定語(yǔ)從句的十大考點(diǎn)

　　關(guān)于限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。下面小編為大家分享定語(yǔ)從句的十大考點(diǎn)，歡迎大家參考借鑒。

　　一、省去作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞致錯(cuò)

　　誤：The changes have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.

　　正：The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.

　　誤：Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.

　　正：Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names，please.

　　分析：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省，但作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省。

　　二、從句中使用多余的代詞或副詞致錯(cuò)

　　誤：The compositions we handed them in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.

　　正：The compositions we handed in two weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.

　　分析：從句中省去了作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞that或which，應(yīng)去掉them。

　　誤：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child there.

　　正：After living in Paris for 60 years，he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.

　　分析：關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，使用there屬語(yǔ)義重復(fù)，應(yīng)去掉。

　　三、as / it / which混用致錯(cuò)

　　誤：As is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.

　　正：It is known to all that smoking does great harm to health.或As is known to all，smoking does great harm to health.

　　分析：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，置于句首時(shí)，要用逗號(hào)與主句隔開;it放在句首，作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，將從句后置，中間不用逗號(hào)。

　　誤：Tom drinks a lot every day，as his wife doesn’t like at all.

　　正：Tom drinks a lot every day，which his wife doesn’t like at all.

　　分析：as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句后，也可放在主句前和主句中，而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句后。當(dāng)主句與從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí)，通常用as，反之則用which。

　　四、從句中誤用人稱代詞或物主代詞致錯(cuò)

　　誤：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of them is Taiwan.

　　正：China has hundreds of islands，the largest of which is Taiwan.或China has hundreds of islands，and the largest of them is Taiwan.

　　分析：人稱代詞只能用在獨(dú)立的單句或分句中，不能用在定語(yǔ)從句中。

　　誤：The boss in her department Ms King worked looked down upon women.

　　正：The boss in whose department Ms King worked looked down upon women.

　　分析：物主代詞不能在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)從句中用whose作定語(yǔ)，修飾department。

　　五、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞混用致錯(cuò)

　　誤：I live in Hong Kong，where is the Special Administrative Zone.

　　正：I live in Hong Kong，which is the Special Administrative Zone.

　　誤：Is this museum the one when some German friends visited the other day?

　　正：Is this museum the one that some German friends visited the other day?

　　分析：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。

　　六、用 ing結(jié)構(gòu)替換定語(yǔ)從句致錯(cuò)

　　誤：The girl bringing milk here every morning is from a mountain village.

　　正：The girl who brings milk here every morning is from a mountain village.

　　誤：The scholars returning from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.

　　正：The scholars who had returned from abroad recently were awarded by the local government.

　　分析：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作先于主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作時(shí)，不宜用v.?鄄ing替換定語(yǔ)從句。

　　七、that與which混用致錯(cuò)

　　誤：The weather turned out to be very good，that was more than we expected.

　　正：The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we expected.

　　誤：The stories about the Second World War were written，of that this is one example.

　　正：The stories about the Second World War were written，of which this is one example.

　　分析：that和which使用情況有別，不可混淆。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中及介詞后要使用which。下列情況須用that：1.先行詞為something/anything/everything/nothing/all/much/little等;2.先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾;3.先行詞被all/the/very/the only等修飾;4.先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。

　　八、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與先行詞不一致致錯(cuò)

　　誤：I，who is your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.

　　正：I，who am your close friend，will certainly help you when in trouble.

　　分析：定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

　　誤：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that don’t need repairing.

　　正：This is the only one of the tape?鄄recorders in the sound lab that doesn’t need repairing.

　　分析：one前有the only修飾，因此one為先行詞，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)does’t need。

　　九、限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分不清致錯(cuò)

　　誤：Abraham Lincoln who led the American people through these years was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.

　　正：Abraham Lincoln，who led the American people through these years，was shot at a theatre in Washington，D. C.

　　分析：限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾、限定的作用，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或表示“唯一”事物時(shí)，要用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。

　　十、固定搭配不當(dāng)致錯(cuò)

　　誤：The house was sold at such a low price that people hadn’t expected.

　　正：The house was sold at such a low price as people hadn’t expected.

　　分析：先行詞前若有such/the same/as/so等詞修飾時(shí)，從句須用as引導(dǎo)。先行詞前若有形容詞比較級(jí)修飾時(shí)，從句一般用that引導(dǎo)。

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