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定語(yǔ)從句中的which
只能使用which的情況:
1. 在“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞必須用which。
如： The house in which we live is very large. 我們住的房子非常大。
This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 這就是老師正在談及的那本參考書(shū)。
注意： 如果介詞不放在修飾事物的限定性定語(yǔ)從句的句首， which就可換為that， 例如： This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we've had so much discussion. 這就是我們已經(jīng)多次討論過(guò)的問(wèn)題。
2. 先行詞為“those＋表事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)， 關(guān)系代詞通常只用which而不用that。
如：you should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
最后，記得這個(gè)特殊情況吧：當(dāng)先行詞是表示原因或方式的名詞時(shí)，可以用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于介詞+which，that可以省略。
如： She likes the child for the very reason that (=for which) she loves his father. 她喜歡那個(gè)孩子因?yàn)樗龕?ài)著孩子的父親。
He didn't like the way that (=in which) she speaks to his mother. 他不喜歡她對(duì)他的母親那樣說(shuō)話。
Imagine the speed that (=at which) he drives the car. 很難想象，他開(kāi)車(chē)開(kāi)得那么快。
The reason (that /for which /why) he came here was to ask for our help.他來(lái)這里的原因是尋求我們的幫助。
which和that的區(qū)別：
1只用which,不用that的情況。
1)which可用在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。例如：
The project,which lasted four years,cost one billion dollars.這項(xiàng)工程歷時(shí)四年，耗資十億美元。
2)which可用前置介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如：
This is the house in which we lived three years ago.這是我們?nèi)昵白∵^(guò)的那所房子。
2只用that，不用which的情況。
1)that相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞when,where,why,in the way＝in which。例如：
I'll never forget the Monday that /when you first arrived.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記你初到的那個(gè)星期一！
Do you know anywhere that I can get fruit?
你知道我能在哪里買(mǎi)到水果嗎？
I like the place for the very reason that/why you dislike it.我喜歡那地方的原因，恰恰是你不喜歡它的原因。
He doesn't see things the way that /in which we see them.他看問(wèn)題跟我們不一樣。
2)that既可指物，也可指人。例如：
The people that worked on the project made a good effort.從事那項(xiàng)工程的人們做了很大努力。
3)當(dāng)主句以here,there開(kāi)頭時(shí)，常用that。例如：
Here is the place that you've been looking for.這就是你一直找的地方。
4)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，常用that。例如：
The first(thing)that should bed one is to get the book.應(yīng)該做的第一件事是弄到那本書(shū)。
This is the best place that I've ever visit-ed.這是我曾參觀過(guò)的最好的地方。
5)當(dāng)先行詞是all,anything,nothing(something除外),none,little,much時(shí)，常用that。例如：
Is this all that's left?這就是剩下的.所有東西嗎？
Have you got anything that belongs tome?你有沒(méi)有拿過(guò)屬于我的東西？
6)當(dāng)先行詞被no,little,only,very,the last等修飾時(shí)，常用that。例如：
The only thing that could be done is to find
our way home.唯一能做的事情就是要找到回家的路。
7)當(dāng)先行詞是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞分別表示人和物時(shí)用that。例如：
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.他們談到了他們熟悉的老師和學(xué)校。
8)在以which，who開(kāi)頭的句子中常用that。例如：
Which is the car that killed the man?撞死那個(gè)男子的小車(chē)是哪一輛？
9)time是先行詞時(shí)，前面如有序數(shù)詞或last修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo)或省略。例如：
This is the last time(that)I shall give you a letter.
The first time(that)I saw him was last year.
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