each year sitting in traffic jams, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available,most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.
2 The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centres thanks to congestion pricing.
3 Another way to reduce rush-hour traffic is for employers to implement flextime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staffto telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars offthe road altogether.
4 Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded "city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars offthe road; they only accommodate more of them.
Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public-transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the$50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.
23. Paragraph 1 __________
24. Paragraph 2__________
25. Paragraph 3 ___________
26. Paragraph 4 __________
A. Paying to get in
B. Changing work practice
C. Not doing enough
D. A solution which is no solution
E. Closing city centres to traffic
F. A global problem
27. Most American drivers think it convenient to __________.
28. If charged high enough, some drivers may __________to enter certain parts of town.
29. Building more roads is not an effective way to __________.
30. The U. S. government has planned to __________updating public-transport systems.
A. reduce traffic jams
B. drive around
C. go by bus
D. spend more money
E. travel regularly
F. encourage more private cars
答案與解析
2015年真題
23.D。從第二段的首尾句來(lái)看，第一句講的是三個(gè)主要發(fā)生埃博拉疫情的國(guó)家，尾句說(shuō)的是其他發(fā)生埃博拉病例的國(guó)家，故D(哪些地區(qū)目前受到疫情影響)是正確答案。
【備考助手】段落大意一般是段落的首旬和尾句，很少的時(shí)候是在中間的句子，特別是中間的句子帶有“yet，but，however”等轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的時(shí)候。如果段落之中沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，則需要根據(jù)大意或者高頻詞匯進(jìn)行判斷。
24.A。第三段首句是主題句，“如果你沒(méi)有去過(guò)三個(gè)疫情感染的國(guó)家，那么你感染埃博拉病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為零”，即討論的是埃博拉病毒的感染，故A(我有沒(méi)有感染埃博拉病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?)是正確答案。
25.C。第四段的主題句是首句，埃博拉病毒的癥狀不是很具體，病人一般在病毒感染一周之后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)典型的癥狀，所以該段主要談?wù)摪２├《镜陌Y狀。因而D(我如何知道自己是否感染了埃博拉病毒?)是正確答案。
26.E。第五段的主題句是首句，埃博拉病毒具有破壞性是因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)在人體的任何器官內(nèi)進(jìn)行攻擊和復(fù)制，故E(埃博拉病毒對(duì)身體到底有何影響?)是正確答案。
27.E。題干：最早埃博拉病毒爆發(fā)是在__________發(fā)現(xiàn)的。利用出題順序與段落順序一致的原則，利用題干關(guān)鍵詞the initial Ebola outbreak可以定位到第二段的首句，“即到目前為止，只有西非的三個(gè)國(guó)家正在經(jīng)歷埃博拉病毒的大爆發(fā)”，所以答案為E(西非的三個(gè)國(guó)家)
28.C。題干：SARS和埃博拉病毒的不同之處在于__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞difference，SARS和Ebola可以定位到第三段第二句，可知與其他在空氣中傳播的病毒如SARS不同，埃博拉病毒只能通過(guò)直接與感染人群接觸而傳播，故選C(傳播方式)。
29.F。題干：病人感染埃博拉病毒的癥狀最初出現(xiàn) __________ 。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞symptoms和firstappear可以定位到第四段的前兩句，可知埃博拉病毒的癥狀不具體，通常在感染一周之后才有明顯癥狀，癥狀最早出現(xiàn)時(shí)感染兩天后，最晚是感染三周之后，所答案為E(在好多天的范圍之內(nèi))。
30.A。題干：埃博拉病毒通過(guò)與__________的接觸進(jìn)行傳播。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞Ebola virus，transmits和contact可以定位到第三段的第二句和第三句，可知與其他在空氣中傳播的病毒如SARS不同，埃博拉病毒只能通過(guò)直接與感染人群接觸而傳播，具體來(lái)說(shuō)，埃博拉通過(guò)與體液的接觸進(jìn)行傳播。因此該題答案選A(受感染的體液)。
2014年真題
23.B。第二段的主題句為第一句，即臭氧層的稀薄意味著更多的紫外線到達(dá)地球，而這些紫外線是視線模糊的最大危險(xiǎn)因素，所以選項(xiàng)B(眼鏡的最大威脅)為正確答案。
24.F。第三段沒(méi)有明顯主題句，該段主要講40歲以上的人群中很多都有小的眼睛問(wèn)題，往往是因?yàn)橛醚圻^(guò)度造成的，因而要學(xué)會(huì)鍛煉眼部肌肉并使其得到休息，所以選項(xiàng)F(減少眼病的方法)為正確答案。
25.D。第五段沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，該段講到美國(guó)和歐洲有80%的孩子都患有近視眼，而長(zhǎng)期盯著平面的東西是主要原因，所以選項(xiàng)D(孩子患近視眼的原因)為正確答案。
26.E。第六段的主題句為第一句，即“在地表之下有很大的天然氣儲(chǔ)存”，所以選項(xiàng)E(電腦對(duì)眼鏡的影響)為正確答案。
27.B。題干：夏天的陽(yáng)光被認(rèn)為是__________的原因。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞sunlight in summer可以定位到第一段“Sunlight，especially in the summer,is now regarded as one cause of cataracts”。由此可知，夏天的陽(yáng)光容易引起白內(nèi)障，再定位cataracts可以定位到第二段“…the comea causing clouded vision and eventually cataracts”，由此可知選項(xiàng)B(模糊的視覺)為正確答案。
28.D。題干：我們可以戴防紫外線的太陽(yáng)鏡來(lái)保護(hù)__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞anti.uV可以定位到第二段“The rays can be shielded only by anti-UV lenses.However,OUr eyes are not sufficiently protected by fashion sunglasses”，意為“紫外線可以通過(guò)防紫外線的眼鏡得到防御。但是，我們的眼睛并未從那些時(shí)尚的太陽(yáng)鏡得到充分的保護(hù)”，所以選項(xiàng)D(我們的眼睛)為正確答案。
29.A。題干：我們過(guò)去常常認(rèn)為近視眼或遠(yuǎn)視眼是遺傳于__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞near-or far-eyesight和inherit可以定位第四段“It was traditionally thought that near-or far-sightedness were inherited from our parents”，意為“傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為近視或者遠(yuǎn)視是從父母那里遺傳來(lái)的”，所有選項(xiàng)A(我們的父母)為正確答案。
30.E。題干：超過(guò)25%的人有夜晚視覺的'問(wèn)題，因?yàn)開_________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞23%可以定位到最后一段“Problems with night vision，which affect around 25 percent of people,are also on the increase because of computer use”，意為“夜晚視覺的問(wèn)題，
影響了約25%的人群，因?yàn)殡娔X的使用數(shù)量還在增加”，所以選項(xiàng)E(電腦的使用)為正確答案。
2013年真題
23.F。第一段首句是主題句，交通擁擠影響到了全世界的人，故F(全球問(wèn)題)是正確答案。
24。A。第二段首旬是主題句，最有希望減少城市擁擠的技術(shù)被稱為擁堵收費(fèi)，即車輛在一天的特定時(shí)段進(jìn)入城里的特定區(qū)域是要收費(fèi)的。故A(付費(fèi)進(jìn)入)是正確答案。
25.B。第三段首句是主題旬，另一種緩解交通高峰期的方法是雇主實(shí)行彈性工作時(shí)間，這可以讓員工在非高峰期往返工作，以避開上下班的高峰，因而B(改變上下班慣例)是正確答案。
26.D。第四段沒(méi)有主題句，通過(guò)本段可知很多人認(rèn)為緩解交通壓力最好的辦法是多修路，但作者認(rèn)為這種辦法并不能真正解決問(wèn)題。故D(一個(gè)不能解決問(wèn)題的解決方案)是正確答案。
27.B。題干：大部分美國(guó)人認(rèn)為__________很方便。利用關(guān)鍵詞convenient可以定位，根據(jù)第一段最后一句“most people still choose their CarS because they are looking for convenience，comfort and privacy”可知，很多人選擇開車是為了舒適、方便和隱私。因而答案為B。
28.C。題干：如果收費(fèi)足夠高，許多司機(jī)可能__________進(jìn)入城鎮(zhèn)的特定區(qū)域。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞charge可以定位，根據(jù)第二段“In theory，ifthe toll is high enough，some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train.”可知，“理論上，如果收費(fèi)足夠高，有些司機(jī)將會(huì)取消他們的行程或者乘坐公交或火車”，所以C(坐公交)為正確答案。
29.A。題干：建設(shè)更多的路不是__________的有效方法。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞building roads等可以定位，根據(jù)第四段可知，有些城市規(guī)劃者認(rèn)為緩解交通擁擠的最好辦法是建更多的路，但是并不能真的讓車遠(yuǎn)離道路，而只會(huì)容納更多的車。因而修路并不是緩解擁堵的好辦法，所以A(緩解交通擁擠)為正確答案。
30.D。題干：美國(guó)政府計(jì)劃通過(guò)__________來(lái)升級(jí)公共交通系統(tǒng)。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞government和public.transport system等可以定位，根據(jù)第五段倒數(shù)第二句可知，美國(guó)政府決定花費(fèi)70億美元來(lái)提高公共交通系統(tǒng)的通行量，并使用更有效的技術(shù)對(duì)其進(jìn)行升級(jí)，所以D(花費(fèi)更多錢)為正確答案。
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