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職稱英語理工類補(bǔ)全短文真題練習(xí)
在學(xué)習(xí)和工作的日常里，我們會經(jīng)常接觸并使用練習(xí)題，做習(xí)題可以檢查我們學(xué)習(xí)的效果。學(xué)習(xí)的目的就是要掌握由概念原理所構(gòu)成的知識，什么樣的習(xí)題才是好習(xí)題呢？以下是小編幫大家整理的職稱英語理工類補(bǔ)全短文真題練習(xí)，希望能夠幫助到大家。
職稱英語理工類補(bǔ)全短文真題練習(xí) 1
Toads are Arthritis and in Pain
Arthritis is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown.
The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs.46
The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country,and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year.
The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47 A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. 48
A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.
According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night.
49 But speed and strength come at a price- arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.
In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳躍). 50 These toads are so programmed to move,apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones,continuing their relentless march across the landscape.
A. But this advantage also has a big drawback--up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.
B. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.
C. But arthritis didnt slow down toads outside the laboratory.
D. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances while the others are being left behind.
E. Toads are not built to be road runners-- they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.
F. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australias native species.
職稱英語理工類補(bǔ)全短文真題練習(xí) 2
Wrongly Convicted Man and His Accuser Tell Their Story
NEW YORK, NY, January 5,2010. St, Martins Press has announced the release of the paperback edition of Picking Cotton, a remarkable true story of what novelist John Grisham calls an "account of violence, rage, redemption (救贖), and, ultimately forgiveness".
The story began in 1987, in Burlington, North Carolina, with the rape of a young white college student named Jennifer Thompson. During her ordeal, Thompson swore to herself that she would never forget the face of her rapist, a man who climbed through the window of her apartment and assaulted her brutally.46 When the police asked her if she could identify the assailant (襲擊者) from a book of mug shots, she picked one that she was sure was correct, and later she identified the same man in a lineup.
Based on her convincing eye witness testimony, a 22-year-old black man named Ronald Cotton was sentenced to prison for two life terms. Cottons lawyer appealed the decision, and by the time of the appeals hearing, evidence had come to light suggesting that the real rapist might have been a man who looked very like Cotton, an imprisoned criminal named Bobby Poole. 47 Jennifer Thompson looked at both men face to face, and once again said that Ronald Cotton was the one who raped her.
Eleven years later, DNA evidence completely exonerated (證明……清白 ) Cotton and just as unequivocally ( 明確地) convicted Poole, who confessed to the crime.48 "The man I was so sure I had never seen in my life was the man who was inches from my throat, who raped me, who hurt me, who took my spirit away, who robbed me of my soul," she wrote. "And the man I had identified so surely on so many occasions was absolutely innocent."
49 Remarkably both were able to put this tragedy behind them, overcome the racial barrier that divided them, and write a book, which they have subtitled "Our memoir of injustice and redemption".
Nevertheless, Thompson says, she still lives "with constant pain that my profound mistake cost him so dearly.50"
A. Jennifer Thompson decided to meet Cotton and apologize to him personally.
B. Many criminals are sent to prison on the basis of accurate testimony by eye witnesses.
C. I cannot begin to imagine what would have happened had my mistaken identification
occurred in a capital case.
D. Another trial was held.
E. Thompson was shocked and devastated.
F. During the attack, she made an effort to memorize every detail of his face, looking for scars, tattoos (紋身), or other identifying marks.
職稱英語理工類補(bǔ)全短文真題練習(xí) 3
Why Would They Falsely Confess?
Why on earth would an innocent person falsely confess to committing a crime? To most
people, it just doesnt seem logical. But it is logical, say experts, if you understand what can happen in a police interrogation (審訊) room. Under the right conditions, peoples minds are susceptible(易受影響的) to influence, and the pressure put on suspects during police grillings (盤問) is enormous. _________ (46) "The pressure is important to understand, because, otherwise, its impossible to understand why someone would say he did something he didnt do. The answer is: to put an end to an uncomfortable situation that will continue until he does confess." Developmental psychologist Allison Redlich recently conducted a laboratory to determine how likely people are to confess to things they didnt do._________ (47) The researchers then intentionally crashed the computers and accused the participants of hitting the "alt" key to see if they would sign a statement falsely taking responsibility.
Redlichs findings clearly demonstrate how easy it can be to get people to falsely confess: 59 percent of the young adults in the experiment immediately confessed._________(48) Of the 15-to- 16-year-olds, 72 percent signed confessions, as did 78 percent of the 12-to 13-year-olds.
"Theres no question that young people are more at risk," says Saul Kassin, Professor at Williams College, who has done similar studies with similar results. _________(49) Both Kassin and Redlich note that the entire "interrogation" in their experiments consisted of a simple accusation--not hours of aggressive questioning--and still, most participants falsely confessed.
Because of the stress of a police interrogation, they conclude, suspects can become convinced that falsely confessing is the easiest way out of a bad situation. _________ (50)
A. In her experiment, participants were seated at computers and told not to hit the "alt" key, because doing so would crash the systems.
B. "In some ways," says Kassin, "false confession becomes a rational decision."
C. "Its a little like somebodys working on them with a dental (牙齒的) drill," says Franklin Zimring, a law professor at the University of California at Berkeley.
D. "But adults are highly vulnerable too."
E. How could an innocent person admit to doing something he didnt do?
F. Redlich also found that the younger the participant, the more likely a false confession.
試題答案解析
46.C。這一段談的是pressure方面的事。請注意在這個空格后面是一段引言，但沒有原說話人的名字，這也給我們提示，在填入部分里應(yīng)該有原說話人的名字，這樣可以考慮的有B、C、F三個選項。從內(nèi)容上進(jìn)一步考慮，應(yīng)選C。
47.A。這里填入的部分是對Redlich所做試驗的描述，下文又講到計算機(jī)，所以不難確定選A。
48.F。這一段講的是Redlich試驗的.結(jié)果，一開始就講了她的finding，填入的部分里有also這個詞，正好接上。而后面的一句話則用更具體的數(shù)據(jù)來支持她的結(jié)論：越年輕，越可能做假供。
49.D。Saul Kassin同意Redlich的結(jié)果，她認(rèn)為年輕人風(fēng)險大(more at risk)，但同時她又認(rèn)為成年人也十分脆弱(vulnerable)。
50.B。由于在審訊過程中受到壓力，許多人認(rèn)為做假供是一種擺脫厄境的方法，因而也是一種合理的決定
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