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10月自學(xué)考試《英語(yǔ)一》閱讀試題及解析
一、閱讀判斷
The Truth about Left-Handed People
About 90% ofpeople in the world today are right-handed.The other 10% areleft-handed,including Obama,the President of the US.Every day,left-handed folksquietly face problems.It could be something as simple as driving a car or usinga can opener.
Why are sofew of us left-handed?One theory is that handedness (hand preference) could bea result of genetics.Scientists say that there are two genes (基因) associated with handedness.Oneis the D gene.It is more frequent in the population and promotes (促成) right-hand preference.The otheris the C gene.It has the ability to promote a preference for either hand.Whenthe C gene is present,there is a 50% chance that a person could be right- orleft-handed.
Anothertheory has to do with human brains,which are made up of two halves.If the lefthalf is more powerful,then one is most likely right-handed.But withleft-handers,it is more complicated.Seventy percent of them are also left-braindominant (占優(yōu)勢(shì)的).Theother 30% have right-side dominant brains.
During the18th and 19th centuries,left-handedness was considered a disability.But not allof the myths about left-handers are bad.One myth suggests that they are morecreative and smarter than the right-handers.So far scientific research has yetto find any truth to these claims.In fact,a 2013 survey out ofNew Zealandfound that left-handers and right-handers were the same.
Life mightbe a little more complicated for left-handers when it comes to cutting a pieceof paper or opening a bottle of wine.However,it seems to be a good sign if youare trying to make it to the White House.
第1題
The right-handers are nine times as many asthe left-handers.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】A
【答案解析】第一段前兩句話(huà)表明，世界上大約有90%的人是右撇子，而另外10%的人則是左撇子，包括美國(guó)總統(tǒng)第44任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。由此可知，右撇子的人數(shù)是左撇子的9倍，題干敘述正確。
第2題
Using a can opener could be a problem forleft-handers.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】A
【答案解析】第一段最后兩句話(huà)表明，每天，左撇子的人都很坦然地面對(duì)一些問(wèn)題，比如像開(kāi)車(chē)或使用開(kāi)罐器這類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單的事情。由此可知，使用開(kāi)罐器對(duì)于左撇子來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，題干敘述正確。
第3題
Men are more likely to be left-handed thanwomen.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】C
【答案解析】第一段主要講到在世界上左撇子和右撇子的人數(shù)分布比例;第二段和第三段講述了為什么左撇子那么少的兩種理論;第四段講到了不同時(shí)期對(duì)左撇子的不同看法;而最后一段講到對(duì)于占少數(shù)人口的左撇子來(lái)說(shuō)，生活上可能有一些不方便，其他的與右撇子并沒(méi)有什么不同。由此可知，文章通篇沒(méi)有提到男性比女性更可能成為左撇子,故選C。
第4題
Some scientists believe that handedness isdecided by genes.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】A
【答案解析】第二段第二句話(huà)表明，一種理論認(rèn)為偏好使用哪只手是由基因決定的。由此可知，題干敘述正確。
第5題
Most left-handers are right-brain dominant.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】B
【答案解析】第三段最后兩句話(huà)表明，左撇子中有70%也是受左腦控制的，而其他的30%是由右腦控制的。由此可知，題干敘述錯(cuò)誤。
第6題
In the 19th century,left-handedness was nolonger considered abnormal.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】B
【答案解析】第四段第一句話(huà)表明，在18世紀(jì)和19世紀(jì)，左撇子被視為殘疾。由此可知，題干敘述錯(cuò)誤。
第7題
Right-handers live longer thanleft-handers.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】C
【答案解析】第四段最后一句話(huà)提到，事實(shí)上，根據(jù)2013年新西蘭的研究表明，左撇子和右撇子在創(chuàng)造力和智力上都一樣。但文章并沒(méi)有提到右撇子比左撇子活得更長(zhǎng)。
第8題
Left-handers are proved to be cleverer.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】B
【答案解析】第四段表明，有傳說(shuō)暗示，左撇子比右撇子更聰明，更有創(chuàng)造力，但是到目前為止，科學(xué)家還沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何證據(jù)證實(shí)這些斷言。2013年新西蘭的研究顯示，左撇子和右撇子在創(chuàng)造力和智力上都一樣。由此可知，題干敘述錯(cuò)誤。
第9題
TheNew Zealandsurvey foundleft-handers differ greatly from right-handers.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】B
【答案解析】第四段最后兩句話(huà)表明，2013年新西蘭的研究顯示，左撇子和右撇子都一樣。由此可知，題干敘述錯(cuò)誤。
第10題
There are not enough specially-designedtools for left-handers.
A.True
B.False
C.Not Given
【正確答案】A
【答案解析】第一段最后兩句話(huà)表明，每天，左撇子的人都很坦然地面對(duì)一些問(wèn)題，比如像開(kāi)車(chē)或使用開(kāi)罐器這類(lèi)簡(jiǎn)單的事情。最后一段第一句話(huà)也表明，對(duì)于左撇子而言，當(dāng)他們想裁開(kāi)一張紙或打開(kāi)葡萄酒瓶蓋的時(shí)候，生活可能有點(diǎn)艱難。由此可知，生活中并沒(méi)有多少專(zhuān)門(mén)為左撇子設(shè)計(jì)的工具，故選A。
二、閱讀選擇
The Story of Milton Hershey
Almost everykid in theUShas eaten a famous Hershey chocolate bar.But few people know that the Hersheychocolate factory is only about 100 years old.Even fewer know that its founder,MiltonHershey,had suffered many failures before he started his famous company.
Milton grewup in the farm country of Pennsylvania.He was first trained to become aprinter.After working for a small newspaper for a short time,he decided thatprinting was not for him.Then he got a job at a candy factory.After a fewyears,he decided to open his own little candy business.But this first businesshad to close down because it was not making money.Then,Milton travelled toDenver to learn how to make caramels (黃油奶糖).He took his new skills to New York City and sold candies on the street.But thissecond business also failed.
Soonafterwards,he moved back to his hometown.There he experimented with all sortsof candies and chocolates.By 1893,he was selling a million dollars’worth of caramel candy eachyear.Since his chocolate-flavored (巧克力口味的) caramels were the best-selling,he decided to make chocolatehimself.He learned how to make delicious chocolate by adding fresh milk.Hismilk chocolate turned out to be a great success.So he sold his caramel factoryand focused on making chocolate only.
In1903,Milton Hershey built a huge chocolate factory and an entire town to gowith it.Today,the town of Hersheyis still the home of the Hershey chocolate factory.You can smell the deliciouschocolate smells just by driving through the town.
第1題
Milton’s first job was working as a(n) ________.
A.printer
B.candy seller
C.farmer
D.editor
【正確答案】A
【答案解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第二、三句話(huà)可知，最開(kāi)始他受訓(xùn)要成為一名印刷工，但是在工作一段時(shí)間后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)印刷并不適合他。故選A。
第2題
Milton closed his candy business because he________.
A.moved to Denver
B.wanted to go travelling
C.was not interested in it
D.did not make profits from it
【正確答案】D
【答案解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段第五、六句話(huà)可知，幾年后，他決定經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的小糖果廠，但是，由于不能賺到錢(qián)，他的第一個(gè)工廠必須得關(guān)掉。故選D。
第3題
The phrase “his new skills” (Line 5,Para.2)refers to how to________.
A.sell candies
B.make caramels
C.run a candy business
D.manufacture chocolate
【正確答案】B
【答案解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段倒數(shù)第二、三句話(huà)可知，米爾頓來(lái)到丹佛，學(xué)習(xí)怎么制造黃油奶糖，并且他帶著這門(mén)手藝來(lái)到了紐約，在街上賣(mài)糖果。由此可知，這門(mén)手藝是指制造黃油奶糖，故選B。
第4題
Milton decided to make chocolate himself because________.
A.he did a lot of experiments on it
B.his caramel candy was not popular
C.his chocolate-flavored caramels sold well
D.he was tired of selling candies on thestreets
【正確答案】C
【答案解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由第三段第四句話(huà)可知，因?yàn)榍煽肆谖兜狞S油奶糖賣(mài)得很好，所以他決定自己制作巧克力。故選C。
第5題
What can be learned from this text?
A.Fresh milk is beneficial to people’shealth.
B.A town was named after Milton Hershey.
C.Chocolate became popular in the 1900s intheUS.
D.Few people in theUShave heardof Hershey chocolate.
【正確答案】B
【答案解析】推理判斷題。由第三段倒數(shù)第三句話(huà)可知，他通過(guò)添加一些鮮奶來(lái)使巧克力更加美味，并未提到鮮奶是否對(duì)人體健康有益，故選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤;由最后一段前兩句話(huà)可知，1903年，米爾頓·赫爾希建了一個(gè)很大的巧克力廠，并且整個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子都成了巧克力廠，現(xiàn)如今，赫爾希鎮(zhèn)仍然是好時(shí)巧克力廠的發(fā)源地，故選項(xiàng)B正確;由最后一段第一句話(huà)可知，在1903年，米爾頓·赫爾希建了一個(gè)很大的巧克力廠，并且整個(gè)鎮(zhèn)子都成了巧克力廠，但是文中并未提到美國(guó)20世紀(jì)90年代巧克力非常流行，故選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;由第一段第一句話(huà)可知，在美國(guó)幾乎每個(gè)孩子都吃過(guò)著名的好時(shí)巧克力棒，故選項(xiàng)D錯(cuò)誤。
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