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where在定語(yǔ)從句中運(yùn)用
“where”是高考熱點(diǎn)之一,命題中主要考查其在定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句和狀語(yǔ)從句這三大從句中的使用。例如:
(1)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.
句中where是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中做狀語(yǔ);
(2)You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. 句中where是連接副詞,引導(dǎo)名詞從句做表語(yǔ),而本身在從句中做狀語(yǔ);
(3)If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. 句中where是從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。
在回答有關(guān)where的題目時(shí),往往會(huì)遇到這樣兩個(gè)難點(diǎn): 一、定語(yǔ)從句中,“感覺(jué)不到”的where
一提到where,我們往往都借其詞義,想到“哪里”,無(wú)論是在工廠,在學(xué)校,在街道等等,都看得見(jiàn),摸得著,例如:
They will fly to Washington, ________they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when
這似乎是顯而易見(jiàn)。“他們要飛往華盛頓,他們打算在那(華盛頓)待上兩三天!薄霸谌A盛頓”,使用where,有具體的地點(diǎn)。 不過(guò)再看一看下面的三個(gè)題目:
(1)Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers __ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
A. where B. when C. who D. which
(2)After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she needed to decide what to do. A. that B. what C. which D. where
答案ADC,全部都是where。但是,你肯定不像剛才的“飛往華盛頓”的`那個(gè)題目,能一眼辨別出是選擇where。
上面第(1)題,先行詞是cases,關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,where是“in the cases(在這些案例中)”的意思;
第(2)題,先行詞是point,關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,where是“on the point(在她職業(yè)中的那一點(diǎn))”的意思;
當(dāng)然,我們還會(huì)碰到一些先行詞,同樣會(huì)用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,而讓我們感覺(jué)不到“具體的哪”,這就需要同學(xué)們擴(kuò)大聽(tīng)讀,在具體的、鮮活的語(yǔ)言材料中不斷體會(huì),從而加以把握。
二、“內(nèi)涵”不盡相同的三大從句里的where
在學(xué)習(xí)中,很多同學(xué)容易犯的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,就是不分定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句和狀語(yǔ)從句where的不同內(nèi)涵,把定語(yǔ)從句中介詞+which所能等同的where,誤認(rèn)為適用名詞從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的where,把它們看成了一回事。例如:
A modern city has been set up in_________was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where
很多同學(xué)在回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題時(shí),都不假思索地選擇了B. which,認(rèn)為in which就是where,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。但是全句在in which前沒(méi)有先行詞,因此不是定語(yǔ)從句。本題應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇A。 那么, where在名詞從句和狀語(yǔ)從句中到底是什么樣的內(nèi)涵呢? 我們來(lái)看一看下面兩個(gè)題目:
(1)Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _______ the best jobs are. A. where B .what C. when D. why
答案A。where作為連接副詞,引導(dǎo)名詞做表語(yǔ),這里實(shí)際是“the place where”的意思。 (2)You’d better not leave the medicine _____ kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that
答案C。where作為從屬連詞,引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,這里實(shí)際是“at the place where”的意思。 分清楚where在不同從句中的內(nèi)涵,可以使我們?cè)谶x擇的時(shí)候,建立比較好的“語(yǔ)感”,從而幫助我們準(zhǔn)確回答好題目。
判定在定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)用that 和where的區(qū)別
1.看被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞(名詞/代詞)能不能直接和從句相連.
如果可以直接和從句其他成分相連,無(wú)須補(bǔ)上介詞,則用that/which;
如果需要額外補(bǔ)上介詞才能放在定語(yǔ)從句中,則用where.
如:This is the city (which/that I stayed in last year).
把先行詞the city放入后面的定語(yǔ)從句,為:
I stayed in (the city) last year.
the city直接做介詞in的賓語(yǔ),所以用which/that.
再如:This is the city (where I stayed last year).
把先行詞the city放入定語(yǔ)從句,需要補(bǔ)上介詞in方可,即為:
I stayed (in the city) last year.
所以使用where或in which.
2.看定語(yǔ)從句是缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)還是缺少主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ).
如果缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用where;
如果只缺少主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ),則用which/that.
如:This is the city (which/that) I visited last year.
從句I visited last year中,及物動(dòng)詞visited后面缺少一個(gè)賓語(yǔ),所以用which/that;
再如:This is the city (where) I lived last year.
I lived last year中,缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)in the city,所以用where或in which
其實(shí)上面兩種方法是一樣的,不知道樓主能不能看明白?
如果對(duì)你有所幫助,請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊我回答下面的“選為滿意回答”按鈕,
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