- 相關(guān)推薦
定語從句的用法歸納
你知道在英語中的定語從句是什么嗎，那它的用法又是什么呢？以下是小編為大家整理的定語從句的用法歸納，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助大家。
一. 定義：定語由一個句子來充當(dāng)，那么這個句子就叫做定語從句。
eg: 其中劃線部分為定語從句。
二. 分類：分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句，還有間隔性定語從句。 (限制性定語從句)
(非限制性定語從句)
( 間隔性定語從句)
注：定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別
限制性定語從句無逗號隔開、不可缺少、起修飾限制作用;而非限制性定語從句有逗號隔開、可有可無、起補充說明作用。
三. 構(gòu)成：定語從句有先行詞、引導(dǎo)詞和從句構(gòu)成。
先行詞是定語從句所修飾限制的名詞或代詞。
引導(dǎo)詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。
eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行詞為：narrow streets and small houses, 引導(dǎo)詞為：that， 定語從句為：that are built close to each other
四.基本原則
定語從句中不能出現(xiàn)與先行詞在意義上相一致的詞 與book指同一物，所以要去掉。)
五.定語從句中常見考點：
考點一.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的辨別
1. 關(guān)系代詞that(人、物)，which(物)、who(m)(人)、whose(某人的，某物的)、as
2. 關(guān)系副詞when(表時間)、where(表地點)、why(表原因)
注：關(guān)系副詞可變?yōu)椤敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)(即：關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞)。
eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.
3. 怎樣選擇正確的關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 方法一：找出先行詞和定語從句中動詞，看定從中動詞與先行詞能否構(gòu)成習(xí)慣搭配。能，用關(guān)系代詞;不能，用關(guān)系副詞.
Eg.I will never forget the day定從中動詞spent 與先行詞
the day 構(gòu)成spent the day ,所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which或省略)
系代詞。如不缺少，定語從句所表達(dá)意思相對完整，用關(guān)系副詞。
eg:①.This is the factory ____ made cars . (缺少主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that 或which，作主語不能省略)
�、�.This is the reason _______ he was late for school.(定語從句he was late for school 表
達(dá)意思相對完整，所以用關(guān)系副詞why 或介詞+關(guān)系代詞for which) 注意：當(dāng)先行詞為case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象意義的名詞時，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句.
eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .
考點二. 定從中that 與which的區(qū)別
1. 關(guān)系代詞只用that的情況。
(1)當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞(all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等)或先行詞被不定形容詞(all、many、some、few、little等)修飾時。 that you want to say for yourself?
(2)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。 that you are talking about.
(3)當(dāng)先行詞含有序數(shù)詞或最高級時。
eg: ① will go to Beijing.
�、�(4)當(dāng)先行詞被only、very、next、last等修飾時。
that I’m looking for.
(5)在who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句中。 that you lost?
(6)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。 that it used to be.
2.關(guān)系代詞只用which的情況。
(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。
eg:He turned to be a very successful man,(2)在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞只用which。
eg:This is the question they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.
(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入成分時。
eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.
3.指人時，關(guān)系代詞只用who(m)的情況。
(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。 (2)當(dāng)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(賓格形式)”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語從句時。 (3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后有插入成分時。
eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class. .
(4)在There be句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時。
eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.
考點三：as的用法及as與which的區(qū)別
1. as引導(dǎo)的定語從句
(1)as常用于固定搭配中：the same. . . as，such…as，as/so…as
eg:①比較：Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.
注意：第一句是定語從句，所以定從中沒有出現(xiàn)與先行詞city 意義上一致的詞，第二句是狀語從句，that 后應(yīng)為完整句子，所以it 不能省略。
②同樣的但不是同一輛)
比較：Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday .(同一件衣服)
(2)as常用于固定句型中：as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。
eg:As we all know,Zhengzhou is an attractive city.
2.在非限制性定語從句中，as與which的區(qū)別
⑴指代整句話內(nèi)容時，as可位于主句前面、中間或后面;而which一般位于主句后。另外，which還可指代一個名詞或一個短語。
eg①: As we all know,Tom is a good boy.
②：China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.
�、郏篠he doesn't think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.(which指代上文整個句子)
⑵.aswhich沒有，
eg: ①He succeeded this time,as had been expected.
②She has made great progress,which makes her parents very happy.
�、跘s we all know,knowledge changes life.
考點四. 定從中所屬關(guān)系的表達(dá)
whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時必須和名詞放在一起。whose+n(s)
=the+n(s)+of which/whom
=of +which/whom+the+n(s)
考點五.定從中動詞形式與先行詞的一致
eg: ① ②
�、�
考點六. the way作先行詞引導(dǎo)定從時，關(guān)系詞可用in which/that/省略。
eg:I don’t like the way that/in which/省略he spoke to me.
考點七. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞
在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞表示人,只能用whom ;關(guān)系代詞表示物,只能用which 。
*怎樣選擇正確的介詞
1.根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。如：
�、� This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan. (spend money on sth.為固定搭配)
�、� This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan. (pay money for sth.為固定搭配)
2.根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來決定。如：
① I remember the day on which I graduated from high school.
(強調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞on)
�、� I remember the days during which I lived in Russia.
(強調(diào)在某幾天時間內(nèi)要用介詞during)
③ I remember the month in which I got along with Tom(在month前介詞要用in)
3. 根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
(write ...for the article)
4. 根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。
�、賂he secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her carelessness .
( be happy with "對表示滿意") 老板對其不滿意的那個秘書將由于她粗心而被解雇。
�、贖e is a learned man with whom we are familiar .
( be familiar with 對...熟悉)他是一位我們熟悉的有學(xué)識的人。
5. 有些“動詞+介詞”的固定詞組不可拆開用
常見的動詞詞組有：look for,look after, care for,send for,hear of，hear from, deal with,
get through,pay attention to等。 Eg .This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.這是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.(錯誤)
6. “不定代詞both,some,any,many,(a)few,none，neither等 +of whom 或of which，表示整體與部分的關(guān)系或所屬關(guān)系
eg: ①(很多蘋果中有一些是紅色)
比較：I have many apples and some of them are bad .
�、诒容^：He has three children but none of them is kind to him .
7.“介詞+which+to do”作定語的情況
介詞+which+to do作定語相當(dāng)于介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語從句。其中定語從句主語與主句主語一致，且從句含有情態(tài)動詞。
eg:①Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which to produce the workings of his own hands.
(=Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which he could produce the workings of his own
hands.)
�、贖e has no house in which to live.(=He has no house in which he can live.)
8.“介詞+where”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的情況
有時候，我們可以見到“介詞+where”引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況。此時，where代替的是表示地點的介詞短語。
eg:You can look out of the window,from where you get a good view.(其中where=out of the
window)
考點八：定從句與短語的轉(zhuǎn)化
1. The girl (who is )dancing now just returned from Beijing.正在跳舞的女孩剛從北京回來
2. I love the stories (which were) written by Mary .我喜歡瑪麗寫的故事。
【定語從句的用法歸納】相關(guān)文章：
定語從句as的用法04-07
定語從句的考點歸納02-10
定語從句用法解析11-19
定語從句用法詳解08-06
定語從句中的that用法07-06
why的定語從句用法03-19
定語從句whose用法06-06
定語從句中as的用法08-16
定語從句的基本用法10-28