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2016年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)完形填空試題與答案

　　Text 1

2016年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)完形填空試題與答案

　　As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.

　　If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.

　　In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.

　　[A]compare

　　[B]responsible

　　[C]useful

　　[D]added

　　[E]find

　　[F]reference

　　[G]indirect

　　[H]method

　　[I]successful

　　[J]combined

　　[K]Necessarily

　　[L]capacity

　　[M]ability

　　[N]Basically

　　[O]adopt

　　Answers:

　　1.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。原文意思為“會(huì)計(jì)部門(mén)...計(jì)算報(bào)酬”，選項(xiàng)中的形容詞responsible“負(fù)責(zé)任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“間接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect不能與for連用，排除;剩余幾項(xiàng)中只有B)responsible意義符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。

　　2.選O)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。本文主題就是采用一種新的工資和薪水制度時(shí)需要注意的問(wèn)題，選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞原形有compare“比較”，find“找到”，adopt“采納”，分別帶入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故選O).

　　3.選H)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。從原文看，and連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，所以要填的詞應(yīng)與and后面的ways意思一致，選項(xiàng)中的名詞只有mathod = ways，故選H)method。

　　4.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。上文說(shuō)新的工資制度需要一套決定工作評(píng)估和衡量雇員表現(xiàn)的方法，說(shuō)的是制度“是否有用”的問(wèn)題。這句說(shuō)的時(shí)新的工資制度執(zhí)行過(guò)程中的問(wèn)題，勞資雙方先期達(dá)成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要條件。形容詞useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。

　　5.選D)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是point“分值”，把分值...起來(lái)to give a total value"得出總分值"，選項(xiàng)中有added和combined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意為“把...結(jié)合在一起”，原文指將分值相加得出總分，故D)added最符合文意。

　　6.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。首先solve problem“解決問(wèn)題”是經(jīng)理們應(yīng)具備的能力，選項(xiàng)中的capacity與ability都可以表示“能力”;前者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)際應(yīng)用的能力，故不難判斷解決問(wèn)題的能力應(yīng)該用M)ability。

　　7.選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前半句指出“因?yàn)楣芾砉ぷ骱茈y評(píng)估，經(jīng)理的工作得分不需要參照基于分值的評(píng)估系統(tǒng)決定。”without reference to為固定搭配，意思是“與...無(wú)關(guān)”。故選F)reference。

　　8.選A)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。原句中出現(xiàn)了the value of each job“每種工作的價(jià)值”和these in the job market“工作市場(chǎng)上的(工作價(jià)值)”，說(shuō)明人事部門(mén)通過(guò)比較兩種價(jià)值來(lái)計(jì)算工資制度。選項(xiàng)中只有compare表示“比較”，所以A)正確。

　　9.選K)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，修飾整句話。“報(bào)酬要隨工作表現(xiàn)各方面的不同而有所改變”，選項(xiàng)中Necessarily“必須地”與Basically“基本地”為副詞，分別帶入原文，“報(bào)酬...的變化是必須的”更符合上cet4v.com除N),選K)。

　　10.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中提到一種情況即simple to measure the work done"易于評(píng)估的工作"，通常用現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)辦法;而...measurement is difficult“難于評(píng)估的”，說(shuō)明這些工作人員的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是間接的，故選項(xiàng)中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。

　　Text 2

　　As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is __1__ for a healthy mind and body.

　　Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to __2__ it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of __3__ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

　　The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such __4__ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of __5__ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and __6__. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more __7__ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it cet4v.com same __8__. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued __9__ to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we cannot __10__ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.

　　A)exposure B)characters C)answer D)chemically

　　E)avoid F)psychologically G)primitive H)transfer

　　I)unusual J)control K)remove L)escape

　　M)response N)backward O)essential

　　ANSWER:

　　1.選O)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。前文中說(shuō)人們正在失去放松的休閑方式，But轉(zhuǎn)折表明作者對(duì)relaxation的重視態(tài)度，只有essential“必須的，重要的”符合文意。

　　2.選E)。此處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞。前句說(shuō)Stress is a natural part of everyday life“壓力是日常生活中很自然的一部分”，說(shuō)明人們不能避免壓力。選項(xiàng)中只有avoid的意思為“避免，消除”，故E)avoid正確。

　　3.選J)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前面說(shuō)有壓力并不是壞事，適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫δ芙o人以動(dòng)力，能賦予人生活的意義。只有在什么時(shí)候，壓力才會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們表現(xiàn)不佳，身體不好。根據(jù)上下文可知get out of control“壓力失控”的時(shí)候，才會(huì)有不好的結(jié)果，故選J)control。

　　4.選B)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。前句中not afraid of stress“不怕壓力”是一些人的性格特點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中可以表示人的性格特點(diǎn)的詞只有characters，故選B)。

　　5.選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞difficulties。一些人遇到......的困難就灰心喪氣，選項(xiàng)中的形容詞中，unusual“不同尋常的”可以說(shuō)明困難的程度，故選擇I)。

　　6.選F)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，與physically相對(duì)應(yīng)，在此physically作為“身體上的”解釋。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有chemically“化學(xué)地”和psychologically“精神地”，很明顯兩個(gè)副詞中選擇F)psychologically。

　　7.選G)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞days。...days與后文中的today相對(duì)應(yīng)，形成對(duì)比。選項(xiàng)中的是primitive，即將人類(lèi)的早期和人類(lèi)的今天做比較，故選G)。而N)backward說(shuō)明的是社會(huì)發(fā)展的狀態(tài)，不符合原文意思。

　　8.選M)。此處填名詞。前句說(shuō)，在人類(lèi)的早期，選擇不同就意味著生與死的差別;而現(xiàn)在人們碰到的危機(jī)不可能那樣極端。后面but轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明了不管是壓力的大小，人們都是在“避免”和“戰(zhàn)斗”之間選擇，下句中的such a reaction也可以說(shuō)明人們對(duì)壓力的反應(yīng)是一樣的，選項(xiàng)中的名詞answer和response中，M)response=reaction符合文意。

　　9.選A)。根據(jù)上題，這種反應(yīng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間持續(xù)的原因就是長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的面對(duì)壓力，選項(xiàng)中的exposure“暴露的狀態(tài)，受影響”符合上下文意思，故選擇A)exposure。

　　10.選K)。此處要填動(dòng)詞原形，和from構(gòu)成動(dòng)介搭配。人們應(yīng)想辦法應(yīng)對(duì)壓力，而不是將它......出人們的生活。選項(xiàng)中的transfer表示“轉(zhuǎn)移”不符合原文意思;remove“移動(dòng)，移除”可以和from連用，表示“除掉，移開(kāi)”，符合原文意思，故選K)。

　　導(dǎo)讀：

　　As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is O)essential for a healthy mind and body.

　　Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to E)avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of J)control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

　　The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such B)characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of

　　(看到......時(shí)，一看到......。) I)unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and F)psychologically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight"

　　(意為“逃避”與“戰(zhàn)斗”，作者在這里用了頭韻和尾韻的修辭方法，使文章更加瑯瑯上口。)and in more G)primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it cet4v.com same M)response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued A)exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered.

　　(本句中，it is...that為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是一個(gè)是件狀語(yǔ)從句"when such a reaction lasts long";介詞短語(yǔ)，“health become endangered”中的become相當(dāng)于is。) Since we cannot K)remove stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.

　　全文翻譯：

　　隨著生活節(jié)奏持續(xù)加快，我們也正迅速地失去放松的休閑方式。但放松對(duì)于身心健康是非常必要的。

　　壓力是日常生活中很自然的一部分，而且無(wú)法避免。事實(shí)上，壓力并不像人們常常想象的那樣是件壞事。一定的壓力能給人以壓力，能賦予人生活的意義。只有壓力失控時(shí)，才會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們表現(xiàn)不佳，身體不好。

　　一個(gè)人能承受的壓力很大程度上取決于個(gè)人。有些人不害怕壓力，很明顯，那樣的性格是管理職責(zé)的重要條件。而其他人一碰到不同尋常的困難就灰心喪氣。當(dāng)面對(duì)任何形式的壓力時(shí)，我們會(huì)有身體和精cet4v.com實(shí)上，我們就是在“逃避”與“戰(zhàn)斗”之間做出選擇。而在人類(lèi)早期，這樣的選擇就是生與死的差別。我們現(xiàn)在碰到的危機(jī)不可能那樣極端。但是不管壓力多么小，它都會(huì)引起同樣的反應(yīng)。只有當(dāng)持續(xù)地面對(duì)壓力，而且這種反應(yīng)持續(xù)是件過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)，個(gè)人的健康才會(huì)受到威脅。一些嚴(yán)重的疾病，像高血壓、心臟病等就與壓力有關(guān)。既然我們無(wú)法擺脫生活中的壓力，即使能夠那樣做也是不明智的，我們就必須找到應(yīng)對(duì)壓力的方法。

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12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)完形填空試題與答案

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