怎樣做好英文Presentation

　　在學(xué)習(xí)與工作中，經(jīng)常需要我們用英文做一些主題展示，或表達(dá)思想，或介紹經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或推廣品牌... ... Presentation既像演講，又不同于演講，同在于都需要良好的語(yǔ)言組織能力和表達(dá)溝通技巧，異在于，相比于演講的某些渲染效果，Presentation對(duì)于信息傳達(dá)的精準(zhǔn)性和簡(jiǎn)潔性要求更高，目的性更強(qiáng)，往往還會(huì)借助PPT這一媒介。因此，不論是在課堂還是工作中，能做好一個(gè)英文Presentation的能力都極為重要。

　　Language 語(yǔ)言篇

　　先說(shuō)一點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言不太相關(guān)的，畢竟聲音對(duì)于語(yǔ)言的傳達(dá)效果也有很大的影響。在做presentation時(shí)，最基本的要求是要讓觀眾聽(tīng)清，特別是在背過(guò)身去時(shí)。除此之外，還要注意聲音的變化，以吸引觀眾的注意。聲音主要可以通過(guò)以下三個(gè)方面變化：

　　Speed語(yǔ)速

　　在講話的過(guò)程中，適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整語(yǔ)速，或者做適當(dāng)?shù)耐ｎD可以很好的吸引觀眾。

　　Intonation音調(diào)

　　高昂和低沉的音調(diào)可以產(chǎn)生不同的強(qiáng)調(diào)效果

　　Volume音量

　　回想上課時(shí)，老師突然提高的音量是不是立刻給你提神?

　　接下來(lái)，咱們進(jìn)入正題，談一談?dòng)⑽腜resentation的語(yǔ)言

　　1. Simplicity and Clarity 簡(jiǎn)潔明了

　　Use short words and short sentences.

　　雖然在寫作中老師常常鼓勵(lì)我們用長(zhǎng)難句，但是在注重效率的presentation中，應(yīng)該多用清楚明白的短句和易懂的單詞。

　　Do not use jargon, unless you are certain that your audience understands it.

　　除非你確定面向的觀眾是內(nèi)行人，否則慎用行業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

　　In general, talk about concrete facts rather than abstract ideas.

　　總體上，多用使用具體的例子，少說(shuō)抽象空洞的觀點(diǎn)。

　　Use active verbs instead of passive verbs. Active verbs are much easier to understand.

　　這一點(diǎn)大家要注意：多用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，這更有利于觀眾理解。

　　大家比較一下下面兩個(gè)句子：

　　Toyota sold nine million vehicles last year.

　　Nine million vehicles were sold by Toyota last year.

　　第一句主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)更好理解。當(dāng)然，如果上述例子里發(fā)言者想要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是數(shù)量之大，第二個(gè)句子更合適，我們這里介紹的一般情況。

　　不過(guò)英語(yǔ)君提醒一下大家，在正規(guī)語(yǔ)體的寫作中，比如邀請(qǐng)函，會(huì)議通知，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)會(huì)顯得更加正式。

　　2. Signposting 指示語(yǔ)

　　Signpost本意是路標(biāo)，這里的意思是發(fā)言者要使用特定的指示性詞語(yǔ)來(lái)提示觀眾講到了哪里，接下來(lái)講什么。這在presentation的語(yǔ)言中是非常重要的一環(huán)，可以幫助觀眾理清框架。那么，有哪些指示語(yǔ)呢?

　　首先，在開(kāi)頭，要告訴觀眾演講內(nèi)容的框架，可以使用這樣的句式：

　　I'll start by ...(A)... Then I’ll move on to ...(B)... After that I’ll consider ...(C)... Lastly I’ll quickly recap before concluding with ...(D)...

　　這樣，觀眾就會(huì)理出如下框架：

　　Beginning:

　　1.Welcome

　　2.Introduction of Structure (now)

　　Body

　　1.A

　　2.B

　　3.C

　　Conclusion

　　1.Summing up

　　2.D

　　接下來(lái)，在演講過(guò)程中，如果你想從上述的一點(diǎn)切換到另一點(diǎn)，可以用以下句式：

　　That's all I have to say about ...(A)... Let's turn now to ...(B)...

　　如果講完了全部主干內(nèi)容，準(zhǔn)備總結(jié)以上內(nèi)容，可以說(shuō)：

　　Well, we've looked at the A, B and C, I'd like to sum up now.

　　總結(jié)完后，想要給出結(jié)論，可以說(shuō)：

　　What does all this mean for us? Well, I’d like to say/recommend/suggest that...

　　接下來(lái)，英語(yǔ)君為大家貼出在各種情況下常用的signpost,學(xué)起來(lái):

　　Introducing the subject 介紹話題

　　I'd like to start by...

　　Let's begin by...

　　First of all, I'll...

　　Starting with...

　　I'll begin by...

　　Finishing one subject 結(jié)束話題

　　Well, I've told you about...

　　That's all I have to say about...

　　We've looked at...

　　So much for...

　　starting another 開(kāi)啟另一話題

　　Now we'll move on to...

　　Let me turn now to...

　　Next...

　　Turning to...

　　I'd like now to discuss...

　　Let's look now at...

　　Analyzing a point and giving recommendations 分析觀點(diǎn)，給出建議

　　Where does that lead us?

　　Let's consider this in more detail...

　　What does this mean for ABC?

　　Translated into real terms...

　　Giving an example 舉例子

　　For example,...

　　A good example of this is...

　　As an illustration,...

　　To give you an example,...

　　To illustrate this point...

　　Dealing with questions 應(yīng)對(duì)觀眾提問(wèn)

　　We'll be examining this point in more detail later on...

　　I'd like to deal with this question later, if I may...

　　I'll come back to this question later in my talk...

　　Perhaps you'd like to raise this point at the end...

　　I won't comment on this now...

　　Summarizing and concluding 概括與總結(jié)

　　In conclusion,...

　　Right, let's sum up, shall we?

　　I'd like now to recap...

　　Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at...

　　Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...

　　If I can just sum up the main points...

　　Ordering 列觀點(diǎn)

　　Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...

　　First of all...then...next...after that...finally...

　　To start with...later...to finish up...

　　拓展：格式&范例

　　Presentation格式

　　在撰寫內(nèi)容的時(shí)候盡量遵循一定的格式, 以層層遞進(jìn)的表達(dá)形式去做Presentation, 這樣可以避免在講述的時(shí)候語(yǔ)言邏輯混亂. 下面EssayMin為大家介紹常用的演講格式: 總分總結(jié)構(gòu).

　　● Introduction

　　展示演講目的: 在引入的過(guò)程中告訴聽(tīng)眾他們將會(huì)聽(tīng)到哪些重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容, 有利于引起聽(tīng)眾的興趣并建立融洽的交互關(guān)系.

　　確定演講主題: 確保之后的所有要點(diǎn)都是圍繞這個(gè)話題中心展開(kāi)的.

　　● Body

　　確定這部分邏輯順序, 例如時(shí)間順序或者重要性漸次遞進(jìn)的順序. 一般主體的內(nèi)容為:

　　1）介紹主題的背景信息.

　　2）展示核心要點(diǎn), 在介紹要點(diǎn)時(shí)配備相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)和說(shuō)明資料.

　　3）舉例一些眾所周知的具體事例以引起聽(tīng)眾的共鳴, 達(dá)到情感渲染高潮.

　　● Conclusion

　　重申演講的主題, 加深聽(tīng)眾的印象. 給出一些具體啟示或建議, 這一部分根據(jù)主題來(lái)制定內(nèi)容.

　　英文Presentation范例

　　Good morning, everyone! I am very pleased to be here today to give you a presentation. The duration of the presentation is roughly 10 minutes. My topic this time is to explore the impact of the rapid development of the Internet on the learning model. My presentation is divided into three main sections. Firstly, the development of the Internet has brought about a new model of online learning; Secondly, learning resources are booming; Thirdly, it affects the concentration of learning.

　　First of all, regarding the first point, as we all know, more and more professors will choose online teaching, which is not affected by time and place. At the same time, the function of course review can strengthen learning and memory. Especially during the epidemic period, the Internet made our learning progress uninterrupted.

　　Similarly, the rapid development of the Internet has brought us more and more learning channels, which is the second point we will talk about soon. At present, more and more online book resources can make it unnecessary for us to borrow books from the library. If we encounter problems that are difficult to solve, we don't have to run to the teacher and ask him to give us answers carefully. On the contrary, we can post for help or go to the learning software for answers.

　　So, are the influences of the Internet on learning patterns all beneficial? As you can see that more and more students are distracted by entertainment news and games on the Internet. Sometimes, when studying online, it is difficult for teachers to notice that they are not focused enough. The lack of online learning reduces the interaction between teachers and students, which is not conducive to in-depth communication.

　　To sum up, we found that the development of the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages for the learning mode. If students have higher self-discipline and make good use of online learning resources, it will be very beneficial to learning progress.

　　Thank you for your listening. This is the end of my presentation.

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