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2014雅思語(yǔ)法講義：句子種類(lèi)
英語(yǔ)句子種類(lèi)：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句
簡(jiǎn)單句(simple sentence)：包含一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(并列謂語(yǔ));簡(jiǎn)單句的特點(diǎn)就是簡(jiǎn)單、明了、有力。但簡(jiǎn)單句使用過(guò)多會(huì)使文章顯得單調(diào)、乏味、結(jié)構(gòu)松散。
1. He teaches this class.
2. Tom and Jack often help each other.
3. All roads lead to Rome.
4. They had a full exchange of view on a series of major issues and reached an agreement on the matter.
5. I have never been to Tibet.
五種基本句型：S+Vi, S+V+O, S+V+0+C, S+V+Oi+Od, S+LV+P
Subject=主語(yǔ)
Verbal phrase=謂語(yǔ)
Object=賓語(yǔ) (Oi=間接賓語(yǔ)，Od=直接賓語(yǔ))
Complement=補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
Predicative=表語(yǔ)
S+Vi
1. Without gun, the suicide rate will go down.
2. Female violence has risen dramatically in recent decades.
S+V+O
1. Media violence affect children’s mental health.
2. Frequent physical punishment contributes to a child’s later crimes.
S+V+0+C
1. Gambling may turn an ordinary man crazy.
2. Educators call TV both a good and bad information source.
3. Parents should encourage their kids to take part in more rewarding activities.
S+V+Oi+Od
1. Gambling could bring us a dramatic increase in crime.
2. Communicative service offers wrongdoers an opportunity to correct their misconduct.
S+LV+P
1. Young people are the pillars of society.
2. Environmentalists’ opinions sound convincing.
主 系 表 VS 主 謂 賓
翻譯：
S+V
1. 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展，環(huán)境也在不斷地惡化。
With the rapid development of economy, the environment is getting worse day by day/constantly
Deteriorate/ worsen /get worse
As the economy develops fast,
2.全球一體化的時(shí)代已經(jīng)來(lái)臨。
The times of globalization has arrived/come
Modernization /industrialization /civilization
Mechanization
3.1995年至1998年，男生的人數(shù)保持穩(wěn)定態(tài)勢(shì)。
Keep steady/stable/unchanged/constant
There is a stable trend in the number of boys
4. 8月和9月期間汽車(chē)價(jià)格波動(dòng)。fluctuate
There is a fluctuation in the price of cars in August and September.
5. 電視觀眾的人數(shù)在晚上8點(diǎn)到10點(diǎn)之間急劇上升。 TV viewers/ climb significantly
There is a sharp /dramatic rise/upward trend in
8. 00 pm/am
S+V+O
1. The toxic gases harm / threaten / impair .
有毒氣體危害人們健康。
2. Before presenting my view, I will talk about/discuss /explore both sides of the controversial issue .
在表明觀點(diǎn)之前，我將討論一下這具有爭(zhēng)議的事件的正反面。
3. Art funding wastes /lavish/squander .
資助藝術(shù)浪費(fèi)我們有限的公共資金。
4.Playing computer games hard-earned money /lucky money/ protection fee .
打游戲浪費(fèi)父母的血汗錢(qián)。
1. Improper living habits
不良的生活習(xí)慣有害健康。
6. Unrestrained development of tourism destroy /disturb ecological balance/ equilibrium .
旅游業(yè)無(wú)限制的發(fā)展破壞生態(tài)平衡。
7. Cross-cultural communication can contribute to/ be helpful/beneficial to removing /get rid of /eliminate bias/prejudice and hostility/ enmity .
跨文化交流有助于消除偏見(jiàn)和敵意。
8. Many residents complain of the construction site which makes great noise day and night.
很多居民投訴整天發(fā)出巨大噪音的工地。
9. overindulgence in computer games leads to fatness and myopia/ bad vision obesity .
過(guò)分沉迷于電腦游戲?qū)е路逝趾徒暋?/p>
10. You advertisement in Guangzhou Morning Post me. Attract/appeal to/fascinate
貴公司刊載于《廣州英文早報(bào)》的廣告吸引了我。
11. I can hardly the latter opinion for the following several sound reasons.
我很難認(rèn)同后一種觀點(diǎn)，理由有以下幾方面。
Agree on /concur on/ side with/ approve of
S+V+Oi+Od
1. I wish Wu Jiachen 我祝吳佳辰一路順風(fēng)。
2. Job-hopping offers people an opportunity to .
跳槽給人們展示才藝的機(jī)會(huì)。
3. The installation of cameras brings residents .
攝像頭的安裝給居民強(qiáng)烈的安全感。
4. Museums give people .
博物館給人們民族自豪感和歸屬感。
5. Part-time jobs give students through contributing to society.
通過(guò)為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)，學(xué)生從兼職工作中獲得一種成就感。.
Sense of +N-----safety/ honour/achievement/ belonging /pride/responsibility/humour / value
S+V+O+C
1. The life makes many people sick.
緊張的生活使很多人生病。
1. People call TV
2. 人們把電視叫做白癡盒子。
1. I require you to send some
as soon as possible.
我要求你盡快派人處理這棘手的問(wèn)題。
2. The Internet enables us to
the latest information worldwide.
互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使我們很容易接觸到全世界的全新的資訊。
S+LV+P
1. is one of man’s greatest .
生物多元化是人類(lèi)最大的財(cái)富。
1. TV is a
電視是個(gè)消磨時(shí)間的東西。
3. Playing computer games is .
打游戲是個(gè)費(fèi)時(shí)的愛(ài)好。
4. The number of visitors to U.S.A. stays/remains during the summer.
到美國(guó)的游客數(shù)目在夏季保持不變。
2. Cloning is
克隆是違背自然和不道德的。
6. The project sounds quite convincing and constructive .
這個(gè)方案聽(tīng)起來(lái)相當(dāng)令人信服和具有建設(shè)性。
并列句：將兩個(gè)或者更多的簡(jiǎn)單句用連接詞聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)就可以構(gòu)成并列句。并列句表面兩個(gè)或更多的簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)的信息同等重要，或有時(shí)間上的聯(lián)系。
1)常用并列連詞有：
平行并列連詞：
1. Child abuse is a crime and law enforcement have a legal duty to stop it.
2. Students should not only learn academic knowledge but also do volunteer work in communities.
3. Neither has he change his mind, nor will he do so.
選擇并列連詞：
1. Either we will find a supply, or we will make the goods.
2. Heavy penalties should be imposed on traffic violators or they may not abide by traffic laws.
轉(zhuǎn)折并列連詞：
1. This article is very good, yet it can be better.
2. Some offenders are good in nature, but they go astray under some negative influence.
3. Wise men love truth, whereas fools shun it.
4. Some kill people only to defend themselves while others are trigger-happy.
因果并列連詞：
We continually wage war on insects, for they contaminate our food and carry diseases.
1) 常用連接副詞有：
2) 常用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)有：
1. Mike made the beds; his wife did the laundry.
2. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
3. A writer wants something more than money for his work: He wants permanence.
Fill in the gaps:
1. Owning a gun is illegal in most countries, it is considered dangerous.
2. Many ads do give important information about products; , some of them are merely misleading and cheating.
3. Nuclear power is relatively cheap, some people argue that it’s not safe.
4. People must ignore energy crisis overstate them.
5. P-books will not be replaced by e-books, will fast food replace traditional food.
6. Not only does television appeal to those who can read to those who can’t.
7. Agriculture remains the biggest source of water pollution, waste from wastes of industries and cities have increased enormously in recent decades.
8. The government should go on fighting drug-related crimes, they will pose threat to social stability.
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