- 相關(guān)推薦
雅思閱讀判斷題三個(gè)常用高分技巧
雅思閱讀判斷題主要有兩大類題型：一種是TRUE / FALSE/ NOT GIVEN，另一種是YES/ NO/ NOT GIVEN。兩者的出題方法和指令有所不同。下面是小編給大家整理的關(guān)于雅思閱讀判斷題三個(gè)常用高分技巧，歡迎閱讀！
雅思閱讀判斷題三個(gè)高分技巧 1
第一、同義轉(zhuǎn)換
和所有的雅思閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題一樣，判斷題的題目都是基于原文，與原文形成同義轉(zhuǎn)換(paraphrasing)的關(guān)系。同義轉(zhuǎn)換包括同義句型轉(zhuǎn)換和同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換兩種類別。
第二、只考細(xì)節(jié)
判斷題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題，因此幾乎不需要考生對(duì)上下文的理解并進(jìn)行推斷，同時(shí)必須提醒考生不能根據(jù)自己的背景知識(shí)直接判斷。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)來(lái)，考生解題的關(guān)鍵不是對(duì)文章大意的把握，而是找到與題目相關(guān)的原文，根據(jù)原文的信息進(jìn)行解題。
第三、順序原則
從劍橋真題以及考生的實(shí)際考試體驗(yàn)，幾乎所有的判斷題都是嚴(yán)格遵守“順序原則”的，也就是說(shuō)題目的順序與文章的順序是一致的。
雅思閱讀是非無(wú)判斷題應(yīng)試技巧：
1. 關(guān)于“False”和“Not Given”的解釋 (An Explanation of “False” and “Not Given”)
Students generally find this type of exercise rather difficult. One reason is that they are used to doing true and false exercises where the false covers false and not given. Then when they come to do true, false or not given, they cannot make the distinction between the three different types of contradiction and not given. It is therefore important that students are able to understand what false means in true, false and not given. There are three types of contradictions:
學(xué)生通常發(fā)現(xiàn)這種題型很難。其中的原因之一是這些學(xué)生習(xí)慣于做true和false題目，其中的false涵蓋了false和not given兩種情況。所以當(dāng)學(xué)生在做true, false和 not given的題目時(shí)他們無(wú)法區(qū)分三個(gè)不同種類的矛盾對(duì)立狀況和”not given”的區(qū)別。因此，學(xué)生要理解”false”的含義。總共有三種矛盾對(duì)立狀況：
statements which are the opposite of the original text.
命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立(相反)。
statements which are the opposite of the original text, because they are negative.
命題與原文對(duì)立(相反)，因?yàn)槊}否定原文內(nèi)容。
statements where the information is not the opposite or negative, but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.
命題信息既不對(duì)立(相反)也不否定，但是和原文內(nèi)容矛盾。
Look at the examples below relating to the text and exercises:
Example 1
原文：Hurricanes have winds of at least 74 miles per hour.
題目：Hurricanes are winds with the speed of up to 74 miles per hour.
分析：由于原文中的核心內(nèi)容是“at least 74 miles per hour”，而題目中是“up to 74 miles per hour”。因此，這就是False的第一種情況：命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立(相反)。
Example 2
原文：As forecasting improved communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could take measures to evacuate ahead of the storm. While destruction still continues, the number of deaths in hurricanes has dropped significantly.
題目：The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased due to improvements in forecasting.
分析：原文的核心內(nèi)容是“While destruction still continues”，而題目中的內(nèi)容是“The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased”。因此，這就是False的第二種情況：命題否定原文內(nèi)容。
Example 3
原文：In 1609, a fleet of ships carrying settlers from England to Virginia USA was struck by a hurricane. Some of the ships were damaged and part of the fleet grounded on Bermuda, an isolated nation in the Atlantic. These passengers became the first people to live on Bermuda.
題目：The first people to live on Bermuda were settlers who chose to live there as alternative to England.
分析：通過(guò)原文和題目比較我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：沒有明顯的對(duì)立和否定的詞匯出現(xiàn)。而是通過(guò)句式結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換產(chǎn)生了題目和文章信息的矛盾。因此，這就是False的第三種情況。
那么，not given是如何判斷呢?我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)例子：
Example 4
原文：The Mayans also showed their respect for hurricanes by building their major settlements away from the hurricane-prone coast-line.
題目：The Mayans lost many of their major settlements because of hurricanes.
分析：盡管題目和原文中有對(duì)應(yīng)的詞出現(xiàn)：The Mayans和major settlements，但是題目中的因果關(guān)系在文章中并沒有體現(xiàn)。也沒于出現(xiàn)有關(guān)“l(fā)ost”的相應(yīng)表述。因此我們可以判斷此題為not given。
2. What is the keyword? 什么是關(guān)鍵詞
Select ONE keyword from each of the following:
從以下的句子中劃出一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞：
Networking is not a modern idea.
People fall into two basic categories.
All teachers are cynics.
The first piece of Hesse’s art has little effect on visitors to the gallery.
The New Forest has already been made into a National Park.
Suggested answers:
參考答案：
not
two
all
little or perhaps first
already
The suggested answers I’ve given may not seem that obvious to the students who would possibly consider keywords such as 'modern' or 'New Forest' as more significant. However, the keywords shown have a greater significance in terms of the meaning of the whole statement and illustrate a number of traps in the test. For instance:
我所給出的參考答案又有可能對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)不是那么明顯。學(xué)生有可能認(rèn)為諸如”modern”或”New Forest” 這一類關(guān)鍵詞更重要一些。但是，根據(jù)整個(gè)題目的意義來(lái)說(shuō)，參考答案所給出的關(guān)鍵詞更加重要，而且體現(xiàn)了考試出題的陷阱。請(qǐng)看以下例子的分析:
'not' makes the statement negative as opposed to possibly being positive in the text
'two' determines a specific number of categories which may differ in the text.
'all' determines that every teacher is a cynic and not a proportion of.
'little' has a negative connotation as opposed to 'a little' another one to watch out for is 'few' and 'a few'
'already' shows that the New Forest was made into a National Park in the past and is not a future proposal i.e. an indication of past, present or future time.
These examples hence illustrate the importance of looking out for: negativity, a specific number, the whole or a proportion of, positive and negative connotation and reference to time. Other ones to watch out for include:
這些例子搜尋以下關(guān)鍵詞的重要性：否定詞，具體的數(shù)字，限定范圍的詞，具有肯定或否定意義的詞和時(shí)間指示詞。其他的需要搜尋的關(guān)鍵詞包括：
l Modals e.g. words like must, should, have to (varying degrees of obligation or certainty)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(表示不同程度的義務(wù)和確定性)
l Adverbs of frequency e.g. sometimes, always
頻率副詞，如sometimes, always
l Words such as most, some, all
諸如most, some, all等限定詞
3. 同義轉(zhuǎn)換能力 (Paraphrasing Ability)
A paraphrase is a restatement of a paragraph, sentence, or word.
我們通過(guò)對(duì)一道TRUE/YES考題的分析來(lái)掌握同義轉(zhuǎn)換能力。
EXAMPLE
The original sentence (文章原句):
“Until recently, criminologists could not afford to analyze DNA evidence for all homicide cases.”
An effective paraphrase of this sentence(題目中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換):
“Crime labs now can use DNA for all murder cases.”
NOTE: This paraphrase utilizes synonyms to replace key words. Some are very close (DNA vs. DNA evidence and homicide vs. murder), while others take more liberties (criminologists vs. crime labs and could not vs. now can). The essential meaning has been retained, however, despite these significant changes.
通過(guò)上述的分析，總結(jié)出以下四種同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換技巧：
◆ replace a Phrase with a Word (or a Word with a Phrase) 單詞詞組轉(zhuǎn)換
Until recently轉(zhuǎn)換成了now，criminologists轉(zhuǎn)換成了Crime labs
◆ Start the Sentence Differently 句型結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換
原句采用了Until recently……criminologists could not的結(jié)構(gòu), 而在題目中的運(yùn)用了Crime labs now can……的結(jié)構(gòu)
◆ Replace a Word with a Synonym 同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換
同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換包含了詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換的內(nèi)容，但更注重的是對(duì)于單詞本身的替換。
上面例子中最明顯的同義詞替換就是homicide和murder。另外analyze和use的替換也屬于這種情況。
◆ Change Passive into Active Voice/Negative Slant to Positive 主動(dòng)被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換/ 否定肯定轉(zhuǎn)換
這種轉(zhuǎn)換方式和句型結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換有相似的地方，但更注重表達(dá)方式的理解。如”until recently……could not afford to analyze……” 轉(zhuǎn)換成了”……now can use……”
雅思閱讀判斷題三個(gè)高分技巧 2
一、真亦假時(shí)假亦真
Truth is always attended by a bodyguard of lies.
真亦假時(shí)假亦真，無(wú)為有處有還無(wú)。
在雅思閱讀TFNG題中，F(xiàn)ALSE(or NO)它的模樣又是什么?怎樣迅速有效的識(shí)別他?又怎樣一眼看穿它的“虛偽”(falsehood)呢? 那么讓我們由此開始三講關(guān)于FALSE的判斷依據(jù)的學(xué)習(xí)。
FALSE的第一種情況：題目與原文直接相反。(通常使用反義詞、not加同義詞及反義結(jié)構(gòu)。)
原文：Biologically, a species becomes extinct when its last
individual dies.
題目：In biological terms, a species is said to be extinct when
only one individual exists.
解答：FALSE可以看出題目與原文是反義結(jié)構(gòu)。原文說(shuō)一個(gè)物種死光光(連最后一個(gè)活口也不留)，才叫滅絕，而題目說(shuō)還有一個(gè)個(gè)體存活，就叫滅絕，題目與原文直接相反，所以答案應(yīng)為FALSE。
FALSE的第二種情況：原文是多個(gè)條件并列，題目只是其中一個(gè)條件(出現(xiàn)must或only)�；蛘�，原文是兩個(gè)或多個(gè)情形都可以，常有both…and, and, or及also等詞，題目只是“必須”或“只有”其中一個(gè)情況，也出現(xiàn)了must或only或only one。
原文：Since the start of Winter Games, 45 out of 46 gold
medals in men's Nordic skiing event have been won by competitors from Scandinavia or the former Soviet Union.
題目：Only Russians have won gold medals in the men's
winter Olympics.
解答：FALSE 原文是北歐人和前蘇聯(lián)的選手獲得了金牌，而且是獲得了46中的45塊，還有1塊不知道被誰(shuí)獲得。題目是只有(only)蘇聯(lián)人獲得了所有金牌。所以答案應(yīng)為FALSE。
原文：Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all our
agencies are subject to demand. In special circumstances, long-distance bus tickets can also be purchased from the driver.
題目：Tickets must be bought in advance from any one of our
authorized agents.
解答：FALSE 原文是說(shuō)提前預(yù)定、直接向司機(jī)購(gòu)買都可以，是多個(gè)條件的并列。題目說(shuō)是必須提前預(yù)定(must)，只是其中一個(gè)情況。所以答案應(yīng)為FALSE。
大家不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)ALSE的第二種情況常常出現(xiàn)諸如must, only, merely, only one這類“把話說(shuō)死了的”的表示程度的副詞。我們不妨稱之為“絕對(duì)考點(diǎn)詞”，出現(xiàn)這些詞的判斷題三成中有兩成是FALSE，因?yàn)槲覀冎灰页鲆粋�(gè)反例就可以充分的否定它。我們不妨先記下這個(gè)技巧，在之后的練習(xí)中檢驗(yàn)它是真是假(TRUE or FALSE)。
二、實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.
實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
1978年的這一句口號(hào)給我們帶來(lái)了改革開放和小康生活，也使出國(guó)留學(xué)和雅思考試成為可能。那么在雅思閱讀中，什么是檢驗(yàn)判斷題的TRUE(or YES)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)呢?讓我們由此開始“似是而非”的第二講，繼續(xù)我們關(guān)于雅思“真理——TRUE”的討論。
TRUE的第一種情況：題目是原文的同義表達(dá)
原文：Few rabbits in the wildness are more than five years
old.
題目：Most wild rabbits are less than five years old.
解答：TRUE few…are more than five…“幾乎沒有多于5年”即most…are less than five…”絕大多數(shù)少于5年”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同義表達(dá)。
這是我們簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)習(xí)上一講TRUE的第一種判斷依據(jù)——“同義表達(dá)”，下面我們迅速進(jìn)入TRUE的第二種判斷依據(jù)——“對(duì)原文的合理歸納”。
原文：It has been proved that a rapid response leads to a
great likelihood of arrest only if it is 1-2 minutes after a call is received by police. When the response time increases to 3-4 minutes, the likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.
題目：A delay of 1-2 minutes in response may have
substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.
解答：TRUE 從原文的兩句話可以推斷出：1-2分鐘，抓住罪犯的可能性很大，3-4分鐘，可能性就實(shí)質(zhì)性的降低。所以做一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)單的減法，1-2分鐘的反應(yīng)延遲會(huì)對(duì)嫌疑犯是否被抓住產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性的影響，答案應(yīng)為TRUE。
既然題目需要根據(jù)原文中的幾句話做出推斷或歸納，不推斷不行，但有時(shí)同學(xué)要防止走入另一個(gè)極端，即自行推理或過(guò)度推理。
讓我們來(lái)看一個(gè)反例:
原文：Counting the cost of electricity, a 25-watt E-lamp
could give out the same amount of light comparable to a 100-watt incandescent lamp.
題目：A 50-watt E-lamp can give the same amount of light
that is given by a 200-watt incandescent.
解答：NOT GIVEN 的確如原文，25瓦的新型E-lamp發(fā)光量等于100瓦的傳統(tǒng)白熾燈(incandescent)。 那是否50瓦的E-lamp發(fā)光量等于200瓦的incandescent? 姑且不論雅思中是否需要我們做乘法，退一步講，即使我們認(rèn)為公式一(25 watt E-lamp= 100 watt incandescent)成立， 兩盞25瓦的E-lamp也不一定等于一盞50瓦E-lamp的發(fā)光量，兩者之間不一定存在這樣一個(gè)正比的關(guān)系。
所以選TRUE的同學(xué)這里犯了過(guò)度推理的錯(cuò)誤。
“千里之行始于足下”(He would climb the ladder must begin at the bottom)。還是讓我們牢記TRUE的兩大判斷原則，高舉“同義表達(dá)”和“合理歸納”的兩面旗幟，勤加練習(xí)、認(rèn)真總結(jié)，向其發(fā)起新的一輪沖擊。
三、FALSE的判斷依據(jù)
有哲人說(shuō)過(guò)，成功者的必備素質(zhì)包含眼光(vision)，果敢(courage and resolution)和取舍的智慧(wisdom of making compromise)。而在雅思考試中，筆者認(rèn)為烤鴨你的“眼光”在于快速定位，“果敢”體現(xiàn)在正確做出判斷，而最后對(duì)不確定題目的大膽猜測(cè)正是“取舍之間彰顯智慧”。但猜測(cè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以本講我們繼續(xù)對(duì)FALSE的判斷依據(jù)的學(xué)習(xí)，希望籍此合理控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，取得最大收益(minimize the risk and maximize the profit)。
記得上一講我們?cè)斒隽薋ALSE的前兩種判斷依據(jù)：原文直接相反和去除并列條件，本講我們繼續(xù)。
FALSE的第三種情況：原文和題目中使用了表示不同范圍、頻率、可能性的副詞。
請(qǐng)大家先看范例：
原文：Without a qualification from a reputable school or university, it is unlikely to find a good job.
題目: It is impossible to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.
解答：FALSE原文和題目都出現(xiàn)了qualification(資質(zhì)，這里指文憑)，而a reputable school和a respected institution都指“名�！保钥键c(diǎn)必然在表示程度的副詞上。
原文中有unlikely，強(qiáng)調(diào)是“不太可能”。題目中有impossible，強(qiáng)調(diào)是“完全不可能”。所以答案應(yīng)為FALSE。
以下情況都可歸納為副詞使用的不一致：原文中使用many(很多)、sometimes(有時(shí))及unlikely(不太可能)等詞。而相應(yīng)的題目中使用all(全部)、usually(通常)及always(總是)。
FALSE的第四種情況：原文為人們對(duì)于某樣事物的理論或感覺，題目則上升為客觀事實(shí)或已被證明的理論。即由“理論(theory)”拔高到“事實(shí)(fact)”。
原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are melting polar ice caps.
題目：It is a fact that the melting of ice caps in both south and north poles are worsened by worldwide increase in temperature.
解答：FALSE對(duì)于同一件事，極地冰帽的融化(melting of polar ice caps)原文中是theory，強(qiáng)調(diào)是“理論”，而題目中為fact，強(qiáng)調(diào)是“事實(shí)”。所以答案應(yīng)為FALSE。
除了“theory”到“fact”的錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)，在該種FALSE的情況下還會(huì)出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)有：原文為“data are absent”或“evidence is missing”，題目為“it is well-documented that…”。換湯不換藥，請(qǐng)大家慧眼識(shí)別。
FALSE的第五種情況：原文中包含條件狀語(yǔ)，如if、unless或if not, 或使用介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示條件狀語(yǔ)如but for或except for。題目中斷然去掉了這些表示條件狀語(yǔ)的成份。
原文：The Internet has often been criticized by the international society as a newly-emerging dangerous tool in the hands of terrorists.
題目：The international society has often criticized the Internet because it is not safe.
解答：FALSE比較原文和題目，都提到Internet因?yàn)槲ｋU(xiǎn)被國(guó)際社會(huì)(international society)所抨擊(criticize)。但是原文中有表示條件狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)in the hands of terrorists，在題目中被去掉了。所以答案應(yīng)為 FALSE。
FALSE的所有5種情況我們就介紹到這里為止。阿甘把生活比作什錦巧克力，說(shuō)過(guò)，“l(fā)ife is like a box of chocolate, you never know what you’re going to get”。但筆者覺得烤鴨們應(yīng)理解為“If you take the sweetness first, one day you would be bitter from the sweet.”
苦口良藥(good for health, bitter for your mouth)。希望大家對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)持之以恒。
【雅思閱讀判斷題三個(gè)高分技巧】相關(guān)文章：
雅思閱讀題高分技巧05-18
雅思閱讀判斷題做題技巧08-31
2014雅思閱讀高分技巧匯集09-19
2016雅思閱讀高分備考技巧10-27
雅思閱讀高分三個(gè)備考方向10-01
雅思閱讀高分三個(gè)關(guān)鍵細(xì)節(jié)09-12
雅思閱讀：簡(jiǎn)答題高分技巧09-13
2015年雅思閱讀考試高分技巧11-01