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九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納1
1. I would rather watch TV shows than sports shows.我寧愿看電視劇而不愿看運(yùn)動(dòng)節(jié)目.
would rather…than…表“寧愿……而不愿”,與prefer…to…同義,但它們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上不同.
前者是would rather do sth. than do sth.,= would do sth. rather than do sth.…;后者是prefer doing sth. to doing sth. =prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
eg: I would rather stay at home than go out. = I prefer staying at home to going out.= I would stay at home rather than go out..=I prefer to stay at home rather go out.我寧愿呆在家中而不愿出去.
2. Was his wife still alive?他的妻子還活著嗎?
alive表“活著的”,常修飾人,而不修飾物.一般作表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ).
living同義,既可修飾人,也可修飾物.在句中既可作定語(yǔ)也可作表語(yǔ).
eg: The old woman is still alive/living.(作表語(yǔ))那個(gè)老人還活著.
The king wanted to keep Gulliver alive.(作賓補(bǔ))國(guó)王想讓格利佛活著.
There is no living things on Mars.(作定語(yǔ))火星上沒(méi)有生物.
3. She ordered a scorpion to hide in the dark to attack him.
order sb. to do sth.命令/要求某人去做某事
order sth for sb./ sth.為某人/某物訂購(gòu)某物
eg: The doctor ordered me to stay in bed.醫(yī)生命令我好好呆在床上休息.
He often orders books for his son.他經(jīng)常為他的兒子訂書(shū).
She ordered a suit for her dog.她為她的狗訂購(gòu)了一套衣服.
4. However, sometimes you do not forgive others.然而,你有時(shí)不會(huì)原諒別人.
forgive sb. sth.原諒某人某事
forgive sb. for doing sth.請(qǐng)求別人原諒所做的事
eg: She could forgive him anything.她會(huì)原諒他的任何事.
Please forgive me for disturbing you.請(qǐng)?jiān)徫掖驍_你了.
5. But in western countries, dogs are considered honest and good friends of humans
但是在西方國(guó)家,狗被認(rèn)為是誠(chéng)實(shí)的.,是人類(lèi)的好朋友.
honest用作形容詞,表“誠(chéng)實(shí)的;正直的” .在句中可作定語(yǔ),表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ).
He is an honest man. = The man is honest.
他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人.
固定搭配: be honest with sb.對(duì)某人坦誠(chéng)相待
to be honest說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà),老實(shí)說(shuō)
九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納2
1. by + doing通過(guò)……方式如：by studying with a group
by還可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期間”、“用、”“經(jīng)過(guò)”、“乘車(chē)”等
如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus.
2. talk about談?wù)�，議論，討論
如：The students often talk about movie after class.學(xué)生們常常在課后討論電影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb.與某人說(shuō)話(huà)
3.提建議的句子：
�、賅hat/ how about +doing sth.?
如：What/ How about going shopping?
�、赪hy don’t you + do sth.?如：Why don’t you go shopping?
�、踂hy not + do sth. ?如：Why not go shopping?
④Let’s + do sth.如：Let’s go shopping
�、軸hall we/ I + do sth.?如：Shall we/ I go shopping?
4. a lot許多常用于句末如：I eat a lot.我吃了許多。
5. too…to太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
如：I’m too tired to say anything.我太累了，什么都不想說(shuō)。
6. aloud, loud與loudly的'用法
三個(gè)詞都與"大聲"或"響亮"有關(guān)。
①aloud是副詞,重點(diǎn)在出聲能讓人聽(tīng)見(jiàn),但聲音不一定很大,
常用在讀書(shū)或說(shuō)話(huà)上。通常放在動(dòng)詞之后。aloud沒(méi)有比較級(jí)
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.
他朗讀那篇故事給他兒子聽(tīng)。
�、趌oud可作形容詞或副詞。用作副詞時(shí),常與speak, talk,
laugh等動(dòng)詞連用,多用于比較級(jí),須放在動(dòng)詞之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder.她讓我們說(shuō)大聲一點(diǎn)。
�、踠oudly是副詞,與loud同義,有時(shí)兩者可替換使用,但往往
含有令人討厭或打擾別人的意思,可位于動(dòng)詞之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public.他不當(dāng)眾大聲談笑。
九年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納3
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
�、�.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式be+Vt.p.p.
(一).語(yǔ)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式，是用于表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)分為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(active voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(passive voice)兩種。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：1)Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall.
(二)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是be+Vtp.p.(及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞)。其中be是變量，隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化;動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是常量，永遠(yuǎn)不發(fā)生變化。當(dāng)然，這只是指謂語(yǔ)部分而言。be動(dòng)詞作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有自己現(xiàn)在分詞(being)和過(guò)去分詞(been)。那么，下面我們來(lái)看看be在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的變化形式：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為八種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：
1)am/is/are+done(過(guò)去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
2)has/have been done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
3)am/is/are being done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
4)was/were done一般過(guò)去時(shí)
5)had been done過(guò)去完成時(shí)
6)was/were being done過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
7)shall/will be done一般將來(lái)時(shí)
8)should/would be done過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
�、�.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪�，能用主�?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)候就盡量不去用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。只有在下列情況中我們才用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
英語(yǔ)里被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用似乎比漢語(yǔ)要廣泛。英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常用在下列的場(chǎng)合：1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候，如：1.Look!There’s nothing here.Everything has been taken away.
2.My car has been moved!
2)當(dāng)我們不必提出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的時(shí)候，如：I was born in 1960.
3)當(dāng)我們強(qiáng)調(diào)或側(cè)重動(dòng)作的承受者的時(shí)候，如：She is liked by everybody.
Ⅲ.特殊的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：它的固定句式為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”。也有個(gè)別帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例外，如：ought to和have to，它們的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month那筆債務(wù)必須在下個(gè)月前付清。
2)帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
將這種主動(dòng)態(tài)的'句子完成被動(dòng)態(tài)的句子，可選兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)中的任何一個(gè)作為被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ)，而將另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)作為“保留賓語(yǔ)”寫(xiě)入被動(dòng)態(tài)的句中。但有一點(diǎn)要說(shuō)明，那就是，如果你選直接賓語(yǔ)作“主語(yǔ)”，有時(shí)要在被動(dòng)態(tài)句子的“保留賓語(yǔ)”前加上合格的介詞。因?yàn)檫@些動(dòng)詞常有兩種句式，即：我們可以說(shuō)give sb.sth.,send sb.sth.,buy sb.sth;我們也可以說(shuō)give sth to sb,send sth to sb buy sth for sb。請(qǐng)看下面兩種情況的對(duì)照：
She sent me a novel on my birthday.
I was sent a novel on my birthday.
A novel was sent to me on my birthday.
3)關(guān)于帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)態(tài)變成被動(dòng)態(tài)
如果將帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(既：賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，我們只能選擇原來(lái)句子的賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的主語(yǔ);而這時(shí)，原句里的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在就變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子的“主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”了。
The story made us laugh.(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
We were made to laugh by the story.(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
4)在使役動(dòng)詞have，make，get以及感官動(dòng)詞see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組，如“動(dòng)詞+介詞”，“動(dòng)詞+副詞”等，也可以用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體，不能分開(kāi)。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
6)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。v+ing形式及不定式to do也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和完成時(shí)態(tài))。例,I don’t like being laughed at in the public.There are two more trees to be planted.
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