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英語(yǔ)閱讀難句省略句分析

時(shí)間:2021-07-02 17:42:15 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

英語(yǔ)閱讀難句省略句分析

  英國(guó)大文豪莎士比亞在他的名著《哈姆雷特》里寫(xiě)過(guò)這么一句名言:Brevity is the soul of wit.(言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。)寫(xiě)文章也好,說(shuō)話也好,都要求生動(dòng)活潑,簡(jiǎn)單明了,因此,“簡(jiǎn)潔”乃是一篇好文章的基本要求之一。

英語(yǔ)閱讀難句省略句分析

  文章要做到簡(jiǎn)潔,省略法(Ellipsis)是必用的。

  英語(yǔ)句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確的信息而不必出現(xiàn),或前面已出現(xiàn)的某些成分,為了避免不必要的重復(fù),可以不再出現(xiàn)而不致引起誤解或歧義,這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象就叫作省略。例如:Glad to see you. 這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,主語(yǔ)I和謂語(yǔ)am可以省略。再如:London is on the Themes,and Paris on the Seine. 這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句,后半句省略了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is,因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò),后面不必重復(fù)。英譯漢時(shí),為了使譯文明確達(dá)意,符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,要在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)原文中省略的部分或保留或補(bǔ)全,或?qū)ζ溥M(jìn)行靈活處理。

  有人將英語(yǔ)句子中的省略現(xiàn)象歸納為21種,本章只涉及在英語(yǔ)閱讀中常遇到的比較復(fù)雜的省略現(xiàn)象。

  1. The transcription needs a certain amount of editing,as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.

  第一層:The transcription 主 needs 謂 a certain amount of 定 editing,賓 as even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar 狀語(yǔ)從句sounds such as write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligent secretary.

  第二層:(狀語(yǔ)從句)as 引 even if the computer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as write and right,狀語(yǔ)從句1 it 主 is 系 still not yet 狀 able 表 to do the work 賓 as well as an inte- lligent secretary . 狀語(yǔ)從句2

  第三層:(狀語(yǔ)從句1)even if 引 the computer 主 can tell 謂 the difference 賓 between words of similar sounds 定 such as write and right 同位語(yǔ)(狀語(yǔ)從句2)as well as 引 an intelligent secretary 主

  要點(diǎn) 本句中as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,其中該句還帶有一個(gè)由even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;介詞短語(yǔ)between words of similar sounds修飾difference,such as write and right修飾words,as well as……為同等比較狀語(yǔ)從句,其中省略了與主句相同的部分。intelligent:有才智的;理解力強(qiáng)的。

  譯文 譯稿需要一定量的編輯工作,因?yàn),即使?jì)算機(jī)能夠區(qū)別同音異義詞,如 write和right,它仍不可能把這項(xiàng)工作做得像有思維能力的秘書(shū)那樣好。

  2. If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle,how often can it be expected to fall on a line and how often into a blank space?

  第一層:If a needle is thrown at random on a sheet of paper ruled with lines whose distance apart is exactly equal to the len- 狀語(yǔ)從句 gth of the needle,how often 狀 can 謂 it 主 be expected 謂 to fall on a line 賓 and 連 how often 狀 into a blank space?狀

  第二層:(狀語(yǔ)從句)If 引 a needle 主 is 系 thrown 表 at random 狀 on a sheet of paper 狀 ruled with lines 定 whose distance apart is exactly equal to the length of the needle 定語(yǔ)從句

  第三層:(定語(yǔ)從句)whose 引 distance apart 主 is 系 exactly 狀 equal 表 to the length of the needle 賓

  要點(diǎn) 這是復(fù)合句。在if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,ruled with lines 是過(guò)去分詞,作paper 的定語(yǔ),whose……needle 是 lines 的定語(yǔ)從句,whose distance apart 的意思是“它們之間的間隔”。主句中and 后面是個(gè)省略句,省去了 can it be expected to fall.翻譯時(shí)可將英文的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)譯成漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。length:長(zhǎng)度。rule paper with lines:在紙上劃平行線。

  譯文 如果把一根針隨機(jī)地投到一張紙上,紙上畫(huà)了許多平行線,它們之間的間隔等于針的長(zhǎng)度,那么針落在線上的幾率是多少?落在空白處的幾率又是多少?

  3. All that a man has to say or do that can possibly concern mankind,is in some shape or other to tell the story of his love - to sing,and if he is fortunate and keeps alive,he will be forever in love.

  要點(diǎn) 本句是由and連接在一起的并列句。前一個(gè)分句的主干是All……is……to tell the story…… - to sing. all后面有兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)that從句修飾all,第二個(gè)that指代其前的`that從句,翻譯時(shí)可表?xiàng)l件。to sing放在破折號(hào)之后,用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,其后可視為省略了賓語(yǔ)the story of his love,to tell和to sin

  譯文 一個(gè)人應(yīng)該說(shuō)的或做的,只要關(guān)系到人類(lèi),那么都是以這樣或那樣的形式來(lái)講述乃至謳歌自己的愛(ài)的故事;而且,如果他是幸運(yùn)的、有活力的,他將永遠(yuǎn)是充滿(mǎn)愛(ài)的。

  4. As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

  要點(diǎn) 本句位并列句,前一個(gè)分句帶一個(gè)As引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句中 move away from 后為并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)their ……,their……,their…… 在and后的分句中, the confidence 省略了is cut off,it指的是信息被切斷的情況。

  譯文 隨著家庭成員與他們穩(wěn)定的社區(qū)、多年的老友和大家庭的親屬關(guān)系相分離,非正式的信息渠道被切斷了,而那種在需要時(shí)就能得到真實(shí)可靠信息的信心也丟失了。

  5. And by the help of further reasoning,which if drawn out would have been exhibited in two or three other syllogism,you arrive at your final determination,I will not have that apple.

  要點(diǎn) 這是復(fù)合句。主句是you arrive at your final determination.by the help of …… 是介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ),which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾reasoning.if drawn out 是省略句,用作表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句,完整的句子是if the reasoning can be drawn out.翻譯時(shí)采用順序法,定語(yǔ)從句采用分句法。syllogism:三段論;演繹推理。

  譯文 借助于進(jìn)一步的推理,這種推理如果加以引申,還可表現(xiàn)為其他兩三種演繹推理,你便會(huì)做出最終決定:“我不吃那個(gè)蘋(píng)果了。”

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