英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解有哪些技巧
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試的閱讀理解是難點(diǎn)，有哪些有用的答題技巧呢?為此百分網(wǎng)小編為大家?guī)?lái)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試的閱讀理解的小技巧。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解的技巧：推理題
(1)、推理題表現(xiàn)形式
推理題提問(wèn)的方式有很多，比如suggest，imply，indicate，conclude，infer等。然而，suggest，imply和indicate這些單詞提問(wèn)，這個(gè)題目往往按照細(xì)節(jié)題的方法來(lái)處理即可，真正難把握的是conclude和infer兩個(gè)單詞，這也是四級(jí)閱讀推理題經(jīng)常用來(lái)提問(wèn)的方式。
(2)、推理題解題方法
推理題難度高，不在于推理難，而在于找答案沒(méi)有方向。比如，題目可能會(huì)問(wèn)What can be inferred from the passage? What can be concluded from the passage? 如果我們對(duì)歷年考題作一個(gè)仔細(xì)分析，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)conclude和infer還是有些答案查找的方向的。
Conclude提問(wèn)的題目，一般會(huì)涉及原文中結(jié)論性，觀點(diǎn)性的語(yǔ)言，尤其是段落首末的.句子。而infer提問(wèn)的題目，如果題干信息比較多比較具體，一般可以當(dāng)作細(xì)節(jié)題來(lái)處理，如果題干信息比較少，則考查原文觀點(diǎn)結(jié)論的語(yǔ)言比較多，甚至考文章主題。
(3)、推理題注意點(diǎn)
很多考生在做推理題時(shí)，有一種思維誤區(qū)，認(rèn)為一個(gè)選項(xiàng)與原文相去越遠(yuǎn)，就越可能是正確答案，所以在找不到原文的依據(jù)時(shí)，就隨心所欲地推導(dǎo)。其實(shí)，很多情況下，推理題的正確答案相差并不大，不應(yīng)把這類題想得太難了。比如2002年1月份，
題目：
It can be inferred from the passage that____.
A)killing foxes with poison is illegal
B)limiting the fox population is unnecessary
C)hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violent
D)fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich
正確答案選擇C，而原文相關(guān)信息是：┄ because they think it is brutal(殘酷的) ┄
(原文已經(jīng)給出brutal的含義)�？梢�(jiàn)兩者相差并不大。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解的技巧：主旨題
(1)、主旨題表現(xiàn)形式
四級(jí)閱讀中，主旨題主要可以表現(xiàn)為“What’s the best title for this passage”;“What is the main idea of the passage”;“The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____”。當(dāng)然，這些提問(wèn)方式可以有很多微小的變化，比如問(wèn)“The passage is mainly about___”等等。
(2)、主旨題解題方法
從理論上來(lái)講，主旨題是四級(jí)各類題型中要求最高的，因?yàn)樗罂忌赐晡恼潞�，能�?duì)文章的大概框架作一個(gè)宏觀把握，從而解答后面的題目。但是把握文章框架對(duì)很多考生來(lái)說(shuō)，是不能做到的。慶幸的是，一般的四級(jí)文章，都可以找到文章主題句，或者是可以體現(xiàn)文章主題的句子或單詞。
文章主題一般在前兩段出現(xiàn)，所以考生要比較關(guān)注前兩段結(jié)論性的語(yǔ)言。四級(jí)閱讀在全文首句出現(xiàn)文章主題的情況比較多見(jiàn)。另外，第一段轉(zhuǎn)折性的語(yǔ)言，通常也能體現(xiàn)作者的觀點(diǎn)偏好。
(3)、主旨題注意點(diǎn)
如果是考文章主題，那么正確答案一定具有概括性和結(jié)論性，細(xì)節(jié)性的選項(xiàng)肯定是錯(cuò)的。如2005年考題，
What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?
A)To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center.
B)To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight.
C)To support the statement made by York Onnen.
D)To show the most effective way to lose weight
一看這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)A和C里面包含十分具體信息“the Boston University Medical Center”和“York Onnen”，是利用原文中的具體話題，某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容而設(shè)計(jì)的干擾選項(xiàng)。
值得注意的是很多干擾選項(xiàng)還以“以偏概全”的形式出現(xiàn)的，所以分析時(shí)要注意正確答案概括的全面性。而利用擴(kuò)大主題的范圍來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)干擾選項(xiàng)的方式，在四級(jí)中相對(duì)較少。為了說(shuō)明主題，為了論證，作者會(huì)引用一些人講的話，而這些觀點(diǎn)也很可能被考到。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解題型
Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn’t. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.
The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it won’t end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned mode is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source createda passage for infection. Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with atiny power pack, in the patient’s chest. The first sample products aren’t expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they’ll work—and that America’s overextended health—care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (開(kāi)支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation’s health.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the passage, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart proved to be _____.
A. a technical failure
B. a technical wonder
C. a good life-saver
D. an effective means to treat heart disease
2. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc. _____.
A. has been banned by the government from producing artificial hearts
B. will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new models
C. may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial hearts
D. can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 10 to 20 years
3. The new models of artificial hearts are expected ______.
A. to have a working life of 10 or 20 years
B. to be set fully in the patient’s chest
C. to be equipped with an external power source
D. to create a new passage for infection
4. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _____.
A. doctors who treat heart diseases
B. makers of artificial hearts
C. America’s health-care programs
D. New model of artificial hearts
5. Some people feel that ______.
A. artificial hearts are seldom effective
B. the country should not spend so much money on artificial hearts
C. the country is not spending enough money on artificial hearts
D. America’s health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation’s health
1.[A] 文章一開(kāi)頭說(shuō)Jarvik-7以前被認(rèn)為是一大技術(shù)成就，但文章第1段倒數(shù)第2句中提到,美國(guó)食品與藥品管理局得出結(jié)論,認(rèn)為這種儀器與其說(shuō)是挽救生命,不如說(shuō)是將生命置于更加危險(xiǎn)的境地。由此可知Jarvik-7是一個(gè)技術(shù)失敗,故選A。
2.[C] 文章第2段第1句提到，要求生產(chǎn)人造心臟的Symbion公司召回其銷售的人造心臟，這對(duì)該公來(lái)說(shuō)或許是一種損失，但這一禁令不會(huì)終結(jié)人們對(duì)人造心臟的需求。從這一句可推斷出應(yīng)選C。原文只提到政府禁止Jarvik-7這種型號(hào)的人造心臟，A把范圍擴(kuò)大到了所有的人造心臟;B在原文中并未提及;D說(shuō)的對(duì)象不是Symbion公司，也可排除。
3.[B] 文章中第2段第3句提到，這種新儀器可以完全置于患者的胸腔內(nèi)，B與之相符，故選B。A在文中并未提及;C、D說(shuō)的對(duì)象是Jarvik-7，故也排除。
4.[D] 從句子意思看，“向?yàn)閿?shù)不多的瀕危病人提供” 的顯然是上一句中的sample products，即可與電源組一并植于人體內(nèi)的new devices，故選D。
5.[B] 第2段倒數(shù)第2句But some people are already worrying…這句話體現(xiàn)了有些人已經(jīng)在擔(dān)心，為為數(shù)不多的垂危病人動(dòng)用巨額資金購(gòu)置新型的人造心臟是否合算，而由該段最后一句可以看出作者認(rèn)為這樣的做法是不明智的，因此B是答案。
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