考研英語如何解完形填空的詞匯辨析題
詞匯辨析題是考研英語完形填空必要考察的一類題型，大家一定要掌握，雖然完型投入產(chǎn)出比不高，但是必要的方法技巧還是應(yīng)該多看看。小編為大家精心準(zhǔn)備了考研英語完形填空詞匯辨析題的做題方法，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
考研英語完形填空詞匯辨析題的解法
一、形近詞辨析
所謂形近詞辨析就是指單詞看起來很像，但詞義截然不同，需要考生根據(jù)上下文選擇適合語境的詞義，主要考查學(xué)生的詞匯認(rèn)知能力。例如：publicity，penalty，popularity，peculiarity首字母都為p，結(jié)尾都為ity，考生往往會混淆，但public，popular，peculiar都是考生很熟悉的單詞，而ity為大家熟知的名詞尾綴，因此可以大體判斷出詞義，penalty是法律上常用單詞，意近punishment，表示懲罰，例如death penalty意為死刑。
應(yīng)對此類題目，考生需要掌握一定詞根詞綴知識，對單詞記憶準(zhǔn)確，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)可以有意識將遇到的形近詞組合成詞群進(jìn)行記憶。
二、義近詞辨析
義近詞則辨析是指單詞意思相近，難度比形近詞更大，考頻也更高，這樣的題型要求考生不僅認(rèn)識大體意思，更要明確單詞的確切含義、搭配、修飾關(guān)系、性質(zhì)(如名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)，動(dòng)詞及物不及物等)。例如： natives，inhabitants，peoples，individuals都與人有關(guān)，但意義側(cè)重不同native為當(dāng)?shù)厝�，土著，inhabitant表示居民，peoples復(fù)數(shù)表示民族，individual強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體的人。除了基本的意義區(qū)分外，還要注意搭配關(guān)系(動(dòng)詞和名詞搭配，名詞和介詞搭配等)以及修飾關(guān)系(例如修飾語詞性和意義的區(qū)分)。
【題目演練】
1. Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its .
[A] course
[B] route
[C] passage
[D] channel
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】近義詞辨析
【解析】空格處填入的名詞作lost的賓語，因此此題關(guān)鍵是判斷那個(gè)選項(xiàng)可與lost搭配且符合文意。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的動(dòng)賓搭配分別表示“迷失航向”、“迷失路線”、“迷失航程”和“迷失海峽”，顯然不存在后兩種搭配，首先排除[C]和[D]。由于文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。
2. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose.
[A]unusual
[B]particular
[C]unique
[D]typical
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】修飾搭配
【解析】本題目選擇形容詞，修飾后面的名詞。句子敘述到This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate smell receptors in the nose. "這意味著有些人的鼻子里缺少某種基因，這種基因是激發(fā)人鼻子里的……氣味感知器所必需的。"選項(xiàng)A. unusual 不尋常的;B. particular 特別的`，特定的;C. unique 獨(dú)一無二的;D. typical 典型的。這種"氣味感知器"具有感知?dú)馕哆@種特定的功能。因此，正確答案為B。
3. This suggests that dimmer bulbs burn longer, that there is an in not being too terrifically bright.
[A] tendency
[B] advantage
[C] inclination
[D] priority
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】搭配辨析
【解析】本題目選擇名詞，并與in搭配。選項(xiàng)A. tendency 趨勢，傾向，后面常接介詞for或動(dòng)詞不定式，如：a tendency for sth.或a tendency to do sth.(做)某事的傾向;B. advantage 優(yōu)勢，后常接介詞in，即an advantage in sth. 在某方面具有優(yōu)勢;C. inclination傾向，意愿，傾斜度，后常接介詞for或動(dòng)詞不定式，即an inclination for sth.或an inclination to do sth.想做某事;D. priority 優(yōu)先權(quán)，后常接over，如：take priority over sth./sb. (比某事/某人)具有優(yōu)先權(quán)。且從上下文語義來看，前面說越不亮的燈泡用的時(shí)間越長，所以這里語義應(yīng)為"燈泡不太亮是有優(yōu)勢的"，故B為正確選項(xiàng)。
考研英語閱讀主旨題怎么解
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
We can draw a conclusion from the text that __________.
[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now
[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks
[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices
[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry
[正確答案]A
[解題思路]文章第一段和第二段指出油價(jià)在上漲。第三段首句轉(zhuǎn)折并指出，現(xiàn)在油價(jià)上漲的后果不會像70年代那樣嚴(yán)重。第四段首句指出富裕國家對石油的依賴程度比以前低。最后，第五段首句提到油價(jià)上漲不會導(dǎo)致人們失眠(lose sleep)的原因。綜上所述，油價(jià)的上漲對人們的影響不大。因此A選項(xiàng)最符合文意。
[干擾排除]選項(xiàng)B與第一段第四句話相反，故排除。選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)D在文章中沒有提及。
[核心詞匯]doom厄運(yùn) strengthen加強(qiáng) severe嚴(yán)重的 swing波動(dòng) excess過量的
主旨題解題方法講解
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.Depending on whom youare addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a groupof managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries;alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment ontheir disorganized bosses.
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shownaround by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunnyweather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until,waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a manin a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stompsover to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter.“Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”
If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you tomake a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.With other audiences you mustn’t attempt to cut inwith humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks abouttheir canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick toscapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.
If you feel awkward beinghumorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a fewcasual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxedand unforced manner.Often it’s the delivery which causes the audience tosmile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving lookmay help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.
Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected.A twist on a familiar quote“If at first you don’t succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation.Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out afew words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.
The best title for the text may be__________.
[A]Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor
[C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies
[正確答案]A
[解題思路] 文章第一段至第三段都在講一個(gè)問題，那就是如果要使用幽默讓人笑，必須與人分享共同的問題。第四段講幽默表達(dá)需要自然隨意。第五段講了一些幽默的方法、策略。從整篇文章來看，主要是講前三的表述的這樣一個(gè)問題，即如何使用幽默讓人發(fā)笑，即有效的使用幽默，故選項(xiàng)[A]正確。
[干擾排除] 選項(xiàng)[B]屬于無中生有。選項(xiàng)[C]是由文章最后一段最后一句話而來，只是局部信息，不是全文的中心思想。選項(xiàng)[D]是最后一段的概括，同樣不是全文的中心思想。
[核心詞匯] strategy 策略 position位置 remark評論 inject with加入 alternatively或者
醍醐灌頂：文章中劃下劃線的句子就是我們找中心需要讀的句子。如果這些句子還沒有找到中心，那么久需要大家把首段的最后一句和中間各段的末句也讀了。
找中心一定要邊看邊總結(jié)，才能區(qū)分出主要觀點(diǎn)和次要觀點(diǎn)。正確答案一般是主要觀點(diǎn)，次要觀點(diǎn)一般都是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。切忌不可以一口氣看完!
正式在練習(xí)和考場做題，每一篇文章一定先找到中心之后再做題，中心是“閱讀的根”。
考研英語沖刺復(fù)習(xí)常見的近義易混詞
▶1、compel，constrain，force，oblige都有“強(qiáng)迫”的意思。
▶compel v.強(qiáng)迫，迫使，常表示運(yùn)用權(quán)利、力量迫使對方做某事;有時(shí)也表示“別無辦法，不得不做”。
eg:His illness compelled him to stay in bed. 他的病迫使他臥床休息。
▶constrain v.力勸，強(qiáng)迫，與compel意思相近，但更多強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)心情感(如道德、憐憫等)的強(qiáng)迫和限制作用，一般用于正式的場合。
eg:As an artist he didn't consider himself constrained by the same rules of social conduct as other people. 他認(rèn)為自己是藝術(shù)家，不必象一般人那樣要受到社會行為準(zhǔn)則的約束。
▶force v.強(qiáng)迫，迫使，暴力威脅的意味較濃，常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
eg:The thief forced her to hand over the money. 強(qiáng)盜逼迫她把錢交出來。
▶oblige v.(因法律、習(xí)俗等)強(qiáng)迫，迫使，常常用于被動(dòng)。
eg:We are obliged to stop the car at a red light. 我們遇到紅燈時(shí)必須停車。
▶2、comprise，compose，consist，constitute，include這一組動(dòng)詞都有“組成，包含”的意思。
▶comprise v.包含，包括，由……組成(整體);組成，構(gòu)成。
eg:Our company's product line comprises 2，500 different items. 我們公司的生產(chǎn)線是由2，500個(gè)不同的組成部分構(gòu)成的。
▶compose v.構(gòu)成(整體)，組成;由……組成(后接of，常用于被動(dòng)語態(tài));創(chuàng)作(作曲、詩歌等).
eg:The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents. 委員會主要由教師和學(xué)生家長組成。
▶consist v.組成，構(gòu)成，由……組成(后接of，常用于主動(dòng)語態(tài));(后接in)在于，存在于。
eg:The problem consists of two parts. 問題由兩部分組成。
eg:The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 這計(jì)劃的好處就在于簡單易行。
▶constitute v.構(gòu)成，組成(整體).
eg:Crime and illegal drugs constitute the city's major problems. 犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個(gè)城市面臨的主要問題。
▶include v.包括，包含，把……列入。
▶3、confinement，limitation，restraint“限制，局限”
▶Confinement n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某種境地).
eg:The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement. 那犯人被判處單獨(dú)監(jiān)禁三個(gè)月。
▶Limitation n.限制，局限;(能力的)缺點(diǎn)，弱點(diǎn)。
eg:That employee has limitations on what work he can do. 那個(gè)雇員能做的工作有限。
▶restraint n.克制，抑制;約束措施。
eg:Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child. 即使母親很生氣，她仍克制自己沒有向孩子大吼。
▶4、convert，invert，revert，transform都有“轉(zhuǎn)變”的意思。
▶convert v.轉(zhuǎn)變，變換，含有“使某人改變觀點(diǎn)”的意思。
eg:He wants to convert to Catholicism. 他要皈依天主教。
▶invert v.使顛倒，使倒轉(zhuǎn)，使反向。常常表示位置、順序、方向等的顛倒。
eg:The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice. 嬰兒把杯子打翻，弄灑了里面的橙汁。
▶revert v.歸還，恢復(fù)原狀。指回到原來的狀態(tài)或情形。
eg:John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John. 約翰送給他的哥哥一所房子，當(dāng)他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有權(quán)重新歸于約翰。
▶transform v.改變，轉(zhuǎn)變，指形狀、顏色、大小、性質(zhì)等的改變。
▶5、credible，credulous，plausible都有“可信”的意思。
▶credible a.可信的，可靠的。
eg:That the student told the teacher a credible story that she missed classes because she was sick. 那個(gè)學(xué)生跟老師講了實(shí)情，她沒來上課是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
▶credulous a.輕信的，易于相信的。
eg:She was credulous when she listened to the salesman and bought the car for too much money. 她很容易輕信別人，竟然聽信那個(gè)銷售員的話以高價(jià)買了那輛車。
▶plausible a.似乎有理的(可信的)，常帶有懷疑的意思。
eg:Even though it is a plausible explanation, I am not completely convinced. 雖然這個(gè)解釋合理，但仍不可能使我完全相信。
▶6、decline，refuse，reject，deny都有“拒絕”的意思。
▶decline v.婉言拒絕，謝絕，相當(dāng)于refuse politely，主要用于拒絕有關(guān)社交活動(dòng)的邀請或要求幫助的請求，后接名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式，主語只能是人。
▶refuse v.是比較普通的用詞，表示“拒絕”，含有非常堅(jiān)決地、不客氣地拒絕的意思。
▶reject v.拋棄，不采納，主語可以是人或物，后接名詞，不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。
eg:He asked her to go to the movies three times, and each time she rejected him. 他三次約她去看電影，但每一次都被拒絕。
▶deny v.否認(rèn)，否定，其后可接名詞，代詞或that從句。
eg:The defendant denied the accusations made against him in court. 被告在法庭上否認(rèn)了對他的指控。
形近易混詞：
▶1、certify，rectify，testify，verify
▶certify v.證明，聲稱是真的。
eg:He certified it was his wife's handwriting. 他證明那是他妻子的手跡。
▶rectify v.改正，糾正;整頓。
eg:He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording. 他通過改變措辭糾正了合同里的錯(cuò)。
▶testify v.(在法庭上)宣誓作證;表明。
eg:He is the only person who can testify in this case. 他是這件案例中唯一可以作證的人。
▶verify v.(用事實(shí))證實(shí)或核實(shí)。
eg:I verified the store's address by calling to check it. 我打電話詢問，以核實(shí)商店的地址。
▶2、considerable，considerate
▶considerable a.相當(dāng)大的，相當(dāng)多的;值得考慮的。
eg:That family owns a considerable amount of land. 那個(gè)家族擁有大量的土地。
▶considerate a.考慮周到的，體貼的，后面常跟of結(jié)構(gòu)。
eg:He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic. 他總是很體諒別人，他很慈善并且富有同情心。
▶3、conserve，preserve，reserve
▶conserve v.保存，保藏，保護(hù)(強(qiáng)調(diào)節(jié)約).
eg:In winter， some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. 冬天，為節(jié)約能源有些人在夜里把暖氣調(diào)小。
▶preserve v.保護(hù);維持;保養(yǎng);防止(食物)腐敗(使不受破壞).
eg:The government preserves the rights of the individual person. 政府保護(hù)個(gè)人的權(quán)利不受侵犯。
▶reserve v.保留，儲備(強(qiáng)調(diào)為某一特殊目的);訂(座位)，預(yù)定。
eg:We are reserving these seats for my parents. 我們把這些座位留給我的父母。
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