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專業(yè)英語(yǔ)八級(jí)考試閱讀理解考試樣題解析
活著就要學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)不是為了活著。下面是小編幫大家整理的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)八級(jí)考試閱讀理解考試樣題解析，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
專業(yè)英語(yǔ)八級(jí)考試閱讀理解考試樣題解析 篇1
Importance of a Computer
As citizens of advanced but vulnerable economies, we musteither relentlessly increase the quality of our skills or see ourstandard of living erode. For the future, competition betweennations will be increasingly based on technological skill. Oil andnatural resources will still be important, but they no longer willdetermine a nation’s economic strength. This will now be amatter of the way people organize them selves and the natureand quality of their work. Japan and the “new Japans “of EastAsia are demonstrating this point in ways that are becoming painfully obvious to the older industrialcountries.
There is simply no way to rest on our past achievements. Today’s competition rendersobsolete huge chunks of what we know and what forces us to innovate. For each individual.Several careers will be customary, and continuing education and retraining will be inescapable. Toattain this extraordinary level of education, government, business, schools, and even individuals willturn to technology for the answer.
In industry, processing the information and designing the changes necessary to keep up withthe market has meant the growing use of computers. The schools are now following close behind.Already some colleges in the United States are requiting a computer for each student. It isestimated that 500,000 computers are already in use in American high schools and elementaryschools. Although there is an abysmal lack of educational software, the number of computers inschools expands rapidly.
The computer is the Proteus of machines, as it takes on a thousand forms and serves athousand functions. But its truly revolutionary character can be seen in its interactive potential.With advanced computers, learning can be individualized and self-paced. Teachers can becomemore productive and the entire learning environment enriched.
It is striking how much current teaching is a product of pencil and paper technology. With thecomputer’s capacity for simulation and diverse kinds of feedback, all sorts of new possibilities openup for the redesign of curriculums. Seymour Papert, the inventor of the computer languageLOGO, believes that concepts in physics and advanced mathematics can be taught in the earlygrades with the use of computers. On every-day level, word-processing significantly improves thecapacity for written expression. In terms of drill and practice, self-paced computer-assistedinstruction enables the student to advance rapidly—without being limited by the conflicting needsof the entire class. In short, once we learn to use this new brain outside the brain, education willnever be the same.
Industry, faced with the pressures of a rapidly shifting market, is already designing newmethods to retrain its workers, In the United States, a technological university has been set up toteach engineering courses by satellite. And the advances in telecommunications and computationalpower will dramatically expand the opportunities for national and international efforts in educationand training.
Without romanticizing the machine, it is clear that computers uniquely change the potential forequipping today’s citizens for unprecedented tasks of the future. Particularly in Europe and theUnited States, innovation will be the basis for continued prosperity.
New competitors are emerging to challenge the old economic arrangements. How successfullywe respond will depend on how much we invest in people and how wisely we employ the learningtools of the new technology.
1. What is the decisive factor in future competition between nations?
[A] Oil. [B] Technological skill.
[C] Natural resources [D] Education
2. The main idea of this passage is
[A] Knowledge of a Computer. [B] Importance of a Computer.
[C] Function of Knowledge. [C] Function of Technology.
3. Why does further study become indispensable?
[A] People want to so more jobs.
[B] People want to attain this extraordinary level of education.
[C] People would not rest on the past achievements.
[D] What we know becomes obsolete.
4. The word “Proteus” is closest in meaning to
[A] flexibility. [B] diversity. [C] variety. [D] multiplicity.
答案詳解：
1. B. 工藝技術(shù)。這在第一段就講到“在未來(lái)，國(guó)與國(guó)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)越來(lái)越以工藝技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ)。盡管石油和其他自然資源仍很重要，但它們不會(huì)再對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力起決定性的作用�！�
A. 石油。 C. 自然資源，這兩項(xiàng)不是決定性因素。 D. 教育。文內(nèi)教育作為改革的一個(gè)方面，其重點(diǎn)是在學(xué)校內(nèi)應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)，來(lái)改變教學(xué)質(zhì)量，達(dá)到革新人才的目的。并不是直接參與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)�？蓞⒖吹�2題的答案及譯注。
2. B. 計(jì)算機(jī)的重要性。整篇文章都顯示了這一點(diǎn)。第三段“工業(yè)上，信息處理和制定必要的改革計(jì)劃以適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需要意味著越來(lái)越多使用計(jì)算機(jī)。學(xué)校緊跟工業(yè)之后……”第四段“計(jì)算機(jī)是一種變化多端，神通廣大的機(jī)器，因?yàn)樗@示千種圖象，發(fā)揮千種功能。而它的真正的革命性可在其相互作用的潛能中看出。有了先進(jìn)的計(jì)算機(jī)，學(xué)習(xí)可以個(gè)別進(jìn)行，速度自行規(guī)定。教師變得更有成效……。”第五段“……由于利用計(jì)算機(jī)，在學(xué)校低年級(jí)就能教授物理學(xué)和高等數(shù)學(xué)概念……�！弊詈笠欢萎孆堻c(diǎn)睛地指出：“計(jì)算機(jī)獨(dú)一無(wú)二地改變著那種今天公民能擔(dān)當(dāng)未來(lái)空前任務(wù)的潛能……新的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手正在崛起，自由的`經(jīng)濟(jì)布局提出挑戰(zhàn)。我們?nèi)绾尾拍茼樌膽?yīng)戰(zhàn)，取決于我們對(duì)人的投資的多寡，取決于我們?cè)趺绰敾鄣貞?yīng)用新技術(shù)的學(xué)習(xí)工具。”所以
A. 計(jì)算機(jī)知識(shí)。 C. 知識(shí)的功能。 D. 技術(shù)功能，這三項(xiàng)只是計(jì)算機(jī)重要性中涉及到的一個(gè)方面，不能作為中心思想。
3. D. 因?yàn)槲覀冎赖囊磺凶兊藐惻f。第二段頭幾句話“我們決不能吃老本，當(dāng)今的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)使我們的大部分知識(shí)變得陳舊，非加以革新不可。對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們將慣常從事某幾種職業(yè)，并且非繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)修和從新接受訓(xùn)練不可……�！倍颊f(shuō)明進(jìn)修學(xué)習(xí)的原因。
A. 人們要做更多工作。文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提到。 B. 人們要到達(dá)非同一般的教育水平。這是目的，不是原因。 C. 人們不能吃老本。這話并沒(méi)有完全講清楚全部原因。
4. A. 靈活多變。 Proteus 一詞，原義是指希臘神話中變幻無(wú)常的海神，普羅狄斯，他可以隨心所欲邊成各種形狀。這里指靈活多變。
專業(yè)英語(yǔ)八級(jí)考試閱讀理解考試樣題解析 篇2
英國(guó)新奇的學(xué)業(yè)間斷年
Talk to any parent of a student who took an adventurous gap year (a year between school and university when some students earn money, travel, etc.) and a misty look will come into their eyes. There are some disasters and even the most motivated, organised gap student does require family back-up, financial, emotional and physical. The parental mistiness is not just about the brilliant experience that has matured their offspring; it is vicarious living. We all wish pre-university gap years had been the fashion in our day. We can see how much tougher our kids become; how much more prepared to benefit from university or to decide positively that they are going to do something other than a degree.
Gap years are fashionable, as is reflected in the huge growth in the number of charities and private companies offering them. Pictures of Prince William toiling in Chile have helped, but the trend has been gathering steam for a decade. The range of gap packages starts with backpacking, includes working with charities, building hospitals and schools and, very commonly, working as a language assistant, teaching English. With this trend, however, comes a danger. Once parents feel that a well-structured year is essential to their would-be undergraduate’s progress to a better university, a good degree, an impressive CV and well paid employment, as the gap companies’ blurbs suggest it might be, then parents will start organising—and paying for—the gaps.
Where there are disasters, according to Richard Oliver, director of the gap companies’ umbrella organisation, the Year Out Group, it is usually because of poor planning. That can be the fault of the company or of the student, he says, but the best insurance is thoughtful preparation. “When people get it wrong, it is usually medical or, especially among girls, it is that they have not been away from home before or because expectation does not match reality.”
The point of a gap year is that it should be the time when the school leaver gets to do the thing that he or she fancies. Kids don’t mature if mum and dad decide how they are going to mature. If the 18-year-old’s way of maturing is to slob out on Hampstead Heath soaking up sunshine or spending a year working with fishermen in Cornwall, then that’s what will be productive for that person. The consensus, however, is that some structure is an advantage and that the prime mover needs to be the student.
The 18-year-old who was dispatched by his parents at two weeks’ notice to Canada to learn to be a snowboarding instructor at a cost of ￡5,800, probably came back with little more than a hangover. The 18-year-old on the same package who worked for his fare and spent the rest of his year instructing in resorts from New Zealand to Switzerland, and came back to apply for university, is the positive counterbalance.
1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that parents of gap students may_____.
[A] help children to be prepared for disasters [B] receive all kinds of support from their children
[C] have rich experience in bringing up their offspring [D] experience watching children grow up
2. According to the text, which of the following is true?
[A] the popularity of gap years results from an increasing number of charities.
[B] Prince William was working hard during his gap year.
[C] gap years are not as fashionable as they were ten years ago.
[D] a well-structured gap year is a guarantee of university success.
3. The word “packages” (Line 3, Paragraph 2) means_____.
[A] parcels carried in travelling [B] a comprehensive set of activities
[C] something presented in a particular way [D] charity actions
4. What can cause the disasters of gap years?
[A] Intervention of parents. [B] Careful planning. [C] Good health. [D] Realistic expectation.
5. An 18-year-old is believed to take a meaningful gap year when he/she_____.
[A] lives up to his/her parents’ expectations [B] spends time being lazy and doing nothing
[C] learns skills by spending parents’ money [D] earns his or her living and gains working experience
答案：1.D 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.D
詞匯
(1)a gap year(中學(xué)和大學(xué)之間)學(xué)業(yè)間斷的一年，間斷年
(2)vicarious(a.)間接感受到的，如He got a ~ thrill out of watching his son score the winning goal(他看到兒子射入獲勝的一球，也同樣感到欣喜若狂)
(3)package(n.)包，盒，袋;(必須整體接受的)一套東西，一套建議，一攬子交易，如a benefits ~一套福利措施an aid ~綜合援助計(jì)劃
(4)backpack(v.)背包旅行 go ~ing
(5)umbrella(n.)綜合體，總體，整體，如an ~ group/fund綜合團(tuán)體/基金
(6)fork out(for sth.)(尤指不情愿地)大量花錢，大把掏錢
(7)slob(n.)懶惰而邋遢的人(v.)slob out/around游手好閑，無(wú)所事事
(8)structure(n.)結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造;精心組織，周密安排，體系
(9)dispatch(v./n.)派遣，調(diào)遣，派出;發(fā)出，發(fā)送
(10)at short notice隨時(shí)，沒(méi)有提前很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間通知，at two week’s notice提前兩周通知
(11)hangover(from sth.)(n.)遺留的感覺(jué)(或風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等)，如the insecure feeling that was a ~ from her childhood(她兒時(shí)留下的不安全感)
(12)counterbalance(v.)抗衡，抵消;對(duì)……起平衡作用;(n.)(to sth.)平衡抵消物，抗衡
全文翻譯
與度過(guò)了新奇的學(xué)業(yè)間斷年的孩子的父母交談，他們的眼神中會(huì)有一種含糊不清的東西。這一年中有一些危機(jī)，即使是目的明確、很有條理的學(xué)生，在間斷年期間也需要家庭從經(jīng)濟(jì)上、情感上和體力上給予幫助。父母眼中的含糊不僅僅是因?yàn)樽屗麄兊暮⒆映墒炱饋?lái)的美好經(jīng)歷，也是因?yàn)樗麄冏约洪g接感受到的生活方式。我們都希望在我們那個(gè)時(shí)代大學(xué)前的間斷年就已經(jīng)很時(shí)興了。我們能看著孩子們變得更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，更好地準(zhǔn)備從上大學(xué)中有所收獲或者積極地決定他們將做一些除了獲得學(xué)歷之外的事情。
學(xué)業(yè)間斷年現(xiàn)在很時(shí)興，這反映在提供它們的慈善團(tuán)體和私人公司的數(shù)目呈巨額增長(zhǎng)。威廉王子在智利吃苦的事情發(fā)揮了作用，但這種趨勢(shì)十年來(lái)一直在加強(qiáng)。學(xué)業(yè)間斷年期間的一整套活動(dòng)從背包旅行開(kāi)始，包括和慈善團(tuán)體一起工作，修建醫(yī)院和學(xué)校，以及常見(jiàn)的做語(yǔ)言助教、教英語(yǔ)。然而，隨著這種趨勢(shì)而來(lái)的也有危險(xiǎn)。一旦父母相信那些學(xué)業(yè)間斷年公司介紹的內(nèi)容，認(rèn)為精心安排的一個(gè)間斷年對(duì)于想成為本科生的孩子進(jìn)入更好的大學(xué)，獲得高學(xué)歷，得到令人印象深刻的簡(jiǎn)歷和待遇良好的工作是至關(guān)重要的，那么他們就會(huì)開(kāi)始組織并資助間斷年期間的活動(dòng)。
按照學(xué)業(yè)間斷年公司綜合機(jī)構(gòu)“走出學(xué)業(yè)間斷年團(tuán)體”的負(fù)責(zé)人理查德奧利弗埃的觀點(diǎn)，出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題往往是因?yàn)橛?jì)劃不周。他說(shuō)，“這可能是公司或?qū)W生的責(zé)任，但是最保險(xiǎn)的`方法是作好審慎的準(zhǔn)備。當(dāng)人們把它搞砸時(shí)，往往是因?yàn)榻】祮?wèn)題，尤其是女孩，因?yàn)樗齻儚奈措x開(kāi)過(guò)家，或者期望與現(xiàn)實(shí)不符”。
學(xué)業(yè)間斷年的意義在于它應(yīng)該是離校生開(kāi)始做自己喜歡做的事情的時(shí)候。如果由父母來(lái)決定孩子怎樣成熟，那么他們不會(huì)真地變成熟。如果18歲時(shí)變成熟的方式是在倫敦漢普斯泰德石南園中無(wú)所事事地曬太陽(yáng)，或者花上一年時(shí)間和康沃爾郡的漁夫一起工作，那么對(duì)于另外一個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)將是有所收獲的。然而，多數(shù)人卻認(rèn)為進(jìn)行某種安排是有利的，而且行動(dòng)的安排者應(yīng)是學(xué)生自己。
如果18歲的年輕人兩周前得到父母的通知，被派去加拿大花5,800英鎊學(xué)習(xí)成為一名滑雪教練，回來(lái)后可能只會(huì)留下很少的感覺(jué)。同樣的18歲的年輕人，先通過(guò)工作賺錢，再用一年中剩下的時(shí)間在從新西蘭到瑞士的多個(gè)避暑勝地執(zhí)教，回來(lái)后申請(qǐng)大學(xué)，這樣的經(jīng)歷則是完全不同的積極的做法。
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