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定語(yǔ)從句并列句例句
兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫做并列句,那么并列句是怎么用的呢?以下是由小編整理關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句并列句例句,希望大家喜歡!
一、定語(yǔ)從句基本概念:
在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。如:
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞;定語(yǔ)從句一般用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作從句中的一個(gè)成分。
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有:that, who, whom, whose, which;
關(guān)系副詞有:when, where, why.
二、定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的用法:
(一)關(guān)系代詞的用法:
1. 作主語(yǔ)用who, which和that, 如:
He is the man who/that lives next door.
The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.
2. 作賓語(yǔ)用whom, who, which, that, 如:
The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
注:在非正式文體中,用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通常可以省略,但在正式文體中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略,但在正式文體中一般不省略。
3. 作定語(yǔ)用whose, 如:
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
注:“whose +名詞中心詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)(如上a句),又能作賓語(yǔ)(如上b句)。whose 的先行詞常用來(lái)指人,但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象概念,這時(shí)可以與of which 結(jié)構(gòu)互換,詞序是:“名詞+of which”,如:
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
4. 作表語(yǔ)只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但時(shí)常省略。如:
He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
(二)關(guān)系副詞的用法:
1.when 指時(shí)間,在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),它的先行詞通常有:time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如:
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
注:when時(shí)?梢允÷,特別是在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。如:
Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2.where指地點(diǎn),在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。它的先行詞通常有:place, spot, street, house, room,
city, town, country等,如:
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
注:where有時(shí)也可以省略。如:
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
3. why指原因或理由,它的先行詞只有reason。如:
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
注:why時(shí)常也可以省略。如:
That is the real reason he did it.
(三) 使用關(guān)系副詞應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):
1. 這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意義上都相當(dāng)于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu):
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如:
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2. 當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí),一定要注意分析從句的'結(jié)構(gòu),如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用which或that, 缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),才能用when或where,試比較:
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.
3. when和where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why 只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
三、并列句的用法
基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”。并列連詞有:and, but, or, so等。并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要,相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系,是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。
如:
I like thrillers and I like action movies,too.
I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.
Hurry up or you'll be late.
and, or和but都是連詞,在句中連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列成分?蛇B接兩個(gè)詞,兩個(gè)短語(yǔ),兩個(gè)分句,但所連接的兩個(gè)成分必須一致,絕不能一個(gè)是詞,一個(gè)是句子。如:
I like red and orange.
He isn't my brother or my friend.
I like playing football and swimming.
and 的意思是“和”,表示前后兩個(gè)成分的并列或?qū)ΨQ關(guān)系;or的意思是“或者”、“否則”、 “要不然”,表示兩個(gè)成分并列或選擇關(guān)系;but 的意思是“但是”,表示兩個(gè)成分之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。
總結(jié)
and 表示順承
while表示對(duì)比
but/yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折
for/so表示因果
or/either ...or 表示選擇
when和and/then表示時(shí)間
and/so/neither/nor表示并列
not only...but also/neither... nor表示遞進(jìn)
四、并列句的用例分析
對(duì)付并列句及并列復(fù)合句的方法是各個(gè)擊破。先抓住并列連詞and 或but,識(shí)別出是并列句后,分別理解并列連詞前后的句子。
Noise generated by traffic on arterial roads and freeways is an increasing problem in australia and there is growing concern among highways authorities in australia about thelimitations of some types of noise barriers which have been installed in this country.
翻譯:在澳大利亞,由主干道和快車道的交通所產(chǎn)生的噪音是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。而且澳大利亞的高速公路主管部門也越來(lái)越關(guān)注已經(jīng)安裝在這個(gè)國(guó)家的一些噪音屏障的局限性。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:一個(gè)典型的并列復(fù)合句,并列連詞and 連接兩個(gè)句子,前一個(gè)句子是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,主語(yǔ)是noise;generated by traffic on arterial roads and freeways 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做noise 的后置定語(yǔ),后面的句子中有一個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
However, low barriers are not effective and high timber barriers have become much more expensive.
翻譯:然而,矮屏障無(wú)效,高屏障更昂貴。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:一般的并列句,and 連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。
Furthermore,fanwall is maintenance free and it is not susceptible to damage by fire and vandalism.
翻譯:而且,fanwall 是不需要維護(hù)的,而且它不易受到火災(zāi)和蓄意破壞。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:這是一般的并列句,and 連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。vandalism 是一個(gè)生詞,但由于和fire 一起,fir and vandalism,所以應(yīng)能猜出和火災(zāi)一樣不好的東東,實(shí)際在考試中能理解成這樣就可以了。
The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers,and a major contributor tosuch stress is their taking a greater role in child care.
翻譯:工作母親有和壓力相關(guān)的焦慮,這種壓力的主要原因是她們?cè)谡疹櫤⒆臃疵嫫鸬礁蟮淖饔谩?/p>
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:是一個(gè)并列句,and 前后的句子都是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。
Government have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time ,the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre.
翻譯:政府已經(jīng)鼓勵(lì)廢紙回收和分類系統(tǒng),而且,同時(shí),造紙工業(yè)也通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)新的回收技術(shù)做出了反應(yīng),這個(gè)回收技術(shù)為更大程度地利用使用過(guò)的紙鋪平了道路。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:是并列句,前后都是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,后面的句子中有一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做new recycling technologies 的定語(yǔ),by 是介詞,表示“通過(guò)……方式”的意思,后面常接動(dòng)名詞。
Already,waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging , and advances in the technology required toremove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper.
翻譯:廢紙組成了用包裝的紙張的70%。而且從紙張中去掉墨水的技術(shù)進(jìn)步已經(jīng)充許了在新聞紙和書寫用紙上的更高的回收滿意度。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:是并列,and 前后都是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,但都不簡(jiǎn)單。and 前面的簡(jiǎn)單句的謂語(yǔ)是constitutes,而不是used for,used for 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做 paper 的后置定語(yǔ), and 后面的句子的主語(yǔ)是 advances,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 have allowed,required to remove ink from the paper 不是謂語(yǔ),而是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做technology 的后置定語(yǔ)。
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