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2017職稱英語考試?yán)砉級(jí)完形填空模擬題
職稱英語考試中，完形填空是一項(xiàng)綜合性的測(cè)試，它不僅考查考生對(duì)詞匯、語法的掌握程度，更重要的是考查考生對(duì)語言的準(zhǔn)確理解程度和綜合運(yùn)用能力。下面是yjbys網(wǎng)小編提供給大家關(guān)于職稱英語考試?yán)砉級(jí)完形填空模擬題，希望對(duì)大家的備考有所幫助。
第6部分：完形填空(第51----'65題，每題l分，共15分)
下面的短文有l(wèi)5處空白，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定l個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。
"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage
The massive subduction zone (俯沖帶) earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil"liquefaction" (液化設(shè)施) that has surprised researchers with its __________ (51) severity, a new analysis shows.
"We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and __________ (52) of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments (沉淀物) ," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to __________ (53). We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."
Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their __________ (54) and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or __________ (55).
But most earthquakes are much __________ (56) than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
"With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw __________ (57) structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on __________ (58) filled ground, are much more vulnerable."
The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil __________ (59) and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, __________ (60) damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
"There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japanl0 thatl 1 will help us to reduce risks in other similar __________ (61)," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."
Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction—on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those __________ (62) within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything __________ (63) a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to __________ (64) collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction __________ (65) helped prevent many buildings from collapse- even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
51. A. internal
B. different
C. difficult
D. widespread
52. A. volume
B. length
C. extent
D. width
53. A. function
B. repair
C. build
D. remove
54. A. durability
B. strength
C. ability
D. property
55. A. ascend
B. compact
C. collapse
D. recover
56. A. shorter
B. longer
C. simpler
D. stranger
57. A. when
B. what
C. how
D. which
58. A. occasionally
B. frequently
C. specially
D. recently
59. A. development
B. phenomenon
C. formation
D. composition
60. A. unless
B. until
C. after
D. before
61. A. findings
B. locations
C. events
D. sources
62. A. delivered
B. deposited
C. destroyed
D. detached
63. A. near
B. from
C. inside
D. over
64. A. prevent
B. accelerate
C. predict
D. detect
65. A. styles
B. sites
C. costs
D. standards
答案與解析：
51.D。本題考查語義。前文說日本的俯沖帶地震是massive(巨大的)，而且砂土液化到達(dá)一個(gè)significant level。根據(jù)上述描述，選widespread(分布廣泛的)修飾severity是正確的。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)與severity搭配后，意思接不上。故選D。
52.C。本題考查近義詞辨析。本句由but連接的兩個(gè)分句組成：第一個(gè)分句說以前也發(fā)生過地震引發(fā)的砂土液化現(xiàn)象，但涉及范圍較小;第二個(gè)分句通過but語氣一轉(zhuǎn)，說這次地震造成的破壞是罕見的。很顯然，選extent(程度)與distance(距離，范圍)來說明破壞的程度和范圍是符合上下文的意思的。故選C。
53.A。本題考查語義。在“The shifts in soil destroyed water,sewer and gas pipelines，crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to…”中，“these communities need to…”是定語從句，指代utilities和infrastructure的關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中起賓語作用，被省略了。need后面的動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語是which，也就是utilities and infrastructure。從意思上看，這些社區(qū)需要這些公用事業(yè)設(shè)備和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施起功能作用(function)。故選A。
54.B。本題考查近義詞辨析。浸了水的砂土，特別是新近的沉積土、沙土等失去的不會(huì)是durability(耐用性)和ability(能力)，也不會(huì)是泛泛的property(性質(zhì))，而是strength(強(qiáng)度)。因此B是正確選項(xiàng)。
55.c。本題考查語義。浸了水的砂土強(qiáng)度降低或消失。砂土隨水流動(dòng)，就會(huì)引發(fā)建筑物移位(shift)或下沉(sink)。再發(fā)展下去，建筑物就會(huì)倒塌(collapse)。故選c。
56.A。本題考查語義。地震持續(xù)的時(shí)問一般為數(shù)十秒。這次日本地震的時(shí)間長達(dá)5分鐘。所以本題要填入的詞應(yīng)該是shorter，說明大多數(shù)地震的持續(xù)時(shí)間比它短。故選A。
57.C。本題考查疑問副詞的用法。從意思上看，選how是正確的。when structures，whatstructures或which structures意思明顯不通。因此C是正確答案。
58.D。本題考查語義。第三段第二句出現(xiàn)“particularly recent sediment…”，recent sediment浸水后就失去了強(qiáng)度。這提示了本題要選recently，因?yàn)榻⒃谛陆罹偷耐寥郎系慕ㄖ锸亲钜妆黄茐牡�。因此D是正確選項(xiàng)。
59.B。本題考查語義。分析日本大地震得出的數(shù)據(jù)不會(huì)令科學(xué)家獲得有關(guān)soil development(土壤發(fā)展)、soil formation(土壤形成)及soil composition(土壤構(gòu)成)這些方面的知識(shí)。若選phenomenon，意思就是科學(xué)家的研究分析有助于他們了解到土壤浸水后的這類現(xiàn)象，以便作好防備，對(duì)付未來可能發(fā)生的同類現(xiàn)象。上下文意思很連貫，故選B。
60.D。本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。選unless，until或after都不合邏輯。本題句子的意思是：重建工作首先要清理廢墟，這樣地震現(xiàn)場(chǎng)就被破壞了。所以科學(xué)家要趕在重建工作開始之前收集好地震資料。故選D。
61.C。本題考查語義。本句的意思是：科學(xué)家無疑會(huì)從日本大地震中學(xué)到不少東西，從而有助于降低今后發(fā)生類似的地震時(shí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有events合適，similar events指的是“類似的地震事件”。若選findings(調(diào)查結(jié)果)、locations(地點(diǎn))或sources(來源)，句子的意思就不對(duì)。因此C是正確選項(xiàng)。
62.B。本題考查形近詞辨析。句中的those指代sediments，“young”sediments指那些年代少于或略超過一萬年的sediments。deposit是“沉積”，與句子意思匹配，是答案。故選B。
63.A。本題考查介詞。上一段說，younger soils是非常脆弱的。本句的anything指的是soils。哪些地方的soils疑似高危對(duì)象呢?如果指soils from/inside/over river and old flood plains是不合常理的，正確的選擇應(yīng)該是near，靠近河流和原洪泛區(qū)的土壤才是危險(xiǎn)地區(qū)。因此A是答案。
64.A。本題考查語義。加固危橋的目的是為了防止坍塌。因此選項(xiàng)prevent是答案。
65.D。本題考查語義。在3月11日的日本大地震中，震區(qū)的建筑物傾斜、下沉，但沒有倒塌。建筑上的什么因素起到了防塌的作用呢?當(dāng)然不會(huì)是construction styles(建筑風(fēng)格)、construction sites(建筑工地)或construction facilities(建筑設(shè)備)。日本的construction standards(建筑標(biāo)準(zhǔn))才是防塌的關(guān)鍵因素。故選D。
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