定語從句語法歸納

　　引導(dǎo)語：定語從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當一個成分，并與先行詞保持數(shù)的一致。

　　關(guān)系代 詞

　　who

　　人

　　主語

　　Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?

　　whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時，�？梢允÷�，但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that

　　whom

　　人

　　賓語

　　Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working

　　The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..

　　whose

　　人或物

　　定語

　　I like those books whose topics are about history.

　　The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.

　　that

　　人或物

　　主語，賓語

　　A plane is a machine that can fly.

　　She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.

　　which

　　物

　　主語，賓語

　　The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.

　　The picture which was about the accident was terrible.

　　as

　　人或物

　　主語，賓語

　　He is such a person as is respected by all of us.

　　This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.

　　as做賓語一般不省略

　　關(guān)系副 詞

　　when

　　時間

　　時間狀語

　　I will never forget the day when we met there.

　　可用on which

　　where

　　地點

　　地點狀語

　　This is the house where I was born.

　　可用in which

　　why

　　原因

　　原因狀語

　　I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.

　　可用for which

　　II. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別

　　只用that的情況

　　1.先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時

　　2.先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時

　　3.先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時

　　4.先行詞既指人又指物時

　　5.先行詞被the only, the very修飾時

　　6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避免重復(fù)時

　　1.He told me everything that he knows.

　　2.All the books that you offered has been given out.

　　3.This is the best film that I have ever read.

　　4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.

　　5.He is the only man that I want to see.

　　6.Who is the man that is making a speech?

　　只用which, who, whom的情況

　　1.在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人

　　2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。

　　3.先行詞本身是that時，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。

　　1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.

　　2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.

　　3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.

　　III. as、which和that的.區(qū)別

　　限制性

　　定語從句中

　　名詞前有such和the same修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which

　　He is not such a fool as he looks.

　　Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.

　　非限制性

　　定語從句中

　　as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無“正如”的意思。

　　They won the game, as we had expected.

　　They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.

　　As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.

　　the same... as和

　　the same ...that

　　the same... as指同類事物

　　the same ...that 指原物

　　That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同類工具，不是同一把）

　　That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用過的工具。

　　注意：the way 做先行詞時，定語從句可由that, in which 引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞。

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