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職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉級(jí)模擬題(完形填空)
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職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉級(jí)模擬題(完形填空) 1
第6部分：完形填空(第51----65題，每題l分，共15分)
下面的短文有l(wèi)5處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定l個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone (俯沖帶) earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil"liquefaction" (液化設(shè)施) that has surprised researchers with its __________ (51) severity, a new analysis shows.
"Weve seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and __________ (52) of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments (沉淀物) ," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to __________ (53). We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. Its a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their __________ (54) and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or __________ (55).
But most earthquakes are much __________ (56) than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
"With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw __________ (57) structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on __________ (58) filled ground, are much more vulnerable."
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil __________ (59) and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, __________ (60) damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
"Theres no doubt that well learn things from what happened in Japanl0 thatl 1 will help us to reduce risks in other similar __________ (61)," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction—on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those __________ (62) within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything __________ (63) a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to __________ (64) collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction __________ (65) helped prevent many buildings from collapse- even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
51. A. internal
B. different
C. difficult
D. widespread
52. A. volume
B. length
C. extent
D. width
53. A. function
B. repair
C. build
D. remove
54. A. durability
B. strength
C. ability
D. property
55. A. ascend
B. compact
C. collapse
D. recover
56. A. shorter
B. longer
C. simpler
D. stranger
57. A. when
B. what
C. how
D. which
58. A. occasionally
B. frequently
C. specially
D. recently
59. A. development
B. phenomenon
C. formation
D. composition
60. A. unless
B. until
C. after
D. before
61. A. findings
B. locations
C. events
D. sources
62. A. delivered
B. deposited
C. destroyed
D. detached
63. A. near
B. from
C. inside
D. over
64. A. prevent
B. accelerate
C. predict
D. detect
65. A. styles
B. sites
C. costs
D. standards
答案與解析：
51.D。本題考查語(yǔ)義。前文說(shuō)日本的俯沖帶地震是massive(巨大的)，而且砂土液化到達(dá)一個(gè)significant level。根據(jù)上述描述，選widespread(分布廣泛的)修飾severity是正確的。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)與severity搭配后，意思接不上。故選D。
52.C。本題考查近義詞辨析。本句由but連接的兩個(gè)分句組成：第一個(gè)分句說(shuō)以前也發(fā)生過(guò)地震引發(fā)的砂土液化現(xiàn)象，但涉及范圍較小;第二個(gè)分句通過(guò)but語(yǔ)氣一轉(zhuǎn)，說(shuō)這次地震造成的破壞是罕見(jiàn)的。很顯然，選extent(程度)與distance(距離，范圍)來(lái)說(shuō)明破壞的程度和范圍是符合上下文的意思的。故選C。
53.A。本題考查語(yǔ)義。在“The shifts in soil destroyed water,sewer and gas pipelines，crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to…”中，“these communities need to…”是定語(yǔ)從句，指代utilities和infrastructure的關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中起賓語(yǔ)作用，被省略了。need后面的動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是which，也就是utilities and infrastructure。從意思上看，這些社區(qū)需要這些公用事業(yè)設(shè)備和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施起功能作用(function)。故選A。
54.B。本題考查近義詞辨析。浸了水的砂土，特別是新近的沉積土、沙土等失去的不會(huì)是durability(耐用性)和ability(能力)，也不會(huì)是泛泛的property(性質(zhì))，而是strength(強(qiáng)度)。因此B是正確選項(xiàng)。
55.c。本題考查語(yǔ)義。浸了水的砂土強(qiáng)度降低或消失。砂土隨水流動(dòng)，就會(huì)引發(fā)建筑物移位(shift)或下沉(sink)。再發(fā)展下去，建筑物就會(huì)倒塌(collapse)。故選c。
56.A。本題考查語(yǔ)義。地震持續(xù)的時(shí)問(wèn)一般為數(shù)十秒。這次日本地震的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)5分鐘。所以本題要填入的詞應(yīng)該是shorter，說(shuō)明大多數(shù)地震的持續(xù)時(shí)間比它短。故選A。
57.C。本題考查疑問(wèn)副詞的用法。從意思上看，選how是正確的。when structures，whatstructures或which structures意思明顯不通。因此C是正確答案。
58.D。本題考查語(yǔ)義。第三段第二句出現(xiàn)“particularly recent sediment…”，recent sediment浸水后就失去了強(qiáng)度。這提示了本題要選recently，因?yàn)榻⒃谛陆罹偷耐寥郎系慕ㄖ锸亲钜妆黄茐牡�。因此D是正確選項(xiàng)。
59.B。本題考查語(yǔ)義。分析日本大地震得出的數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)令科學(xué)家獲得有關(guān)soil development(土壤發(fā)展)、soil formation(土壤形成)及soil composition(土壤構(gòu)成)這些方面的知識(shí)。若選phenomenon，意思就是科學(xué)家的研究分析有助于他們了解到土壤浸水后的這類(lèi)現(xiàn)象，以便作好防備，對(duì)付未來(lái)可能發(fā)生的同類(lèi)現(xiàn)象。上下文意思很連貫，故選B。
60.D。本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。選unless，until或after都不合邏輯。本題句子的意思是：重建工作首先要清理廢墟，這樣地震現(xiàn)場(chǎng)就被破壞了。所以科學(xué)家要趕在重建工作開(kāi)始之前收集好地震資料。故選D。
61.C。本題考查語(yǔ)義。本句的意思是：科學(xué)家無(wú)疑會(huì)從日本大地震中學(xué)到不少東西，從而有助于降低今后發(fā)生類(lèi)似的地震時(shí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有events合適，similar events指的是“類(lèi)似的地震事件”。若選findings(調(diào)查結(jié)果)、locations(地點(diǎn))或sources(來(lái)源)，句子的意思就不對(duì)。因此C是正確選項(xiàng)。
62.B。本題考查形近詞辨析。句中的those指代sediments，“young”sediments指那些年代少于或略超過(guò)一萬(wàn)年的sediments。deposit是“沉積”，與句子意思匹配，是答案。故選B。
63.A。本題考查介詞。上一段說(shuō)，younger soils是非常脆弱的。本句的anything指的是soils。哪些地方的`soils疑似高危對(duì)象呢?如果指soils from/inside/over river and old flood plains是不合常理的，正確的選擇應(yīng)該是near，靠近河流和原洪泛區(qū)的土壤才是危險(xiǎn)地區(qū)。因此A是答案。
64.A。本題考查語(yǔ)義。加固危橋的目的是為了防止坍塌。因此選項(xiàng)prevent是答案。
65.D。本題考查語(yǔ)義。在3月11日的日本大地震中，震區(qū)的建筑物傾斜、下沉，但沒(méi)有倒塌。建筑上的什么因素起到了防塌的作用呢?當(dāng)然不會(huì)是construction styles(建筑風(fēng)格)、construction sites(建筑工地)或construction facilities(建筑設(shè)備)。日本的construction standards(建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn))才是防塌的關(guān)鍵因素。故選D。
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉級(jí)模擬題(完形填空) 2
While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to “self - medicate”（自我治療） against the blues（憂(yōu)郁）, scientists at the University of Toronto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually_______depressive symptoms in some teens.
“This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived（感知到的）_______benefits of smoking among teens,” says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. “_______cigarettes may appear to have self - medicating_______or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms.”
As part of the study, some 662 high school students completed up to 20 questionnaires_______their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary analyses of the data found that students who reported emotional benefits from smoking were more likely to have an increase in depressive symptoms over time than those who did not,_______they had smoked at all.
“We found that teens who reported emotional benefits from smoking were more likely to have an increase in depressive symptoms over time than those who did not, regardless of whether they had smoked at all,” says co - author Jennifer O’Loughlin, a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. “Our study found that teen smoking may_______depressive symptoms, and that it is important to identify these emotional factors in teens who may be_______to start smoking.”
The_______reasons for a link between smoking and depression are not clear, but it may be that nicotine（尼古�。�, a substance found in cigarettes, can have a negative impact on_______, the researchers say. In addition, it is possible that teens who have a tendency to be depressed may be more likely to start smoking as a form of self - medication.
1、A. examine B. increase C. decrease D. diagnose
2、A. social B. financial C. emotional D. political
3、A. Whatever B. Although C. Whenever D. what
4、A. effects B. methods C. steps D. directions
5、A. beside B. beyond C. in D. about
6、A. no matter B. even if C. as though D. in case
7、A. predict B. delay C. relieve D. worsen
8、A. at risk B. in charge C. in need D. to blame
9、A. physical B. mental C. biological D. psychological
10、A. mood B. body C. behavior D. intelligence
二、答案與解析
答案：B
解析：根據(jù)文章的主題 “Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens”（吸煙會(huì)增加青少年的抑郁癥狀）可知，這里應(yīng)該是吸煙實(shí)際上會(huì) “增加” 一些青少年的抑郁癥狀，所以選 increase。examine（檢查）、decrease（減少）和 diagnose（診斷）都不符合文意。
答案：C
解析：從后文 “students who reported emotional benefits from smoking”（那些聲稱(chēng)從吸煙中獲得情緒益處的學(xué)生）可以推斷出，這里是研究青少年吸煙在感知到的 “情緒” 益處，所以選 emotional。social（社會(huì)的）、financial（經(jīng)濟(jì)的`）和 political（政治的）不符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：B
解析：這里需要一個(gè)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞，意思是 “雖然”，表示前后的對(duì)比關(guān)系，即 “雖然香煙可能看起來(lái)有自我治療的效果或者能改善情緒，但是從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看……”，所以選 Although。Whatever（無(wú)論什么）、Whenever（無(wú)論何時(shí)）和 what（什么）都不符合此處的語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義要求。
答案：A
解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是說(shuō)香煙似乎有自我治療的 “效果”，effects（效果、作用）符合語(yǔ)義。methods（方法）、steps（步驟）和 directions（方向、指示）不符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：D
解析：questionnaires（問(wèn)卷）是關(guān)于（about）他們使用香煙對(duì)情緒的影響，所以選 about。beside（在…… 旁邊）、beyond（超過(guò)、在…… 之外）和 in（在…… 里面）都不符合此處語(yǔ)義。
答案：A
解析：“no matter + 疑問(wèn)詞” 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示 “無(wú)論……”，這里是說(shuō) “無(wú)論他們是否吸煙”，符合語(yǔ)義。even if（即使）、as though（好像）和 in case（萬(wàn)一）不符合此處語(yǔ)境。
答案：D
解析：根據(jù)前文 “teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms”（開(kāi)始吸煙的青少年報(bào)告有更嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥狀）可知，吸煙會(huì) “惡化” 抑郁癥狀，所以選 worsen。predict（預(yù)測(cè)）、delay（推遲）和 relieve（緩解）與文意不符。
答案：A
解析：“at risk” 意思是 “處于危險(xiǎn)中”，這里是說(shuō)識(shí)別那些可能有開(kāi)始吸煙 “風(fēng)險(xiǎn)” 的青少年的情緒因素很重要，所以選 at risk。in charge（負(fù)責(zé)）、in need（需要）和 to blame（該受責(zé)備）不符合語(yǔ)境。
答案：C
解析：從后文 “but it may be that nicotine（尼古丁）, a substance found in cigarettes”（但可能是香煙中的尼古�。┛芍�，這里是在說(shuō)吸煙和抑郁之間聯(lián)系的 “生理” 原因，所以選 biological。physical（身體的、物理的）、mental（精神的）和 psychological（心理的）都不如 biological 準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)與生理物質(zhì)尼古丁相關(guān)的意思。
答案：A
解析：根據(jù)前文 “to affect mood”（影響情緒）以及尼古丁對(duì)情緒方面的影響可知，這里應(yīng)該是說(shuō)尼古丁會(huì)對(duì) “情緒” 有負(fù)面影響，所以選 mood。body（身體）、behavior（行為）和 intelligence（智力）不符合語(yǔ)境。
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