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定語從句的特殊用法

時間:2021-07-05 13:37:54 英語 我要投稿

定語從句的特殊用法

  定語從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語從句句首。

  定語從句的特殊用法

  定語從句由關(guān)系代詞who、whom、whose、which、what、as和關(guān)系副詞where、when、why等引導(dǎo),但須記住:

  1.what不能引導(dǎo)定語從句.

  2.關(guān)系詞的分析須考慮它在定語從句中的成分。

  一.指人的關(guān)系代詞有who、whose、whom、that.試分析:

  Theoldmanwho/whom/thatwevisitedyesterdayisafamousartist.

  MissWangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.

  Themanwithwhommyfathershookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.(=Themanwho/whomthatmyfathershookhandswithjustnowisourheadmaster.)注:

  A.指人時有時只用who不宜用that。

  1.先行詞為one、ones或anyone

 。1)ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.

  (2)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.

  2.先行詞為these時

  ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.

  3.在therebe開頭的句子中

  Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.

  4.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句,其中一個定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個宜用who,以免重復(fù)。

  Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.

  5.在非限制性定語從句中

  A。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan.

  B.主句以who開頭的句子中,只用that,不用who。

  二.指物的關(guān)系代詞有which、whose(=ofwhich)、that.試分析:

  1.Ilikethebookswhich/thatwerewrittenbyLuXun.

  2.Thedesks(which/that)wemadelastyearwereverygood.

  3.Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.(=Thisisthehousewhich/thatwelivedinlastyear.)

  4.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(=Iliveintheroom,thewindowsofwhichfacesouth.)

  注:

  A.介詞如果位于作為其賓語的關(guān)系代詞之前時,只能用whom、which不能用who或that.

  (1).Thegirlaboutwhomtheyweretalkingisourmonitor.

  (2).ThebookinwhichtherearemanyinterestingthingswaswrittenbyLiMing.

  B.部分短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞拆開,在定語從句中其介詞不可前置,只能放在其動詞之后。

  Isthisthebookwhichsheislookingfor?

  Theoldmanwho/whomtheyarewaitingforisProfessorLi.

  Thechildwho/whomsheislookingafterisWangPing’sson.

  C.指物時,下列情況下只能用that,不宜用which。

  (1)先行詞為不定代詞,如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、theone等。

  Wearewillingtodoanythingthatisgoodtothepeople.

  Ihavetoldthemall(that)Iknow.

  Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

 。2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、修飾時。

  ThefirstbookthatIreadlastnightwasanEnglishnovel.

  (3)先行詞是形容詞最高級或被最高級修飾時。

  ThisisoneofthemostinterestingfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.

  Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

 。4)如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的.先行詞時(先行詞既有人又有物),定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用which和who都不合適,只能用that。

  Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout.

  Therearesheepandmenthatcanbeseenonthehill.

 。5)如果先行詞被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame、any、few、little、no、all、oneof、just修飾時。

  Thisistheonlybookthatcanbelenttoyou.

  (6)當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時,關(guān)系代詞只用that。

  Whichisthedictionarythatheusedyesterday?

  D.只物時,下列情況下只能用which,不宜用that。

 。1)關(guān)系代詞放在介詞之后

  Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.

 。2)非限制性定語從句中

  Thisisthebook,whichiswrittenbyLuXun.

  (3)that,Those作主語時

  ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.

  E.先行詞前有such、thesame、as時,關(guān)系代詞用as,不用that,但thesame…as…表示同樣的,thesame…that…表示同一的

  Heknowsasmanypeopleasarepresentatthemeeting.

  Suchpeopleasyourefertoarerarenowadays.

  三.比較When/which、where/which、why.

  whichIstillneverforget.

  ThisisthedaywhenIjoinedtheparty.

  whichhespentreadingthebooks.

  whereIfoundthebook.

  whichmakesmachines.

  Thisistheplacewhichweoncevisited.

  whichIwillneverforget.

  whichIamlookingfor.

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