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定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法
語(yǔ)法，在五世紀(jì)時(shí)被鳩摩羅什作為梵文 vyākaraa（離析，轉(zhuǎn)指語(yǔ)言分析）的譯名，而唐代經(jīng)學(xué)家孔穎達(dá)所用「語(yǔ)法」為語(yǔ)助用法之意。下面是小編為大家收集的定語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法，僅供參考，希望能夠幫助到大家。
定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，修飾名詞。(以分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)為例)
例： The girl behind the tree is Kate.
The man driving too fast was a drunk.
定語(yǔ)從句
在英語(yǔ)中，修飾名詞或代詞的句子叫定語(yǔ)從句。
例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was a drunk.
關(guān)系詞判 斷 步 驟 :
首先，要辨別出先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系詞可能就用
who, that, whom ,whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系詞可能用which或that
1.which指物，做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省 略, 2.who指人,做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略)
3.whom指人,作賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略,
4.關(guān)系代詞that 指人/物，做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) (作賓語(yǔ)可省略)
有些情況下只用關(guān)系詞that,而不宜用which
1.,只能用that引導(dǎo)從句.
This is the most interesting story ( that )I have ever heard.
The first meeting ( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.
2.先行詞是all, something, nothing, anything不定代詞時(shí),只能用that.
Here is something ( that) I will tell you.
Not all that glitters is gold.
3.先行詞既有人也有物時(shí),只能用that引出從句
I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.
4.先行詞是one of, the one, 或用little ,few, no, all ,any 作修飾，用that
Is it the one that you want ?
We haven’t got much that we can offer you.
5.當(dāng)主句已有疑問(wèn)詞 who或which時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that
Which is the bike that you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
從例句中看出，who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時(shí)宜用用who,而不用that
1.先行詞是one(s) ,anyone, someone, those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用who
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.
2.在there be 句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用who
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.
關(guān)系副詞是用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣，具有3種作用。
在從句中代替先行詞。在句中作狀語(yǔ) 連接作用，把兩個(gè)句子連接成為一個(gè)帶有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句 關(guān)系副詞有三種：
where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),指代地點(diǎn). ( on in/at…which)=that when: 在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),指代時(shí)間。(on / in…which)=that why: 在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),指代原因 =that
關(guān)系副詞的用法：
1.where 的用法：(先行詞應(yīng)是地點(diǎn)名詞)
The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel
=The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean
=The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
=The hotel which we stayed at wasn’t clean
=The hotel 關(guān)系詞略we stayed at wasn’t clean
2.when的用法： (先行詞應(yīng)是表示時(shí)間的名詞)
I’ll never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. I’ll never forget the day that I joined the League.(口語(yǔ)) I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the League . I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
3.why的用法： ( 表示原因的名詞) s to invite you to a party
定語(yǔ)從句
定語(yǔ)從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語(yǔ)，修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。
關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why等。
一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）
2）Whose
用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換），例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車(chē)壞了，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書(shū)。
3）which, that
它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）
二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
1）when, where, why
關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？
2）that代替關(guān)系副詞
that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和"介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略，例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過(guò)的地方。
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