高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)的技巧
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：掌握高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)技巧，有利于同學(xué)們拿高分。下面是小編整理的高中英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)技巧，供各位閱讀與借鑒。
短文改錯(cuò)口訣：
動(dòng)詞形，名詞數(shù)；
注意形和副；
非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別；
習(xí)慣用法要記住；
句子成分多分析；
邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注。
一. 動(dòng)詞形
主要包括兩類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤，以及主、謂不一致的錯(cuò)誤。例如：
My favourite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬于時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤和主、謂不一致錯(cuò)誤。找出此類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵是樹(shù)立牢固的時(shí)態(tài)概念，注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間，保持時(shí)間概念的一致性。
二. 名詞數(shù)
指名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯(cuò)誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫(xiě)成單數(shù)。例如：
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三. 區(qū)分形和副
及區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的`作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的�？键c(diǎn)。例如：
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是，形容詞多用來(lái)做定、表、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)等，而副詞只能在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語(yǔ)修飾time，第二句的Unfortunately作狀語(yǔ)修飾整個(gè)句子。
四. 非謂動(dòng)詞細(xì)辨別
這是考查最多的錯(cuò)誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動(dòng)名詞類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤，也包括不定式類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤。例如：
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，和不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。一般的，現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義，而過(guò)去分詞具有被動(dòng)態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義，不定式有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的含義。
五. 習(xí)慣用法要記住
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。這也是歷年高考的�？键c(diǎn)，其錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種：多詞、少詞和搭配錯(cuò)誤。 例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六. 句子成分多分析
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類(lèi);不同的語(yǔ)景要選擇不同的詞語(yǔ)。這些都有待我們對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析，才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤。例如：
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞were，這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤;第二例則是詞類(lèi)與它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副詞，不能作主語(yǔ)。
七. 邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注
與句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，屬于邏輯性錯(cuò)誤。如稱(chēng)謂上的張冠李戴，人名、地名、時(shí)間、方位等方面的錯(cuò)誤，常是這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤的考查對(duì)象。例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語(yǔ)是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆)，因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思，才開(kāi)始告訴別人，怎么能說(shuō)“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時(shí)的爭(zhēng)端，“我們”把電視機(jī)賣(mài)了;晚上沒(méi)電視看了，所以與從前一樣，大家又都讀書(shū)了，所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型外，�？嫉腻e(cuò)誤形式還有：連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯(cuò)誤(可以歸類(lèi)為邏輯錯(cuò)誤)，以及冠詞的用法錯(cuò)誤等。例如：
短文改錯(cuò)解析一則
(I)
There are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without 1. ______
spending too much because of I'm always short of money! There are also some 2. ______
place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menu before going in. 3. ______
The first place is Gino's. It's an Italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4. ______
like pizzas and spaghetti. It's really cheaply and very friendly. Then there's 5. ______
Black's Bistro. This is a caféwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6. ______
there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals. Again it's not 7. ______
expensive and is very popular with young people. And finally, how about 8. ______
Peppers? Go there if you want some really nourishing Mexican food. Mexica 9. ______
food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder too. 10. ______
(II)
It is one thing to land science instruments on Mars; however, it is quite 1. ______
another to establish a base for humans to explore planet. Daytime temperatures 2. ______
can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, 3. ______
the sun heat radiates back into space. Even at the equator, the temperature 4. ______
drops -50℃at night. In fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer to keep out 5. ______
ultraviolet(紫外線(xiàn)的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6. ______
and burning conventional fuels. But despite all these problems, scientists are 7. ______
currently working transport and clothing for Mars and an artificial environment 8. ______
in which colonists could live. However, the potential cost make the idea of 9. ______
human life on Mars nothing other than a fantastic dream. 10. ______
[答案與解析]
(I) 1.which→where。where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾表地點(diǎn)的先行詞town, where在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。2.去掉of。because后面接從句，而because of后面接短語(yǔ)。3. place→places。此處名詞應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4.去掉where。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，where多余。5. cheaply→cheap。cheap和friendly是并列的形容詞作表語(yǔ)。6. opened→open。open本身即形容詞。7. and→to。from…to…構(gòu)成固定詞組。8.本行無(wú)錯(cuò)。9. Mexica→Mexican。形容詞作定語(yǔ)。10. bit前加a。a bit是固定詞組,在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾hot。
(II) 1. science→scientific。應(yīng)該用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。2. planet前加the。planet前用定冠詞，特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表"氣溫上升"。4. sun→sun's。名詞所有格作定語(yǔ)，修飾heat。5.drops后加to。drop to表"下降到"。6. some→any。在表否定意義的副詞hardly后面用any, hardly any oxygen意為"幾乎沒(méi)有任何氧氣"。7. and→or。此處表選擇關(guān)系。8.working后加on。work on是固定詞組，表"研究"。9. make→makes。本句的主語(yǔ)是名詞cost,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。10.本行無(wú)錯(cuò)。
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