雅思大作文論證方法

　　在平平淡淡的學(xué)習(xí)、工作、生活中，大家都接觸過作文吧，作文是通過文字來表達(dá)一個(gè)主題意義的記敘方法。你寫作文時(shí)總是無從下筆？以下是小編精心整理的雅思大作文論證方法，歡迎大家分享。

　　Argumentative devices

　　——Ways to develop a paragraph :

　　- exemplification

　　- cause and effect

　　- comparison and contrast

　　- explanation

　　展開觀點(diǎn)的方法叫做論證方法，常見的有四種：舉例，因果，對比和解釋。

　　舉例論證:

　　給大作文觀點(diǎn)舉例，既可以使抽象的概念具體化，又會(huì)給讀者留下深刻的印象。如果例子是由幾個(gè)完整的句子構(gòu)成，可以用For example來引出,若是幾個(gè)詞或詞組的羅列，常用such as。

　　例一:

　　Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problem.(C8T3)

　　To what extent do you agree or disagree?

　　What other measures do you think might be effective?

　　However ,traffic congestion will not be solved by changing the type of private vehicle people can use.To do this ， weneed to improve the choice of public transport services available to travellers. For example , if sufficient sky trains and un-derground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities， then traffic on the roads would be dra-

　　matically reduced. Long-distance train and coach services should be made attractive and affordable alternatives to drivingyour own car for long journeys.

　　因果論證:

　　常用因果連接詞

　　Cause:

　　because of/ due to/ as a result of/ owing to/ on account of +短語

　　because/ as/since/ for +句子

　　Result :

　　As aresult/ as a consequence/ consequently/therefore/thus/ hence

　　例如，在 women should join in the army VS women should not be a member of the army一題中，如果我們表示不支持：Women should not take up a military career，因?yàn)樗麄兊捏w力不如男子。

　　- because they are not as strong as men

　　- because they are inferior to men in physical strength

　　- because of their physical inadequacies

　　對比論證:

　　大作文的題目中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)事情的兩面性或者兩個(gè)事情之間對比，對比論證法是很好用的展開觀點(diǎn)的方式。

　　例:

　　In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing highschool and startinguniversity studies. ( C5T2)

　　對比論證:

　　A young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and ex-perience of the world. By contrast，others who have spent some time earning a living or travelling to other places have abroader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.

　　解釋論證:

　　解釋一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)有三個(gè)方法:

　　- if will/ would

　　- without will/ would

　　- in other words

　　1 )正面論證 if will/ would

　　Advocates of this believe that today's sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity isno longer part of either our work or our leisure time. If there were easy-to-reach local sportscentres, we would be more like-ly to make exereise a regular part of our lives，rather than just collapsing in front of a screen every evening.(C9T3)

　　給出的觀點(diǎn)是：如今終日伏案的生活方式和緊張的工作環(huán)境使體育活動(dòng)從我們的工作和休閑生活中消失。由于本段是寫Advocates的觀點(diǎn)，即增加體育設(shè)施對提高公眾健康有好處，所以觀點(diǎn)之后緊跟著有進(jìn)一步的解釋：如果當(dāng)?shù)赜斜憷�的體育活動(dòng)中心，那么我們就很有可能將體育運(yùn)動(dòng)作為生活的一部分，而不是每晚都癱坐在屏幕前。

　　2)反面論證 without will/would

　　Good musicians or artists and exeeptional sports stars have probably suceeded because of both good training and nat-ural talent. Without the natural talent，continuous training would be neither attractive nor productive, and without thetraining,the child would not learm how to exploit and develop their talent.(C7T1)

　　觀點(diǎn)是：杰出的音樂家，藝術(shù)家和體育名星的成功是訓(xùn)練和天賦的結(jié)合。作者用了兩個(gè)without 從反面進(jìn)行解釋論證；沒有天賦，連續(xù)訓(xùn)練可能既乏味又沒有效果；沒有訓(xùn)練，孩子們就不知道如何開發(fā)利用他們的才能。反面論證是從“如果沒有……”這個(gè)角度去擴(kuò)充思路。比如說到政府與環(huán)境的話題：政府應(yīng)該加大對污染企業(yè)的監(jiān)管，如果沒有政府的監(jiān)督和管理，那些污染企業(yè)就可以在排放污染的同時(shí)獲利，并且逃脫懲罰，這樣對社會(huì)和環(huán)境治理都是極其不利的。

　　3)解釋in other words

　　解釋并不是把一句話換幾個(gè)同義詞再寫一遍,這個(gè)看似簡單的短語前后有著很大的奧妙,看看考官是如何利用這個(gè)方法的。

　　Overall I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness.By that Imean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives( the welfare of our families , the quality of our rela-tionships，making other people happy , ete.) and what is not ( a problem at work , getting annoyed about trivial things,etc.) .(C4T2)

　　作者認(rèn)為要獲得幸福的一個(gè)更重要的因素是: to keep clear perspectives in life。這是一個(gè)很抽象的概念，如何做到這一點(diǎn)呢？用了by that I mean 來做進(jìn)一步解釋：也就是要知道生命中什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。這是一個(gè)從抽象到具體的解釋。

　　總之，議論文的本意是說服讀者，我們可以通過以上一種或幾種方式的疊加來充分地闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，有理有據(jù)，有抽象有具體，這樣才是一篇可讀性高，讀者愿意接受的好文章。

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