英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法順口溜
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是針對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行的研究,指英語(yǔ)中語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律。為了幫助各位同學(xué)更準(zhǔn)確的記憶英語(yǔ)入門語(yǔ)法,小編特別為大家整理了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法順口溜系列,在此與大家分享!
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法順口溜:定語(yǔ)從句7---As/which/So /such …that
As/which在句末,若有否定as錯(cuò);
as和 which都可指代前面一句話,請(qǐng)看例句:
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.
愛(ài)麗絲受到了她老板的邀請(qǐng),這使她感到吃驚。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.
天氣結(jié)果變好了,這是我們沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。
若有否定as錯(cuò);
3)The result of the experiment was very good, _______ we hadn't expected.
A. when B. that C. which D. what
【簡(jiǎn)析】答案是C。由于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是否定結(jié)構(gòu),只能用which引導(dǎo),不能用as來(lái)替代which。
句首只能用as,還有認(rèn)知猜想詞;
置于句首時(shí),非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只能用as引導(dǎo)。
例如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
眾所周知,月亮每月繞地球一周。
與表示認(rèn)知猜想的詞,如know, expect, see, report, 連用時(shí),要用as。
1)As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
我們知道,吸煙對(duì)健康有害。
2)As is expected, his daughter entered a key university.
正如人們所期望的那樣,他的女兒考入了一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。
固定結(jié)構(gòu)用as, the same /such/so/as;
1) 在the same …as….結(jié)構(gòu)中。意思是 “像……一樣的`”。 例如:
Chongqing is not the same city as we have seen in other places.
重慶和我們?cè)谄渌胤娇催^(guò)的城市不一樣。
注意區(qū)分: the same ….that….,請(qǐng)看例句:
This is the same pen that I lost. 這正是我所丟的鋼筆。(同一)
This is the same pen as I lost. 這支鋼筆和我丟的那支一樣。(相似,不是一個(gè))
2)在as...as結(jié)構(gòu)中,意思是“像……那樣的”。例如:
No period in history has had as many important changes _______ have taken place in the past century. 沒(méi)有哪個(gè)歷史階段像過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)這樣有如此多的重大變化。
3)在such…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中, 意思是“像……那樣的”。例如:
Mathilde had to work hard day and night and bought such a diamond necklace as she had lost to pay back to Jeanne.
馬帝爾德不得不日日夜夜地干活,來(lái)買一個(gè)像被她丟掉的那樣的鉆石項(xiàng)鏈還給讓。
So /such …that賓不離,so/such…as賓要棄;
在so/such…that結(jié)構(gòu)中,that后引導(dǎo)的不是定語(yǔ)從句,而是狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中必須有賓語(yǔ);在so/such…as結(jié)構(gòu)中, as后引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句,從句中不帶賓語(yǔ)。
例如:
1)He studies in such a good school that all other students in his village admire him.
他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí),以至于村子里其他的學(xué)生都很羨慕他。
解析:that后是狀語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句中有賓語(yǔ)him。
2)He studies in such a good school as all other students in his village admire.
他在那樣好的一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí),村里的其它學(xué)生都很羨慕那所學(xué)校。
解析:as后是定語(yǔ)從句,as代替先行詞school,在定語(yǔ)從句中做admire的賓語(yǔ)。
初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn):關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1.who指人,在從句中做主語(yǔ)
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),?墒÷浴
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意:關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)和非正式語(yǔ)體中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
4. that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或者whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。
在賓語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ),做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主語(yǔ))
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning (在句子中做賓語(yǔ))
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時(shí),常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow
返回:初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解——定語(yǔ)從句篇
初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn):關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。
2. that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因
That有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞 when, where 或者why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間.地點(diǎn)或原因,在 that引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句中,that也可以省去。
1.二者差異比較
限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,同先行詞這間一般不加逗號(hào),僅修飾先行詞,可以由關(guān)系代詞.關(guān)系副詞或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明,用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi),既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個(gè)主句,不可用that引導(dǎo)。
2.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)
弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分,作狀語(yǔ)的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞,作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的可選用關(guān)系代詞。
3. 先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句隔離
定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后,但定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分,構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離。例如:
1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.
2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.
As
1.
(1)assuch the same
(2)as which
The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
(3)the same… that the same …as
2.As
as.which
(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.
(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
——
初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn):that在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法
(1)不用that的情況
(a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。
(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介詞后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
(a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
(b) 在不定代詞,如:anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which。
(c) 先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí),只用that。
(d) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只用that,不能用which。.
(e) 先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)。
(f) 先行詞指物,在主句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí).
(g) 為了避免重復(fù).
(h)先行詞是the way或the reason時(shí),that可作關(guān)系副詞,也可省略
(i) 主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who /which時(shí)
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