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2017雅思語(yǔ)法講義要點(diǎn)匯總
一、名詞性從句
概念：在一個(gè)英語(yǔ)句子當(dāng)中，特定的成份必須用名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩種：名詞和名詞從句。名詞從句就是語(yǔ)法功能相當(dāng)于名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)的從句。簡(jiǎn)而言之,它是一種用從句來(lái)代替名詞的句型。
考生常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題: 缺乏“名詞意識(shí)”.
1. (1). Save money is beneficial for one’s life after retirement. ( )
(2). There are more and more young criminals in the society has drawn the attention of media. ( )
2. Some people believe that mobile phones have taken the place of write letters. ( )
l 名詞性從句重點(diǎn)句型
1. What從句
(寫作) 通過(guò)打工，我們獲得的不僅僅是工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。它同樣能幫助我們把在學(xué)校里學(xué)到的東西運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐當(dāng)中。
2. that 從句
(寫作) 新東方能夠培養(yǎng)出
3. 主語(yǔ)從句的變形
由連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，在實(shí)際使用中that從句一般由it做形式主語(yǔ)。
That practice makes perfect (熟能生巧) is known to us. (Rare)
It is known to us/widely accepted that practice makes perfect. (Common)
Tip: 在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中表示“據(jù)……”的句型一般都用It is + 過(guò)去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句(一般表示某種情況。)
據(jù)估計(jì): It is estimated that …… 據(jù)報(bào)道: It is reported that ……
從圖表當(dāng)中我們可以看到: It could be noted from the graph that……
二、定語(yǔ)從句
1.概念
用一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)完整的句子作定語(yǔ)(定語(yǔ)的兩種形式adj+n/n+定語(yǔ)從句)，修飾前面的名詞，代詞，短語(yǔ)，甚至是整個(gè)句子的從句。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)就是把從句放在某個(gè)單詞/詞組/句子后面來(lái)對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾。
兩個(gè)首先必須明確的概念： 先行詞和關(guān)系詞
Kung Fu Panda is the best cartoon movie (先行詞) that/which (關(guān)系詞) I have watched this year.
(閱讀) There has been a significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce in Australia.
3.分類
定語(yǔ)從句可以分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩大類。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句： England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicized Copernican ideas (哥白尼學(xué)說(shuō)) with enthusiasm.
(閱讀) One new keyboard included keys which produced letters which frequently occur together in English, like –ing and –th and –ed, so the word “thing” would take two strokes to write instead of five.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句： Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism(磁力).
(閱讀) It is very likely that the key board, which we have used for over a century, will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation (聽(tīng)寫) as we speak to them.
Tip: 在雅思閱讀中，遇到__________________定語(yǔ)從句可以先忽略不看，先看句子的主干。
定語(yǔ)從句和先行詞之間有沒(méi)有逗號(hào)，會(huì)直接決定句子意思的不同。試比較以下兩個(gè)句子意思的不同：
1. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves which are too small individually to consider.
2. In terms of exceptions, scientists refer to the waves, which are too small individually to consider.
(寫作)不少人認(rèn)為如今被人們廣泛使用的電腦未來(lái)總有一天將會(huì)徹底取代電視機(jī)。
Quite a number of people believe that televisions will be replaced by computers___
四. 常見(jiàn)關(guān)系詞 which, that, where, when, who, whom, whose
單元練習(xí)：
(寫作) 環(huán)境保護(hù)是一個(gè)如今為人們廣為討論的一個(gè)話題。
(寫作) 有的孩子從來(lái)不做家務(wù)，這使得他們?cè)絹?lái)越依賴他們的父母。
(口語(yǔ)) 我計(jì)劃于2010年回國(guó)，到那時(shí)候我將年滿30歲。
表示 “做……是重要/必要的”的時(shí)候, 主語(yǔ)從句必須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should+動(dòng)詞原型).
It is important/essential/vital/necessary that sb/sth (should) do sth
在我看來(lái),政府向老年人提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助至關(guān)重要.
4. 由疑問(wèn)詞(how, when, where, whether, why, who)等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句
考生常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題：
(寫作) 很多人根本不明白存錢的目的何在.
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