復(fù)合句含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子，主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)名詞數(shù)詞形容詞副詞介詞，不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞形容詞短語(yǔ)懸垂，狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞介詞短語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)從句非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任，句子不簡(jiǎn)潔應(yīng)將劃線部分刪去變換句式。
語(yǔ)法——基本句型和句子成分
語(yǔ)法：句子成分和基本句型：
句子分三種：簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句、并列句。
1.簡(jiǎn)單句：主謂賓定狀：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)是基本成分，定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是修飾成分。主語(yǔ)就是你要描述的對(duì)象Iloveyou.中"I"就是主語(yǔ)。也可以是物Thebirdsings.
謂語(yǔ)就是由主語(yǔ)所發(fā)出的行為、動(dòng)作等。一般都用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，Iloveyou.中"love"
賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。一般由名詞或代詞、不定式、名詞性的短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。e.g.Ilovethegirl."you"就是賓語(yǔ)，是接受動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。Ieatanapple.接受動(dòng)作的是anapple。
定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明被修飾成分的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，修飾名詞或代詞；一般由形容詞充當(dāng)e.g.Ilovethecutegirl.
狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或整個(gè)句子的成分。主要由副詞擔(dān)任。狀語(yǔ)有分時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、目的狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)
e.g.Ilovethecutegirl.
狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞Ilovethecutegirlverymuch.
狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞Ilovetheverycutegirl.
狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子Iloveyouinallmylife.
e.g.Theflyingbirdsings.
狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞Theflyingbirdsingshappily.
狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞Therapidlyflyingbirdsings.
狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子Theflyingbirdsingsinthemorning（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）/outside（地點(diǎn)）/togetmyattention（目的）.
2.復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。從句包括名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。記住一句話：其實(shí)復(fù)合句的成分和簡(jiǎn)單句一樣，只不過(guò)是把簡(jiǎn)單句中的主賓定狀語(yǔ)不再由詞來(lái)充當(dāng)，而是由句子（從句）來(lái)充當(dāng)。主語(yǔ)換主語(yǔ)從句：Iloveyou.Whoevermeetsyouloveyou.Whateveryoudoisright.賓語(yǔ)換賓語(yǔ)從句：Iloveyou.Ilovewhoeverlovesme.Ithinkthat…
定語(yǔ)換定語(yǔ)從句：Iloveyou.I,whoisyourbestchoice,loveyou.
狀語(yǔ)換狀語(yǔ)從句：Iloveyou.Iloveyouwhenyousmile.Iloveyoubecauseyousmile.Iloveyousothatyousmile.Iloveyouifyousmile.
3.并列句：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句
并列連詞：and，or，but，both…and，notonly…butalso，neither…nor（既不…也不），either…or（不是…就是）
Iloveyouandyouloveme.Iloveyoubutyoudon’tloveme.NotonlydoIlove,butalsoIwanttomarryyou.
1
英語(yǔ)基本句子的寫法
第一步：如何寫好基本句子
1.六種基本句型
1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(+狀語(yǔ))（主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞（+副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等））
Iamspeaking.
Hewalksveryfast.
(Hewalkshisdoginthe
parkeveryevening.)
Thesunrisesintheeast.
Herecomesthebus.(此句主謂倒裝了)Hereitcomes.
Hereisyourchange.
Hereweare.
Theregoesthebugle.(此句主謂倒裝了)
2）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞
等））
IstudyEnglish.
Sheloveshim.
Wegetthree.
3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)Hegivesmeabook.
Shewillbuymeabike.
Hewillgiveabooktome.
Shewillbuyabikeforme.
Abookisgiventome.
Iamgivenabook.
4)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)
足語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞)
WecallhimJohn.
Theyfindthetaskdifficult.
Sheregardsmeasherbrother.Shesawhimout.
WhathasmadeChina
whatsheistoday?
Wefoundhimmurderedin
thehouse.
Shesawherbrotherlying
ontheground.
Wenoticedthedrivergetonthebusanddriveitaway.
5)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)（名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞
短語(yǔ)等）
Sheisastudent.
Heistwenty.
Wearestrong.
Shelooksveryyoung.
Hearinghisjoke,herface
turnedred.
Hereisyourchange.(此句主表倒裝了)Thebookisonthetable.
Withyouincharge,Iamatease.
6）Therebe+主語(yǔ)（+狀語(yǔ)）
Thereisadeskintheclassroom.Therearemanystudentsontheplayground.
2.句子的四種類型
1）簡(jiǎn)單句
JohnlovesMary.
JohnlovesMaryandgiveshermoney.
JohnandCliffloveMary.
JohnandCliffloveMaryand
hersisterandgivethemmoney.一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句可表示：
A．a(chǎn)statement(陳述)
Mr.Brownteachesthisclass.
B.aquestion(問(wèn)題)
Doyouunderstandme?
C.acommandorarequest(命令)Openthedoor.
Pleasehelpmewithmywork.
Letusgorightaway.
D.anexclamation(感嘆)
Howcolditis!
Howfastheruns!
Whatanicedayitis!
2)并列復(fù)合句
JohnlovesMary,butshedoesn’tlovehim.
FinallyJohnpersuadedMarytomarryhimforheisacharmingpersistentyoungman.
Thewindisblowing;thelightflashing;thethunderroaring;
therainpouringdown;theearthrocking.
并列復(fù)合句常用連詞有：
A．表示并列關(guān)系的連、副詞有：and;notonly…..butalso;furthermore;besides;likewise;moreover;again;IlikeEnglishandhelikesFrench.Notonlythefurcoatissoft,butitisalsowarm.
Thecarwasalmostnew;
furthermoreitwasinexcellentcondition.
B．表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連\副、介
詞：
but;yet;still;however;
nevertheless;in
spiteof;despite;
notwithstanding;
despitethat
Thecoatwasthinbutitwaswarm.
Thecarwasquiteold;yetitwas
inexcellentcondition.
Inspiteofitsage,thecarwasin
excellentcondition.
Thecarwasquiteold;despitethat
itwasinexcellentcondition.
C.表示選擇關(guān)系的連詞：or;
neither;neither….nor
Youmustworkharder,oryou
willlosetheexam.
Eitheryouranswerormineis
wrong.
Youranswerisnotright,
neitherismine.
NeitheryounorIamtoblame.
D.表示因果關(guān)系的連\副詞:so;
then;therefore;consequently;
accordingly;
Therainbegantofall,sowe
wenthome.
Weworkeduntilsix;thenwe
wenthome.
Hebroketherulesofthe
school;thereforehehadtoleave.
3）主從復(fù)合句
賓語(yǔ)從句)主語(yǔ)從句)表語(yǔ)從句)
主語(yǔ)從句)賓語(yǔ)從句)
doesnotlovehim.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
定語(yǔ)從句)Nomatterwhathappens\
goon.(狀語(yǔ)從句)
4）并列主從復(fù)合句
Whenheavyraincomes,the
streamsrise,andfarmersknow
thattherewillbefloods.
TheneighborhoodthatHenry
grewupinwasfairlyprosperous,
butitwasbynomeanswealthy.
3.寫句子時(shí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤
1）不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、形容詞短語(yǔ)懸垂
incorrectcorrect
TolearnEnglishwell,muchpracticeTolearn….,weneedmuchpractice.
isnecessary.
Heated,wecanmakewaterintosteam.Heated,watercanbemadeintosteam.
Afterreadingtheletter,myheartwasAfterreading...,Ifoundmyheartbeatingfast.
beatingfast.
Afraidtoeatanymoreseafood,theAfaidtoeat...,heaskedthewaitertoremoveit…
waiterremoveditfromhistable.
2)修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位
ThenewsboywalkedhisbicycletoThenewsboyburdenedwithnewspaperswalked…
Thehouseofhisfirstcostomer
Burdenedwithnewspaper.
TheU.S.onlyhasahistoryof200TheU.S.hasahistoryofonly200-oddyears.
-oddyears.
AlicecouldseealotofcarsrunningThoughherwindowAlicecouldsee…
fastoutsidethroughherwindow.
tothelovelyactress.
3)代詞指代混亂
BeforeCathygavethedogitsfood,Cathywashedthedogbeforeshegaveititsfood.
shewashedit
Jackwasbittenbyadog,butitwas…,butthebitewasnotserious.
notserious.
InMary’slettershetriedtopersuadeInherletter,Mary…
ustogiveuptheplan.
Miketoldhisfatherthathiscarwouldn’tMikesaidtohisfather,“Yourcarwon’tstart.”
start.
4).混亂轉(zhuǎn)換
EverystudentisrequiredtobringtheirbooksEverystudentsis…h(huán)isbooks…
totheclassroom.
Shelefttheclassroomwhenthetestisover.Sheleft…whenthetestwasover.
First,buildafireandthenyoushouldmakethe…,andthenmakethecoffee.
coffee.
5).不完整句
HehadaneedandaninterestinlearningaHehadaneedforandaninterestin…
secondforeignlanguage.
SuzhouinnearertoShanghaithanNanjing.SuzhouisnearertoShanghaithanNanjingis.
4.寫簡(jiǎn)潔的句子
句子不簡(jiǎn)潔，應(yīng)將劃線部分刪去5.變換句式HegavetherosetothelovelyactreHegavetherosethathehadboughtforhiswifethathehadboughtforhiswife.
Hepickeduptheballquickly.Quicklyhepickedupthe…
HewasyoungandshortandcouldnotjoinHewastooyoungandtoshorttojointhearmy.
thearmy.
Thomaswastiredofstudying,sohetookTiredofstudying,Thomas…
arest.
Tolstoy,completingAnnaKarennina,wonCompletingAnnaKarenian,Tolstoywon…
thenationalrecognitioninRussia.
6.破句
HedecidedtolearnJapanese.Hedecidedtolearn…becauseitis…
Becauseitisausefullanguage.
Thegrouptravelledforaweek.Thegrouptravelled…andfinallyarrivedon…
FinallyarrivingonSaturday.
Oneofthecentury’sgreat…penicillin,amiracle…
Medicalinventionispenicillin.Amiracle
drugthathassavedmillionsoflives.
7.溶合句
ShewrotehimaloveletterheansweredShewrote…andheansweredherinperson.
herinperson.
ThebeltwastoosmallforhimshehadThebeltwassosamllforhimthatshehad…
tochangeitforanotherone.
Whydoyouaskhowdoesitconcernyou?Whydoyouaskhowitconcernsyou?
Ididn’twanttotalktomybrotherIpretendedIdidn’twant…soIpretendedtobeasleep.
tobeasleep.
8.句子成份不平衡
Simonishealthy,weakthyandanathlete.Simonis…andathletic.
Paulworksnotonlytocompetebuthealso…competebybutalsotowinamedal.
wantstowinamedal.
Idon’tknowwhichIenjoymore,toplay…enjoymore,playingtennisorswimming.
tennisorswimming.
Mymothershowsherlovebycookingand….showherlovebycookingforand
servingthefaimilyservingthefamily.
Exercises
Exercises1
Revisethefollowingsentences.
1.Tohearhimtalk,hewasthoughttobeamillionaire.
2.Readinganovel,thedoorbellrang.
3.Shestaredatthepeoplenearbywithangryeyes.
4.Whilewalkingalongthestreet,thehighbuildingslookedshinyandmagnificent.
5.Towinbusiness,manyrisksmustbetaken.
6.Asanonlyson,hisparentsaretooindulgenttohim.
7.Hehasonlyafacethatamothercouldlove.
8.JohnSmithwhoisaneighbourofminewillgowithus.
9.Thestudentsdomorningexerciseseverydaytokeepfit.
10.Theresultbeingthathewonthegame.
11.Mynewcarisapleasuretodrivethereisn’ttheslightestsqueakorrattle.
12.ThevillagersspeaklittleEnglishthevisitorsseldomknowanytheirlanguage.
13.SelectingHydeParkCornerasastartingplace,ourroutegoesalongKnightsbridge.
14.Steppingcarelesslyoffthepavement,thebusknockedhimdown.
15.Climbingtothetopofthetower,thereisamagnificnetviewtobeseen.
16.BeingSunday,Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.
17.Ifyoulearnhowtotakenotesinclass,muchextraworkwillbeavoided.
18.Firstmixsomeflourwithalittlewaterandthenyouputinsomesugar.
19.IsawmoreofhimthanRichard.
20.Thepolicman’swarningwasacceptedbyher.
21.Iwokeupatsixa.m.thismorning.
22.Shelookedasthoughshewasangry.
23.AlthoughTomarrivedlatehoweverhewasnotcriticizedbytheteacherbecausehehadabadheadache.
24.Becauseheaskedmetogo,soIwent.
25.Alreadywornoutbyillness,thebadnewskilledhim.
26.Drivingacaronfrozenroadsthebrakesshouldbeappliedgently.
27.LearningEnglish,thepronunciationalwayscausedmemosttrouble.
28.OneofntheyoungmenshoutedsomethinginGerman.
Wavinghishandintheair.
29.Hetoldmeasecret.Thathehadboughtheraring.
30.Tomtoldhisbrotherthathewasintrouble.
Exerciese2
Fillintheblankswithappropriateconnectives.
1._____ithadstoppedraining,welefttherailwaystation.
2.Celiaarrangedthemeeting,and,_____sheconsideredthetermsunfair,shesignedthecontract.
3.Attheageofseventy,theoldmanreturnedtohisnativetown_____hewasbroughtup.
4.Idon’tagreewithyou,_____doesmypartner.
5.Iamgoingoutforashorttime,______youcangetsupperready.
6.Findout_____theyaregoingthisevening_____ask_______wemayjointhem.
7._____idonotlikehimverymuch,Icanappreciatehisqualities.
8.Hewasveryseriouslyill;______doctorshavealmostgivenuphopeofhisrecovery.
9.Those______arenotpreparedtostudyshould_____changetheirways______makeroomforthose______willwork.
10.Theygotoocncertsofpopmusic_____theyreallylikeit.
11.Shecan’thopetopatheexaminDecember,_____she’llhvetowaittillJune.
12.Hebroketherulesoftheschool;_____hehadtoleave.
13.Idon’tknowanythingagainsttheman;_____Idon’ttrusthim.
14.I’llbuyanewsuitwhenIgetthechequefortheworkIdid;_____,I’mafraidthisoldonewillhavetodoabitlonger.
15.He’llneverbeagoodviolinist;_____,theprofessortoldhimso.
16.Hedoesn’tworkhard;_____he’sincapableofhardwork.
17.You’llrecognizehim______youseehim.
18.______isyouranswerwrong______mineis______.
19.Thenearesttownis5or10milesfrom_____theylive.
20.Youmustworkharder;______youwillbeputintoanotherclass.
附注：
主語(yǔ)一般由以下詞類擔(dān)任：名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞性從句、
the+某些形容詞;
Thefarmerworkshard.
Threeofuswentthereyesterday.
SheteachesEnglish.
Toservethepeopleismypleasure.
Cryingoverthespiltmilkisnouse.
Whathesaidatthemeetingisimportant.
Thepoorarelivingabitterlife.
謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。動(dòng)詞可分為：及物動(dòng)詞（要賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)可單也可雙）、不及物動(dòng)詞（沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)）、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（由動(dòng)詞+其他詞構(gòu)成，可及物，也可不及物，視后接的詞具體情況而定）、連系動(dòng)詞；
HestudiesEnglish.
Shegavemetwobookslastweek.(此句謂語(yǔ)是雙賓語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞)
Theteacherrunsfast.
Theworkerlooksatthepicturecarefully.
Weshouldpayattentiontoourenvironmentalprotection.
Themeetingtookplaceyesterday.
Youmaylookupthenewwordsinthedictionary.
Herfaceturnedred.
Itisasmallhouse.
賓語(yǔ)的詞類與主語(yǔ)相同；
Theywilllookafterthegardenforyou.
Shegaveusthree.
Thenurseforgottogivemethemedicine.
Youshouldremembermeetingherlastweek.
Theteacherwilltelluswhathesaidatthemeetinglastweek.
Weshouldcareforthepoor.
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一般由名詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞）擔(dān)任；Thetrainingschoolmadeheragoodwifeandmother.
Doingmorningexercisemakesmestrong.
Weconsiderthereportofgreatimportance.
WhathasmadeChinawhatsheistoday?
Shewantsyoutohelpher.
Theyfoundthepersonseriouslyinjured.
Thenursefoundhimlyingontheground.
表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、形容詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)從句擔(dān)任；
Heisafarmer.
Herfaceturnedred.
Iamatease.
Mydutyistolookafterthepatient.
Herjobiscleaningtheclassroom.
Thesituationispressing.
Weareallexcited.
Thatiswhathedidyesterday.
狀語(yǔ)一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任；
Shespeaksveryfast.
Wecandotheworkwithease.
Whenhecame,Ihadfinishedmyhomework.
Toservethepeoplebetter,wemuststudyhard.
Beinganhonestperson,hetoldthetruth.
Exploitedbythelandlord,thefarmersthereallhatedhim.
定語(yǔ)一般由名詞（表用途）、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)(后置)、副詞、定語(yǔ)從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任；Hesatinthewaitingroom.
WeboughtacolorTVlastyear.
Theteacherteachestwentystudents.
Ourcountryisapowerfulone.
Thepenonthedeskismine.
Thefarmerstheresufferedalotbeforeliberation.
Mybrother,whoworksinShanghai,isaprofessor.
Theexloitedclassesandtheexloitingclassesarenaturallyhostiletoeachother.
Oneofthemeasurestakenistoorganizevisitstootherfactories.
Ihaveafewwordstosay.
Theylivedinaroomfacingthesouth.
Thisisthebookrecommendedbyourteacher.