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考研英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作（帶翻譯）
1.建議報(bào)考的專(zhuān)業(yè)及理由; 2.報(bào)考該專(zhuān)業(yè)的基本條件; 3.應(yīng)當(dāng)如何備考。
A Letter of Reply to a Friend
December 27, 2010
Dear
When it comes to which major you should choose, I propose that you apply for the major of English. To begin with, English is the most popular language in the world, which is widely used in all fields such as teaching, translation, foreign trade and so on. What’s more, it goes without saying that English majors are more likely to find a good job in the tighter and tighter job market.
In order to study at English Department, you have to meet the following requirements. In the first place, you have to spend a lot of time on it, just as the old saying goes, “Practice makes perfect”. In the second place, the basic skills of reading, writing, listening and speaking are necessary, because they are the foundations for your future study. Last but not the least important, you need an intense interest in learning English since “interest is the best teacher.”
As far as the preparation work is concerned, you should first of all review all the required vocabulary. In addition, you’d better spend some time on reading and writing. Only through these measures can you hope to enroll in our university.
Yours
1.Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied in think tanks, mulled over by policymakers. In the US, the term, when it’s used at all, is said with the sort of sneer reserved for those who eat quiche. But it might still catch on. When Bill Keller was named executive editor of the New York Times last week, he encouraged the staff to do “a little more savoring” of life, spending time with their families or viewing art.
不管如何解釋?zhuān)ぷ髋c生活的平衡總是歐洲人的主要談資，同時(shí)也是智囊團(tuán)和政策制定者研究和考慮的主題。在美國(guó)，人們使用這個(gè)說(shuō)法時(shí)總是帶著幾分針對(duì)那些吃蛋奶火腿餡餅的悠閑人士才會(huì)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的冷嘲熱諷的態(tài)度。但是，它可能還是會(huì)流行起來(lái)的。時(shí)任《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》執(zhí)行主編的比爾・凱勒曾鼓勵(lì)員工們要給生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣賞藝術(shù)。
2. P. L. Travers, the author of the Mary Poppins books, put it best when she wrote, “You do not chop off a section of your imaginative substance and make a book specifically for children, for— if you are honest—you have, in fact, no idea where childhood ends and maturity begins. It is all endless and all one.” There is plenty for children and adults to enjoy in Rowling’s books, starting with their language. Her prose may be unadorned, but her way with naming people and things reveals a quirky and original talent.
《歡樂(lè)滿人間》的作者帕梅拉·林登·特拉弗斯概括得精辟之極。她寫(xiě)到，“你不能把你想象的東西砍掉一部分然后寫(xiě)成一本專(zhuān)給孩子看的書(shū)，坦白地說(shuō)，因?yàn)槭聦?shí)上你根本無(wú)從知道童年究竟是什么時(shí)候結(jié)束的而成人期又是什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的。它們互相連接、渾然一體。”在羅琳的書(shū)中，從語(yǔ)言開(kāi)始，就有足夠多的讓大人和孩子都喜歡的東西。也許她的文風(fēng)樸實(shí)，但是她給人和物命名的方式顯示了獨(dú)特的原創(chuàng)才能。
3.Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.
4.Yoga achieves its best results when it is practiced as a daily discipline, and yoga can be a life-long exercise routine, offering deeper and more challenging positions as a practitioner becomes more adept. The basic positions can increase a person’s strength, flexibility and sense of well-being almost immediately, but it can take years to perfect and deepen them, which is an appealing and stimulating aspect of yoga for many.
每天練習(xí)瑜伽會(huì)達(dá)到最好的效果，隨著動(dòng)作越來(lái)越熟練，你就可以加大強(qiáng)度和難度這樣瑜伽就能成為你相伴終生的日常鍛煉方式了。練習(xí)基礎(chǔ)的瑜伽動(dòng)作即可收到增強(qiáng)力量，改善柔韌性并使人感到舒適的效果，但要想達(dá)到完美和高深的境界還是需要日積月累的練習(xí)，這也是瑜伽吸引人的地方之一。
5.What attracts individuals to each other in the first place? Many people believe that “there’s one person out there that one is meant for” and that destiny will bring them together. Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic. Empirical studies show that cultural norms and values, not fate, bring people together. We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are “filtered out” by formal or informal rules on partner eligibility due to factors such as age, race, distance, social class, religion, sexual orientation, health, or physical appearance.
一開(kāi)始讓人相互吸引的是什么?許多人相信“世上有一個(gè)人是你為之而生的”，而且命運(yùn)會(huì)將你倆帶到一起。這樣的想法很浪漫卻不現(xiàn)實(shí)。實(shí)證研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，是文化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和價(jià)值觀而非命運(yùn)，將人們連系在一起。我們錯(cuò)過(guò)了成千上萬(wàn)的可能的愛(ài)人，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)缇捅徽降幕蚍钦降奶暨x理想愛(ài)人的準(zhǔn)則篩選出局，這些準(zhǔn)則包括年齡、種族、地域、社會(huì)階層、宗教、性?xún)A向、健康狀況或外表。
6.Much research shows that the quality of care infants receive affects how they later get along with friends, how well they do in school, how they react to new and possibly stressful situations, and how they form and maintain loving relationships as adults. It is for these reasons that people’s early intimate relationships within their family of origin are so critical. Children who are raised in impersonal environments (orphanages, some foster homes, or unloving families) show emotional and social underdevelopment, language and motor skills retardation, and mental health problems.
很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒獲得關(guān)愛(ài)的質(zhì)量會(huì)影響到他們以后的交友，在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)，如何應(yīng)對(duì)陌生的或可能充滿壓力的情況，以及他們成年后如何建立并且維系情感關(guān)系。正是因?yàn)檫@些原因，人們與家庭成員的早期親密關(guān)系才如此至關(guān)重要。在人情冷漠的環(huán)境中(如孤兒院，某些寄養(yǎng)家庭，缺乏關(guān)愛(ài)的家庭)長(zhǎng)大的孩子會(huì)出現(xiàn)情感和社會(huì)性發(fā)育不良，語(yǔ)言和運(yùn)動(dòng)技能遲緩，以及精神健康問(wèn)題。
Unit1 The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directly communicate with others are its greatest benefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information can travel at tremendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet uses hundreds of thousands of computers all connected to each other to store vast amounts of information. And finally, because the Internet allows individuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people can easily communicate with one another.
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的速度、巨大的資源和與他人直接交流的能力是其最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)利用計(jì)算機(jī)的快速性傳遞數(shù)據(jù)，所以信息能夠以巨大的速度傳播。但速度并不是其唯一的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)運(yùn)用數(shù)百萬(wàn)相互連接的計(jì)算機(jī)儲(chǔ)存數(shù)量巨大信息。最后，由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)容許每個(gè)人擁有特定的郵件地址，所以人們能夠便利地交流。
Unit2 With the 21st century coming, people have increasingly realized file importance of acquiring round easy information. If a nation can make effective use of all the information it will benefit in the fields of scientific research, education, economic development, etc. What the nation needs to do is to establish a nation-wide "information network", so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network is set up, it will promote the second information revolution in the country.
隨著21世紀(jì)的到來(lái)，人們更加注意到快速便捷地獲取信息的重要性。如果一個(gè)國(guó)家能夠有效地利用所有的信息，那么將會(huì)在科研、教育、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等領(lǐng)域受益。該國(guó)所需要的是建立一個(gè)全國(guó)性的“信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)”，從而把科學(xué)家、商人、教育家等聯(lián)系起來(lái)。如果能建立這樣一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，就將促進(jìn)該國(guó)的第二次信息革命。
Unit3 With the development of a market economy in China, techniques of sales promotion have been more and more widely employed. The popularity of varied and numerous promotional activities such as discounts, bonuses, and promotional parties has grown steadily. The reason is that they not only help manufacturers and businesses earn higher and quicker profits, but also help consumers become acquainted with the products involved and get some practical benefits. However, if these techniques are used to promote products of inferior quality, both the manufacturers and the businessmen will be made to pay for that.
隨著我國(guó)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，商品促銷(xiāo)手段的使用越來(lái)越普及。越來(lái)越受到人們青睞的打折、饋贈(zèng)、促銷(xiāo)晚會(huì)等內(nèi)容豐富、形式多樣的促銷(xiāo)活動(dòng)日益增加。這些活動(dòng)不僅能夠使廠家和商家更多更快地賺取利潤(rùn)，而且有助于消費(fèi)者更好地了解產(chǎn)品并獲得實(shí)惠。但如果用這些促銷(xiāo)手段銷(xiāo)售劣質(zhì)商品，則無(wú)論是廠家還是商家，都將自食其果。
Unit4 Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which people display their talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If you understand this intrinsic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it becomes bearable if it helps build up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the most essential elements of self-fulfillment in the long run, and for most people this comes chiefly through their work. In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life -in individuals and in civilizations.
勞動(dòng)不僅僅是謀生的手段，更重要的是，它是人們施展才華、實(shí)現(xiàn)抱負(fù)、建立社會(huì)關(guān)系、獲得社會(huì)地位的途徑。理解了勞動(dòng)的這種內(nèi)在本質(zhì)，那么無(wú)論所作的事情那么乏味，那么勞累，只要它能有助于自己在社會(huì)上或個(gè)人的小圈子里樹(shù)立名譽(yù)，那也足以讓人忍受。從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，不斷地樹(shù)立新的目標(biāo)，是個(gè)人自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)基本要素。對(duì)于多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這主要依靠勞動(dòng)。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，無(wú)論對(duì)個(gè)人還是整個(gè)文明社會(huì)，勞動(dòng)都是生活最有力、最生動(dòng)的體現(xiàn)。
Unit5 America was once troubled by employment crisis. Now in this land, there are employees, those who have lost their jobs and those who will never find a job. For decades, the government took no notice of the changes in its economic base and their effect on employment and lifestyle. As a result, many people lost job opportunities. Many experts came up with various ideas to address unemployment. However, what is most important now is to stimulate consumption.
美國(guó)曾因就業(yè)危機(jī)而受到困擾。如今在這片土地上既有就業(yè)者也有失業(yè)者，還有永遠(yuǎn)找不到工作的人。數(shù)十年來(lái)，政府忽視了經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的變革，以及讓它對(duì)就業(yè)和生活方式的影響，結(jié)果，許多人失去了工作的機(jī)會(huì)。關(guān)于如何解決失業(yè)問(wèn)題，有很多專(zhuān)家提出了不同的看法，而目前的首要工作是刺激消費(fèi)。
Unit6 The crime of identity theft is on the rise. Recent surveys show there are currently 10 million victims each year, greatly exceeding our earlier estimates. Using a variety of methods, criminals steal Social Security numbers, driver's license numbers, credit card numbers, and other pieces of an individual's information such as date of birth. They use this information to buy as many things as they can in their victim's name in as short a time as possible. Identity theft is a serious crime. People whose identities have been stolen can spend months or even years cleaning up the mess the thieves have made of their credit record.
盜用他人身份的犯罪正在日益上升。最近的調(diào)查顯示，現(xiàn)在每年大約1000萬(wàn)人成為其受害者，大大超出了早先的預(yù)計(jì)。罪犯?jìng)兝酶鞣N手段竊取社會(huì)安全號(hào)、駕照號(hào)、信用卡號(hào)以及諸如生日之類(lèi)的其他個(gè)人信息。他們利用這些信息以受害人的名義在盡可能短的時(shí)間里購(gòu)買(mǎi)盡可能多的東西。盜用他人身份是一種嚴(yán)重的罪行。身份被盜的人可能要花幾個(gè)月甚至幾年的時(shí)間為被竊賊們損壞的信用記錄正名。
Unit7 Let's assume you are a sports fan. What is your first reaction when you find in your e-mail an attachment called "Anna Kournikova. jpg. vbs'? Curiosity tempts you to open the document to have a look at the Russian tennis star. But if you open it, the virus will be activated and will copy the attachment to every e-mail address in your "Outlook Express", spreading the virus even farther. E-viruses, which flood the Intenet through dubious e-mails with fancy bait, make production of anti-virus programs a profitable business.
假設(shè)你是個(gè)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)迷，那你在看到郵件中有名為“安娜·庫(kù)爾尼克娃·jpg. vbs”的圖片文件時(shí)，你的第一反應(yīng)會(huì)是什么呢?好奇心引誘你打開(kāi)文件一睹這位俄羅斯網(wǎng)球明星的芳容。但是如果你打開(kāi)附件，病毒就被激活，會(huì)在你的“Outlook Express”上把該附件復(fù)制給電子郵件通訊錄上的每一個(gè)地址，從而更廣泛地傳播病毒。電腦病毒通過(guò)帶有花哨誘餌的可疑電子郵件在網(wǎng)泛濫成災(zāi)，因此，防毒程序的開(kāi)發(fā)也成為一項(xiàng)有利可圖的生意。
Unit8 Changes in the American family structure are evidenced by increased rates of separation and divorce. In certain areas of the country these trends have resulted in a growing number of single-parent families and remarried parents. This does not indicate, however, that the institution of marriage is crumbling. It is estimated that four out of five divorced couples eventually remarry other people. These shifts in family relationships may be interpreted as a breakdown or as an adaptation of the American family to changing roles, attitudes, and values. The changes, according to the more traditional viewpoint, represent a breakdown in the family structure, a disintegration of values, and a decline of morality.
美國(guó)家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的改變可由升高了的分居率和離婚率得到證實(shí)。在美國(guó)的某些地區(qū)，這些趨向?qū)е铝藛斡H家庭和再婚父母的日益增多。然而，這并不表明婚姻體制正在土崩瓦解。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，五分之四的離婚夫婦將最終和別人結(jié)合。家庭關(guān)系的這些改變可以解釋為家庭關(guān)系的破裂，也可以解釋為美國(guó)家庭對(duì)不斷變化的角色、態(tài)度和價(jià)值的一種適應(yīng)。以較為傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，這些變化代表著家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的破裂、價(jià)值觀的解題和道德的淪喪。
A Letter of Reply to a Friend
Dear Bessie, ?
I’m very glad to learn that you’d like to apply for admission to my university. Since you are good at speaking, I strongly recommend you major in journalism. From my point of view, you are dynamic and always curious about what happens around you. You also seem to be a good observer while having the unbelievable ability of accurate description. You are born to be an excellent journalist!
Now I should mention some important points you should pay attention to. First, you should get high grades in the College Entrance Examination, for journalism is a very popular major in our university. There is much competition in getting enrolled. Besides the preparation for the exam, a good health condition is also necessary. Go over all your lessons and read some books about journalism, and you will be more confident of your application. If you still have time, you’d better watch TV and read newspapers. All the above is my advice.
Try your best, and you will develop your talent to the full in the future. Good luck!
Li Ming
[Directions] In this section you are required to write a letter in reply to a friend’s inquiry about applying for admission to your college or university. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
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