職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)真題《衛(wèi)生C》閱讀理解精選
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Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores
(1) Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.
(2) The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS). The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took tight after they started serving the army.
The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.
(3) The strongest links are for logical thinking and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength. "Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen ," says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. "This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness,but not with muscular strength. We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important."
(4) By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ.
(5) "We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance," says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre. "This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects."
(6) The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to .go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.
36. The researchers in this study come from __________.
A. Aby health centre
B. the Swedish army
C. the National Academy of Sciences
D. a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital
37. Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness?
A. Brain size.
B. Good lung capacity.
C. Clear logical thinking.
D. Muscular strength.
38. By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT __________.
A. cognitive performance
B. heart capacity
C. verbal comprehension
D. emotional behavior
39. The study finding include the following EXCEPT that __________.
A. growth factors are significant for a person's IQ
B. young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests
C. youngsters who are fit will more likely get college education
D. young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ
40. The word "secured" in the last paragraph is closes in meaning to __________.
A. insured B. assured C. obtainedD. studied
答案與解析
36.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：這項(xiàng)研究的研究者來(lái)自__________。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞researcher和study可以定位到第一段和第二段的第二句，可知該研究是在Sahlgrenska Academy和Sahlgrenska University Hospital開(kāi)展的，研究對(duì)象為120萬(wàn)正在服役的瑞典士兵，所以選項(xiàng)D(一所瑞典大學(xué)及其附屬醫(yī)院)為正確答案。
37.B。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干：下列哪些是身體健康的表現(xiàn)?利用題干無(wú)法定位相關(guān)信息，可以改為利用選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行相關(guān)信息的定位。利用選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty ofoxygen”，即“健康意味著你有好的心臟功能和好的肺功能，同時(shí)也意味著你的大腦可以吸收很多的氧氣”，由此可知健康與大腦的大小無(wú)關(guān)，同時(shí)也可以得出B(良好的肺功能。)是正確答案。
38.D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干：通過(guò)改進(jìn)身體健康狀況，可以改善下列情況，除了__________。該題是典型的細(xì)節(jié)判斷題，所以可以利用選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位和解答。利用選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第五段的第一句，可知那些在15——18之間改善身體健康的年輕人可以提升他們的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)，題干中的enhance(題高，增進(jìn)，增加)與原句improve為同義詞替換。定位選項(xiàng)B的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段“Being fit means that you also have good heart”，可知健康意味著你有好的心臟功能;定位選項(xiàng)C的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段的前兩句，可知身體健康與邏輯思維和言語(yǔ)理解存在著較大的關(guān)聯(lián)性;利用選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位，無(wú)法定位到相關(guān)信息，由此可知該題答案為D(情感行為)。
39.D。細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)包括下列情況，除了。該題是典型的細(xì)節(jié)判斷題，所以可以利用選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行定位和解答。定位選項(xiàng)A的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段的結(jié)尾“We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”，即“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)成長(zhǎng)因素也很重要”;定位選項(xiàng)8的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第一段，可知一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)健康的年輕人智商更高且上大學(xué)的可能性更大;定位選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到第三段的最后一句，可知“這就是我們發(fā)現(xiàn)智商與健康的清楚的相關(guān)性，而不是與肌肉力量有相關(guān)性”，由此可知研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)A、B和C的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)否定了選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容，所以該題答案為D(肌肉型的和強(qiáng)壯的年輕人其智商更高)。
40.C。猜詞題。題干：最后一段中“secured”的意思是__________。secure意為“保護(hù)，擔(dān)保，使獲得”，分別將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)帶入語(yǔ)境，發(fā)現(xiàn)obtain(取得，獲得)比較符合語(yǔ)境，因此該題答案為C(取得)。
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