非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，從句不可省去；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。以下是小編整理的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 1
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：
即非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用，缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解，在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，如若將非限定性定語(yǔ)從句放在句子中間，其前后都需要用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
使用規(guī)則及注意事項(xiàng)：
1、which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分。
2、as有時(shí)也可用作關(guān)系代詞 。
as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，若as在從句中作主語(yǔ)，其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。但which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放句中。
例句：
As is reported in the newspaper, some artistic treasures (藝術(shù)珍品) will be on show at the exhibition on the weekend.
3、在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞不能用that。
限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有四大區(qū)別：
1在句中作用不同
限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，只是對(duì)其作一些附加說(shuō)明，不起限定制約作用。
如果將非限制性定語(yǔ)從句省去，主句的意義仍然完整。
2外在表現(xiàn)形式不同
限制性定語(yǔ)從句因與先行詞關(guān)系密切，所以不可以用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi);而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不十分密切，所以可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。
例1.
Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
你還記得教我們英語(yǔ)的那個(gè)女孩嗎?
例2.
Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
鐘是一種能夠告訴人們時(shí)間的儀器。
例3.
This is the place where he used to live.
這就是他過(guò)去居住的地方。
例4.
Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.
張先生昨天來(lái)看我，他是我的一位朋友。
例5.
We walked down the village street， where they were having market day.
我們沿著村里的大街向前走去，村民們正在那里趕集。
析：在前三個(gè)例句中，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，不可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。在后兩個(gè)例句中，定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。
3先行詞內(nèi)容有所不同
大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往為某一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)，而特殊情況下非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞也可為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常由 which 引導(dǎo)。
例 1.
A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.
一個(gè)中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫，這令我十分恐懼。
析：由語(yǔ)境可知，令“我”恐懼的內(nèi)容應(yīng)為“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
例 2.
A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ)，這令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到非常驚訝。
析：由語(yǔ)境可知，令所有在場(chǎng)的人感到驚訝的內(nèi)容是“一個(gè)五歲男孩會(huì)講兩門外語(yǔ)”這整個(gè)一件事，因此先行詞為整個(gè)主句，此時(shí)應(yīng)由 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
4關(guān)系詞的使用情況有所不同
�、賢hat 不可用于引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，大多數(shù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，但that不可。
例 1.
他送給他母親一臺(tái)彩電作為生日禮物，這使她非常高興。
誤：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, that pleased her a lot.
正：He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday, which pleased her a lot.
例 2.
他沒(méi)通過(guò)這次考試，令我很失望。
誤： He didn't pass the exam， that disappointed me.
正： He didn't pass the exam， which disappointed me.
值得注意的是，不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有 which 才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。
使用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果先行詞指人，則用 who ，whose 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;先行詞指物可用 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;先行詞表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用 when ， where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
例1.
We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.
我們將于七月份畢業(yè)，到那時(shí)我們就自由了。
例 2.
Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference was to be held.
他們上周日到達(dá)南京，有個(gè)會(huì)議要在那里舉行。
�、陉P(guān)系代詞替代情況不同
關(guān)系代詞 whom 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用 who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不可用 who 來(lái)代替。
例 1.
This is the girl whom I met in the street.這是我在街上遇到的那個(gè)女孩。
析：先行詞 the girl 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可用 who 代替 whom.
例 2.
A young man had a new girl friend, whom he wanted to impress.
一個(gè)年輕的小伙子新交了一個(gè)女朋友，他想給她留下深刻的印象。
析：先行詞 a new girl friend 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，不可用 who 代替 whom.
在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞指人時(shí)可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞指人時(shí)，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .
例：她有一個(gè)姐姐，她是教師。
誤：She has a sister, that is a teacher.
正：She has a sister, who is teacher.
�、坳P(guān)系代詞省略情況不同
關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的所有關(guān)系詞均不可省。
例 1.
This is the book (which/that) he lost yesterday.
這就是他昨天丟的那本書。
析： 先行詞 the book 在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 可以省略。
例 2.
The book, which he lost yesterday， has been found.
他昨天丟了這本書，但現(xiàn)在已找到了。
析：先行詞 the book 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞 which 不可省。
延伸閱讀：非限制定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)一：和限制性定語(yǔ)從句的比較。
區(qū)別1：形式不同
限定性定語(yǔ)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間通常有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
區(qū)別2：功能不同
限定性定從對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行修飾、限制和識(shí)別，如果去掉，就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清；
非限定性定從對(duì)先行詞補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People who take physical exercise live longer.
His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.
區(qū)別3：翻譯不同
限定性定語(yǔ)從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前；非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與主句分開(kāi)。
He is the man whose car was stolen.
他就是汽車被竊的那個(gè)人。
I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat.
我邀請(qǐng)了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。
區(qū)別4：含義不同
I have a sister who is a doctor.
我有一個(gè)當(dāng)醫(yī)生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一個(gè))
I have a sister, who is a doctor.
我有一個(gè)姐姐，她是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的。(只有一個(gè)姐姐)
區(qū)別5：先行詞不同
限定性定從的先行詞只能是名詞或代詞；
非限定性定從的先行詞則可以是名詞或代詞，
也可以是短語(yǔ)或主句。
Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
彼得開(kāi)車很快，這是很危險(xiǎn)的。
(which指drive too fast)
He changed his mind, which made me very angry.
他改變了主意，這使我很生氣。
(which指整個(gè)主句)
區(qū)別6：關(guān)系詞不同
that和why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定從；
在非限制性定從中，關(guān)系詞一律不省略。
考點(diǎn)二：as引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句， 指代主句整個(gè)句子，可以放在主句之前， 譯為“正如”。
As we all know, he studies very hard.
As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.
考點(diǎn)三：引導(dǎo)詞前的介詞
So far only two people have seen this house,
of whom neither wants to buy it.
So far only two people have seen this house,
neither of whom wants to buy it.
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 2
一、限制性定語(yǔ)從句
1.關(guān)系代詞that既可代表事物也可代表人，which只代表事物，它們?cè)趶木?/p>
中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)�？墒÷浴�
I was the only person in our office that was invited to the palace ball．
The present that（which）I received last week was from my sister．
This is a book which is about space rocket technology．
2.關(guān)系代詞who和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來(lái)修飾人，分別作從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意它可以作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)也可以作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：
This is the man who helped me．
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room．
3. whose是關(guān)系代詞，修飾名詞，作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于who和whom的所有格，既可以修飾人又可以修飾物。如：
Do you know the student whose name is Wang Fei？
We lived in a room whose window opens to the west.
4. where是關(guān)系副詞，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)表示地點(diǎn)的定語(yǔ)從句，where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如：
At last we arrived at a small village where we’ll work for a week.
5. when是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
注意，表示時(shí)間的the time，the day, the moment作先行詞，其定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞有四種情況：1）when,2) in/ on which3) that4)省略。如：
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the day I met her.
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities.
6. why是關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示原因，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。
7.關(guān)系副詞when, where, why可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)代替，但有兩點(diǎn)要注意：
1）在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不能用that。關(guān)系代詞指物用which,指人時(shí)用whom，不用who；且which和whom在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中不能省略。如：
The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (正確)
The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable.(錯(cuò)誤)
2）在使用介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不拆開(kāi)使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等。如“This is the watch which/that I am looking for.”不可以改為“This is the watch for which I am looking.”
二、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，通常和主句間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，可用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面整個(gè)句子的情況或主句的某一部分。如：
She heard a terrible noise，which brought her heart into her mouth．
David studies hard and is ready to help others，which is what his parents expect．
2.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which或as代表事物。關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)用whose。如：
He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
In the basket there are quite many apples, which have gone bad.
There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.限
His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)表達(dá)的'意義不同，試分析下面兩個(gè)句子的差別：
His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）
His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵(lì)他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個(gè)哥哥）
3. as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：
1）As和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。
He married her, as/which was natural.
He was honest, as/which we can see.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.
2）as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以
切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
John, as you know, is a famous writer.
He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which
Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3）the same… as；such…as是固定結(jié)構(gòu),意思是“和……一樣……�！比纾�
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
I have never heard such a story as he tells.
He is not such a fool as he looks.
This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：當(dāng)先行次由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同。如：
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿著她在瑪麗婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。
She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.
她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。
語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
單項(xiàng)填空
1. The soldier ran to the building, and ____flew a flag.
A. on the top of whichB. on the top of whom
C. on the top of itD. which
2. When the same man ____murdered the old lady entered the hotel once more,
the waiter immediately phoned the police.
A. asB. thatC. whichD. whom
3. He wore, ____was very common at the time, a black jacket.
A. thatB. whichC. itD. what
4. Was it in the room ____Mr. Johnson lived ____the exhibition was held?
A. that; thatB. where; thatC. where; whereD. that; where
5. ____, the population of China is the largest in the world.
A. It is known thatB. As is well known
C. Which is well knownD. We all know that
6. This is the very reason____ he gave me.
A. thatB. whyC. for whichD. which
7. He arrived in New York in 1949, ____, some time later, he became a writer.
A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which
8. They’re talking about the newly opened market, ____you get all ____you need.
A. in which; whichB. where; thatC. where; whichD. which; that
9. She heard a terrible noise, ____brought her heart into her mouth.
A. itB. whichC. thisD. that
10. I said nothing, ____made her angry.
A. whichB. whatC. /D. that
11. I shall never forget the time ____the blacks and whites were fighting side by side.
A. whenB. thatC. /D. A, B and C
12. He has three sons, ____are doctors.
A. two of whomB. both of whomC. all of themD. each of them
13. He tore up my photo, and____ made me angry.
A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who
14. I still remember the sitting-room____ my mother and I sat in last year.
A. whereB. in whichC. thatD. to which
15. The day we looked forward to ____.
A. comeB. comingC. having comeD. has come
答案
1. C。由于and的存在，這是并列句，而不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，排除A.
2. B。這里the same修飾man，其后只能用能代表人的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；whom是賓格，這里引導(dǎo)詞要在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故不能用。
3. B。which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which所代表的是整個(gè)主句的意思，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)從句而提前了。
4. B。識(shí)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句型不難，但極有可能在第一個(gè)空填that,而誤選D。其實(shí)被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分還含有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾room.
5. B。只有as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可位于主句之前，排除C；若去掉句中的逗號(hào)，A項(xiàng)則可構(gòu)成含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，D項(xiàng)則可構(gòu)成含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。
6. A。強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是B.這里不選why，是因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句缺的是賓語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞that.試比較：This is the reason why he gave me so much money;先行詞已被very一類的詞修飾過(guò)了，其后定語(yǔ)從句不用which引導(dǎo)，故亦排除D.
7. B。強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是A.想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是時(shí)間，事實(shí)上，這個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的先行詞是地點(diǎn)New York,被介詞結(jié)構(gòu)分隔了。
8. B。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在該定語(yǔ)從句中，不定代詞all又帶that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
9. B。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，這是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，故不用it和this;引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不用that.
10. A。如果只想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為nothing是不定代詞，其后的定語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)，就錯(cuò)了。這里是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該用which引導(dǎo)，并且which所代表的是整個(gè)主句的意思。
11. D。英語(yǔ)中少數(shù)幾個(gè)與時(shí)間有關(guān)的名詞，如the time, the day, the moment作先行詞，所帶定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用that代替when,也可以省略。
12. A。如果看出這是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，C、D很容易排除。Both of whom中的whom指兩個(gè)，數(shù)量是2/2；two of whom, whom指三人，數(shù)量是2/3.
13. A。強(qiáng)干擾項(xiàng)是C,因?yàn)橛衋nd，這是并列句,不是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這里that是指示代詞，作主語(yǔ)。
14. C。如果錯(cuò)誤地把后面的介詞in理解為in last year,可能誤選A、B.事實(shí)上，in與前邊的關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。Last year是名詞詞組作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不加冠詞。
15. D。這里“(that/which) we looked forward to”是修飾the day的定語(yǔ)從句；to的賓語(yǔ)是省略了的引導(dǎo)詞。
【非限制性定語(yǔ)從句】相關(guān)文章：
2016托福閱讀賓語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)從句解析09-26
考研有哪些破解了定語(yǔ)從句的譯法12-11
2018廣東高考英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法填空題09-06
2017中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：定語(yǔ)從句09-22
2017最新GMAT考試定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析08-16
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之定語(yǔ)從句的四種翻譯法08-24
2015年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法講解：定語(yǔ)從句11-14
2017年高考英語(yǔ)第一輪基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練：定語(yǔ)從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句09-26