萬圣節(jié)的習(xí)俗英文

　　萬圣節(jié)是諸圣節(jié)(All Saints’ Day)的俗稱，本是天主教等基督宗教的宗教節(jié)日，時間是11月1日。以下是小編跟大家分享的關(guān)于萬圣節(jié)習(xí)俗的英語介紹，一起來看看吧!

　　【萬圣節(jié)習(xí)俗介紹】

　　DRESSING IN COSTUMES

　　Dressing in masks and costumes is a popular Halloween activity.

　　Costumes can be traditional and scary, such as a witch’s pointy hat and black gown. Costumes may also have a modern flavor.

　　Many children dress up as movie characters or a favorite superhero.

　　But Halloween is not just for children. Many adults enjoy showing off their costumes at Halloween parties!

　　TRICK-OR-TREATING

　　Once in costume, children go from house to house saying “Trick or treat!” In the past, children might play a “trick” on people who did not give treats.

　　They might pelt houses with eggs or old tomatoes, or play other pranks. Today, children’s cries of “Trick or treat!” are usually rewarded with candy.

　　HOW HALLOWEEN GOT STARTED

　　One of the oldest Halloween traditions comes from the ancient Celts, who lived in western and central Europe long ago. The Celts celebrated a holiday called Samhain on October 31.

　　After sunset that day, people believed that spirits of the dead would rise and walk the earth.

　　The Celts made offerings of food and drink to keep the spirits away.

　　Beginning about 2,000 years ago, the Roman Empire conquered many Celtic peoples. But Celtic traditions, including Samhain, remained strong in areas such as Ireland and Scotland, even after the Roman conquest.

　　The Roman Catholic Church tried to replace Samhain in 835 with All Saints’ Day, a day to honor saints of the Church.

　　The eve of All Saints’ Day is October 31. It is called Allhallows or Hallowmas by the Church.

　　HOW DID HALLOWEEN COME TO AMERICA?

　　Halloween first came to America with early settlers from Celtic areas in Europe, such as Ireland and Scotland.

　　But other American settlers with strict religious beliefs, including the Puritans from England, rejected Halloween.

　　The arrival of many Irish immigrants during the 1800s helped spread Halloween’s popularity.

　　But by the late 1800s, fewer people believed in ancient superstitions of ghosts and witches.

　　Halloween became more a holiday for children to receive treats and dress in costume.

　　【萬圣節(jié)的知識】

　　1. The Halloween celebration comes from All Hallows Day or All Saints Day, the 1st of November. This was originally a pagan festival of the dead, but later became a holiday to honor Christian saints.

　　萬圣節(jié)的慶�；顒觼碓从诿磕�11月1日的All Hallows Day 或All Saints Day. 它原先是異教徒們紀(jì)念死者的節(jié)日，但是逐漸演變成一個紀(jì)念基督圣者的節(jié)日。

　　2. The name Halloween comes from a contractionof All Hallows Eve (Evening)， the day before All Hallows Day. On this night it was believed that the spirits of the dead would try to come back to life!

　　Halloween就是All Hallows Eve的縮寫。而All Hallows Eve(夜晚)是All Hallows Day 的前一天。人們認(rèn)為在當(dāng)天晚上，亡者的靈魂會重新復(fù)活!

　　3. Popular Halloween costumes include vampires (creatures that drink blood)， ghosts (spirits of the dead) and werewolves (people that turn into wolves when the moon is full).

　　流行的萬圣節(jié)服裝包括vampires(吸血鬼)， ghosts(死者的靈魂)和werewolves(每當(dāng)月圓時就變成狼形的人)。

　　4. Dressing up in costumes is one of the most popular Halloween customs, especially among children. According to tradition, people would dress up in costumes (wear special clothing, masks or disguises) to frighten the spirits away。

　　Dressing up in costumes是最受歡迎的萬圣節(jié)風(fēng)俗之一，尤其是受孩子們的歡迎。按照傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗，人們會dress up in costumes(穿戴一些特別的服裝，面具或者裝飾)來嚇跑鬼魂。

　　5. Trick or Treat is a modern Halloween custom where children go from house to house dressed in costume, asking for treats like candy or toys. If they dont get any treats, they might play a trick (mischief or prank) on the owners of the house.

　　Trick or Treat 是現(xiàn)代萬圣節(jié)的風(fēng)俗。孩子們穿著特殊的衣服走街串巷，討取糖果和玩具之類的賞賜。如果他們得不到任何的賞賜，就可能會對屋主大搞惡作劇或者胡鬧了。

　　6. There are many other superstitions associated with Halloween. A superstitionis an irrational idea, like believing that the numer 13 is unlucky!

　　和萬圣節(jié)有關(guān)的迷信還有很多。迷信是一種不合常理的想法，比如認(rèn)為13是不吉利的數(shù)字!

　　7. The tradition of the Jack o Lantern comes from a folktale about a man named Jack who tricked the devil and had to wander the Earth with a lantern. The Jack o Lantern is made by placing a candle inside a hollowed-out pumpkin, which is carved to look like a face。

　　Jack o Lantern 的傳統(tǒng)來自于一個民間傳說。一個名叫Jack的人戲弄了惡魔，之后就不得不提著一盞燈在地球上流浪。Jack o Lantern是用雕刻成臉型，中間挖空，再插上蠟燭的南瓜做成的。

　　8. Witches are popular Halloween characters that are thought to have magical powers. They usually wear pointed hats and fly around on broomsticks.

　　女巫是萬圣節(jié)很受歡迎的人物，人們認(rèn)為她們具有強(qiáng)大的魔力。他們通常戴著尖頂?shù)拿弊�，騎在掃把上飛來飛去。

　　9. Halloween is also associated with supernatural creatures like ghosts and vampires. These creatures are not part of the natural world. They dont really exist... or do they?

　　萬圣節(jié)還和一些諸如鬼魂和吸血鬼之類的超自然的生物有關(guān)。這些生物不是自然界的一部分。他們實(shí)際上是不存在的....。.或許他們其實(shí)真的存在?

　　10. Bad omens are also part of Halloween celebrations. A bad omen is something that is believed to bring bad luck, like black cats, spiders or bats。

　　惡兆也是萬圣節(jié)慶�；顒拥囊徊糠帧Ｈ藗兿嘈艕赫讜�帶給壞運(yùn)氣，黑貓、蜘蛛或者蝙蝠都算是惡兆。

　　萬圣節(jié)的由來英文簡介

　　One story about Jack，an Irishman，who was not allowed into Heaven because he was stingy with his money.

　　So he was sent to hell. But down there he played tricks on the Devil (Satan)， so he was kicked out of Hell and made to walk the earth forever carrying a lantern.

　　Well，Irish children made Jacks lanterns on October 31stfroma large potato or turnip， hollowed out with the sides having holes and lit by little candles inside.

　　And Irish children would carry them as they wentfromhouse to house begging for food for the village Halloween festival that honored the Druid god Muck Olla.

　　The Irish namefor these lanterns was "Jack with the lantern" or "Jack of the lantern，" abbreviated as " Jack-o-lantern" and now spelled "jack-o-lantern."The traditional Halloween you can read about in most books was just childrens fun night.

　　Halloween celebrations would start in October in every elementary school.

　　歷史發(fā)展

　　Ancient

　　遠(yuǎn)古時期

　　Shades: Throughout ancient history, Shades meant the spirit of a dead person, residing in the underworld.

　　幽靈：遠(yuǎn)古時期，人們認(rèn)為幽靈是生活在地下世界的死者的靈魂。

　　Carving gourds into elaborately decorated lanterns dates back thousands of years to Africa.

　　將葫蘆精雕細(xì)刻、做成燈籠的習(xí)俗可追溯到幾千年前的非洲。

　　800-450 B.C.

　　公元前800-450年

　　The ancient Celts believed that wearing masks would ward off evil spirits.

　　古凱爾特人相信戴上面具可以避開邪靈。

　　Pre-1st Century

　　1世紀(jì)前

　　Samhain: The Festival of Samhain is a celebration of theendof the Gaelic harvest season.

　　死神節(jié)：蓋爾人(蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭的凱爾特人)慶祝豐收季節(jié)結(jié)束的節(jié)日。

　　1st Century

　　1世紀(jì)

　　Gaels believed that the border between this world and the otherworld became thin on Sambain; because animals and plants were dying, it allowed the dead to reach back through the veil that separated themfromthe living.

　　蓋爾人相信，在死神節(jié)，現(xiàn)世與冥界的邊界會逐漸消失。動物和植物紛紛死去，而死者將穿過把他們同生者隔開的幕布重回世間。

　　Bonfires played a major role in the Festival of Samhain. Celebrants wore costumes, mostly skins and animal heads, and danced around bonfires.

　　篝火對于死神節(jié)來說是必不可少的。參加慶典的人們穿上動物的皮毛和頭顱做成的服裝，圍著篝火舞蹈。

　　By A.D. 43, Romans had conquered much of Celtic territory. Two Roman festivalswere combined with the Celtic celebration of Samhain: Feralia, a day in late October when Romans commemorated the passing of the dead, and a day to honor Pomona, Roman goddess of fruit and trees.

　　公元43年，羅馬人占領(lǐng)了凱爾特人的大部分領(lǐng)土，并將兩個羅馬節(jié)日與死神節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)結(jié)合起來：一個是紀(jì)念死者的Feralia節(jié)(十月末的一天)，另一個是紀(jì)念羅馬的果樹女神Pomona的節(jié)日。

　　Werewolf: The original werewolf of classical mythology, Lycaon, a king of Arcadia who, according to Ovids Metamorphoses, was turned into a ravenous wolf by Zeus. Possibly the source of the term lycanthropy.

　　狼人：古羅馬詩人奧維德在他的《變形記》中描繪了古典神話中狼人的原型——阿卡迪亞王呂卡翁，由于觸怒天神宙斯而被變成了一匹狼。也許“變狼妄想狂”一詞就是來源于這個故事。

　　3rd Century

　　3世紀(jì)

　　In the Roman Catholic church,a commemoration of "All Martyrs" was celebrated between mid April and early May.

　　在每年四月中旬到五月初這段時間，羅馬天主教會慶祝一個名為“眾殉道者節(jié)”的紀(jì)念性節(jié)日。

　　7th Century

　　7世紀(jì)

　　The festival of All Siants dates to May 13 in 609 or 610, when Pope Boniface IVconsecrated the Pantheon at Rome.

　　公元609或610年，教皇卜尼法斯四世為羅馬萬神殿祝圣，并將5月13日定為“眾圣人節(jié)”。

　　This date was an ancient pagan observation, theendof the Feast of the Lemures, in which the evil and restless spirits of all the dead were appeased.

　　這一節(jié)期原本是古老的異教節(jié)日——勒姆瑞斯(夜游魂)節(jié)的末尾，在這一節(jié)日期間人們試圖安撫那些邪惡且永不安寧的亡魂。

　　8th Century

　　8世紀(jì)

　　Pope Gregory III designated November 1st All Saints Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs.

　　教皇格列高利三世將每年11月1日定為“眾圣人節(jié)”，以此紀(jì)念圣人和殉道者。

　　Many believe the pope was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday.

　　人們相信，教皇此舉是為了用一個教會認(rèn)可的節(jié)日來替代凱爾特的亡者之節(jié)日。

　　Saint Boniface declared that belief in the existence of witches was un-Christian.

　　圣卜尼法斯(680-754，本篤會修士，美因茨大主教)宣布，相信女巫的存在是不合基督教教義的。

　　10th Century

　　10世紀(jì)

　　The Catholic church made November 2nd All Souls Day, a day to honor the dead.

　　天主教會將每年11月2日定為“萬靈節(jié)”，以紀(jì)念死者。

　　The three Catholic celebrations, the eve of All Saints, All Saints, and All Souls, were called Hallowmas.

　　至此，天主教的三大節(jié)日——眾圣人節(jié)前夜，眾圣人節(jié)，萬靈節(jié)，被統(tǒng)稱為“Hallowmas”(即“萬圣節(jié)”之意)。

　　Middle Ages

　　中世紀(jì)

　　Carved turnips in Ireland and Scotland are used as candle lanterns in windows to ward off harmful spirits.

　　在愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭，人們將蕪菁(形似蘿卜)雕刻成燈籠放在窗臺上，以此抵擋邪靈。

　　Soul cakes, often simply referred to as souls, were given out to soulers (mainly consisting of children and the poor) who would gofromdoor to door on Hallowmas singing and saying prayers for the dead. Each cake eaten would represent a soul being freedfromPurgatory.

　　另一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗涉及“靈魂餅”：在萬圣節(jié)期間，小孩和窮人會挨家挨戶地唱歌并為死者祈禱，人們則給他們一種被稱作“靈魂餅”的點(diǎn)心作為報(bào)酬。據(jù)說每吃掉一個“靈魂餅”，就會有一個靈魂被從煉獄中拯救出來。